linux常見故障整理
阿新 • • 發佈:2021-01-19
目錄
- 一. 檔案和目錄類
- 1.1 File exist 檔案已經存在
- 1.2 No such file or directory 沒有這個檔案或目錄(這個東西不存在)
- 1.3 command not found 命令找不到(沒有這個命令)
- 1.4 invalid option 無效的引數(不可用的引數)
- 1.5 overwrite 覆蓋
- 1.6 remove regular empty file 是否刪除普通檔案(空的)
- 1.7 is a directory xxx是一個目錄
- 1.8 descend into directory 是否進入目錄
- 1.10 Can't open file for writing 無法開啟這個檔案
- 1.11 No write since last change
- 1.12 xx column window is too narrow 視窗只有xx列太窄了 無法完全顯示
- 二. 網路連線類
- 三. 修改系統基礎配置類
一. 檔案和目錄類
1.1 File exist 檔案已經存在
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# mkdir /data /lidao [root@oldboyedu59 ~]# mkdir /data /lidao mkdir: cannot create directory ‘/data’: File exists mkdir: cannot create directory ‘/lidao’: File exists
mkdir: cannot create directory ‘/lidao’: File exists
無法 建立 目錄 因為這個目錄已經存在
1.2 No such file or directory 沒有這個檔案或目錄(這個東西不存在)
沒有這個目錄:檔案或路徑書寫錯誤
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# mkdir /oldboy
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# cd oldboy
-bash: cd: oldboy: No such file or directory
mkdir命令本身問題:mkdir 命令預設只能建立1層目錄 建立多層報錯
-p解決
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# mkdir /data/oldboy/lidao/
mkdir: cannot create directory ‘/data/oldboy/lidao/’: No such file or directory
touch命令只能建立檔案,目錄不存在則會報錯
解決:先建立目錄,再建立檔案
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# ls /oldboy/
oldboy.txt
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# touch /oldboy/lidao/alex/oldboy.txt
touch: cannot touch ‘/oldboy/lidao/alex/oldboy.txt’: No such file or directory
排錯思路:
1、ls命令檢查對應的目錄是否存在?
2、目錄不存在 先建立目錄在建立檔案/
1.3 command not found 命令找不到(沒有這個命令)
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# mkdiy
-bash: mkdiy: command not found
1.書寫錯誤
2.沒有安裝
1.4 invalid option 無效的引數(不可用的引數)
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# touch -p /oldboy/oldboy.txt
touch: invalid option -- 'p'
Try 'touch --help' for more information.
1.5 overwrite 覆蓋
cp複製如果已經存在這個檔案會提示是否覆蓋
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# cp /oldboy/oldboy.txt /tmp/
cp: overwrite ‘/tmp/oldboy.txt’?
1.6 remove regular empty file 是否刪除普通檔案(空的)
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# rm /oldboy/oldboy.txt
rm: remove regular empty file ‘/oldboy/oldboy.txt’?
1.7 is a directory xxx是一個目錄
rm預設無法刪除目錄
解決:加上-r 或-rf
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# rm /data/
rm: cannot remove ‘/data/’: Is a directory
vi命令中 使用vi編輯目錄也會報錯
"/oldboy"
E502: "/oldboy" is a directory
Press ENTER or type command to continue
1.8 descend into directory 是否進入目錄
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# rm -r /data/
rm: descend into directory ‘/data/’? y
rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy01.txt’? n
rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy02.txt’? n
rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy03.txt’? n
rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy04.txt’? n
rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy05.txt’? n
rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy06.txt’? n
rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy07.txt’? n
rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy08.txt’? n
rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy09.txt’? n
rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy10.txt’? n
rm: remove directory ‘/data/’? n
1.9 Invalid level 無效的層數,層數必須大於0
注意引數位置
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# tree -L -F 2 /
tree: Invalid level, must be greater than 0.
