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python應用學習(二)——生成驗證碼

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python應用學習(二)——生成驗證碼


前言

網站為例防止惡意註冊、發帖等惡意操作而設定了驗證碼,其原理是將一串隨機產生的數字或字母生成一幅圖片,圖片上加一下干擾元素。本文介紹利用python生成一個驗證碼,其中程式碼做了註釋並於相關知識的解答

完成目標:
  生成如圖所示的驗證碼
在這裡插入圖片描述


一、準備

1、python環境

2、涉及到的python庫需要 pip install 包名 安裝

pip install pillow

二、程式碼編寫

1.引入庫

import random,string,sys,math
from PIL import Image,ImageDraw,ImageFont,ImageFilter
import os

2.配置初始化引數

font_path = 'C:\Windows\Fonts\simfang.ttf'   #字型位置
number = 5                                   #生成幾位數的驗證碼
size =(100,40)                               #生成驗證碼的影象大小
bgcolor = (255,255
,255) #生成的背景色(白色) draw_line = True #是否要加干擾線和干擾點 path = "vertification.png" #驗證碼存放位置

3.生成隨機字串

def random_text ():
    source = list(string.ascii_letters)  
    #print(source)
    for index in range(0,10):
        source.append
(str(index)) return ''.join(random.sample(source,1))

4.生成干擾線和干擾點

def random_line(drawpen,width,height):
    for i in range(random.randint(4,8)):
        linecolor = (random.randint(0,255),random.randint(0,255),random.randint(0,255))  #干擾線的顏色隨機
        begin = (random.randint(0,width),random.randint(0,height))  #干擾線的位置隨機
        end = (random.randint(0,width),random.randint(0,height))
        drawpen.line([begin,end],fill = linecolor)

def random_point(drawpen,width,height):
    for i in range(20):
        linecolor = (random.randint(0,255),random.randint(0,255),random.randint(0,255))  #干擾點的顏色隨機
        begin = (random.randint(0,width),random.randint(0,height))   #干擾點的位置隨機
        end = (random.randint(0,width),random.randint(0,height))
        drawpen.point([begin,end],fill = linecolor)

5.生成驗證碼的函式

def get_code():
    x_start = 2    
    y_start = 0   
    width,height = size        #驗證碼的寬和高
    image = Image.new('RGBA',(width,height),bgcolor)    #建立圖片
    font = ImageFont.truetype(font_path,25)             #設定驗證碼的字型
    drawpen = ImageDraw.Draw(image)                     #生成畫筆
    for i in range(number):
        fontcolor = (random.randint(0,255),random.randint(0,255),random.randint(0,255))     #驗證碼字型的顏色隨機
        text = random_text()                                
        #font_width,font_height = font.getsize(text)
        x = x_start + i * int(width / (number))
        y = random.randint(y_start, int(height / 2))
        drawpen.text((x, y), text = text,font = font,fill = fontcolor)
        # drawpen.text(((width - font_width) / number,(height - font_height) / number),text = text,font = font,fill = fontcolor)
    if draw_line:
        random_line(drawpen,width,height)
        random_point(drawpen,width,height)
    # image = image.transform((width + 20,height + 20),Image.AFFINE,(1,-0.3,0,-0.1,1,0),Image.BILINEAR)    #建立扭曲
    # image = image.filter(ImageFilter.EDGE_ENHANCE_MORE)    #扭曲,邊界加強
    image.save(path)
    os.startfile(path)

6.呼叫

if __name__ == "__main__":
    get_code()

最後

完整程式碼:(有後續補充的 詳細註釋)
https://download.csdn.net/download/weixin_45386875/15158218

其他python應用例項見:https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_45386875/article/details/113766276