1.10 Can't open file for writing 無法開啟這個檔案
vi中 如果目錄不存在就會提示
"/oldbyo/oldboy.txt"
"/oldbyo/oldboy.txt" E212: Can't open file for writing
Press ENTER or type command to continue
1.11 No write since last change
E37: No write since last change (add ! to override)
粘包賴(你修改了內容就無法使用:q退出 需要使用:q!
1.12 xx column window is too narrow 視窗只有xx列太窄了 無法完全顯示
這是w的坑 空間太小施展不開.
[root@oldboyedu60-lnb ~]# w
w: 39 column window is too narrow
二. 網路連線類
2.1 遠端連線錯誤 Connection Failed 連線失敗
使用Xshell遠端連線失敗提示,檢查埠是否開啟或正確
[c:\~]$
Connecting to 10.0.0.200:233...
Could not connect to '10.0.0.200' (port 233): Connection failed.
Type `help' to learn how to use Xshell prompt.
使用telnet測試埠是否開啟
[c:\~]$ telnet 10.0.0.200 233
Connecting to 10.0.0.200:233...
Could not connect to '10.0.0.200' (port 233): Connection failed. #233埠沒有開啟
Type `help' to learn how to use Xshell prompt.
埠開啟
[c:\~]$ telnet 10.0.0.200 22
Connecting to 10.0.0.200:22...
Connection established. #埠開啟
To escape to local shell, press 'Ctrl+Alt+]'.
SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_7.4
Protocol mismatch.
Connection closed by foreign host.
Disconnected from remote host(10.0.0.200:22) at 12:22:54.
Type `help' to learn how to use Xshell prompt.
[c:\~]$
2.2 yum安裝軟體故障提示 Could not resolve host無法解析主機
Could not resolve host無法解析主機
主要是系統能否上網和DNS問題.
http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/7.6.1810/updates/x86_64/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] curl#6 -
"Could not resolve host: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn; Unknown error"
Trying other mirror.
2.3 yum安裝軟體提示:Nothing to do (沒事做)
有兩種情況:
情況1:軟體已經安裝並且最新如下:
Package tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
tree軟體包已經安裝並且是最新版本
Package 2:vim-enhanced-7.4.160-5.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package 1:bash-completion-2.1-6.el7.noarch already installed and latest version
Nothing to do
情況2:軟體名字寫錯或沒有配置yum源導致找不到這個軟體包
[root@oldboyedu60-lnb ~]# yum install treea -y
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirror.lzu.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.nwsuaf.edu.cn
* updates: mirrors.nwsuaf.edu.cn
base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
extras | 3.4 kB 00:00:00
updates | 3.4 kB 00:00:00
No package treea available.
#沒有找到叫treea的軟體包
Error: Nothing to do
2.4 Name or service not known 域名無法識別(無法上網)
原因:
1:DNS配置錯誤原因
2:Linux無法上網原因
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# ping baidu.com
ping: baidu.com: Name or service not known
域名無法識別(無法將域名---->ip地址)
三. 修改系統基礎配置類
3.1 重啟網絡卡報錯 device not present
[root@oldboyusd ~]# systemctl restart network
Job for network.service failed because the control process exited with error code.
See "systemctl status network.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.
檢視詳細錯誤原因
·journalctl -xe·
Apr 01 15:31:05 oldboyusd.1 network[7816]: Bringing up interface etho: ERROR : [/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-eth] Device does not seem to be present, delaying initialization.
Apr 01 15:31:05 oldboyusd.1 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-eth[8019]: Device does not seem to be present, delaying initializatio
3.2 修改主機名過程中,命令列中主機名沒有變化
1 hostname命令修改主機名(臨時 重啟伺服器之後失效)
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# hostname
oldboyedu59
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# hostname oldboyedu59-lnb
2 修改檔案內容(寫合同 永久 重啟伺服器之後生效)
vim /etc/hostname
oldboyedu59-lnb
3 檢查
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# hostname
oldboyedu59-lnb
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# cat /etc/hostname
oldboyedu59-lnb
命令列中的主機名部分沒有改變?
解決:重新登入下即可(斷開連線,重新連線)
[root@oldboyedu59-lnb ~]#