shell指令碼程式設計基礎(練習)
阿新 • • 發佈：2021-02-18
技術標籤：Q&A、筆記、練習linux
- shell程式設計指令碼
1、編寫指令碼systeminfo.sh，顯示當前主機系統資訊，包括主機名，IPv4地址，作業系統版本，核心版本，CPU型號，記憶體大小，硬碟大小#!/bin/bash COLOR="\033[32m" COLOREND="\033[0m" echo -e "The hostname is $COLOR `hostname` $COLOREND" echo -e "IPv4 address is $COLOR `ifconfig ens33|egrep-o '[0-9.]{7,15}'|head -1` $COLOREND" echo -e "OS Version is $COLOR `cat /etc/redhat-release` $COLOREND" echo -e "Kernel Version is $COLOR `uname -r` $COLOREND" echo -e "CPU type is $COLOR `lscpu|grep 'Model name'|cut -d: -f2|tr -s ' '` $COLOREND" echo -e "Disk space is $COLOR`lsblk|grep disk|head -1|tr -s ' '|cut -d' ' -f4` $COLOREND" echo -e "Memory size is $COLOR `free -h|grep Mem|tr -s ' '|cut -d' ' -f2` $COLOREND" unset COLOR COLOREND
2、編寫指令碼backu.sh，可實現每日將/etc/目錄備份到/backup/etcYYYY-mm-dd中
3、編寫指令碼disk.sh，顯示當前硬碟分割槽中空間利用率最大的值#!/bin/bash mkdir backup echo "start backup!" sleep 2 cp -av /etc /backup/etc`date +%F` echo "finished!"#!/bin/bash COLOR="\033[$[RANDOM%7+31]m" COLOREND="\033[0m" echo "The maximum utilization value in the disk space is ：" echo -e "$COLOR `df -h|tr -s ' '|cut -d ' ' -f5|sort -nr|head -1` $COLOREND"
4、編寫指令碼links.sh，顯示正連線主機的每個遠端主機的IPv4地址和連線數，並按連線數從大到小排序#!/bin/bash COLOR="\e[1;35m" COLOREND="\e[0m" echo -e "$COLOR `netstat -tan|grep 'ESTAB'|tr -s ' '| cut -d' ' -f6|sort -nr` $COLOR"
- 算術邏輯運算和條件測試
1、編寫指令碼sumid.sh，計算/etc/passwd檔案中的第10個使用者和第20個使用者的UID之和
2、編寫指令碼sumspace.sh，傳遞兩個檔案路徑作為引數給指令碼，計算這兩個檔案中所有空白行之和#!/bin/bash Uid10=`cat /etc/passwd|head -10|tail -1|cut -d: -f3` Uid20=`cat /etc/passwd|head -20|tail -1|cut -d: -f3` sum=$[Uid10+Uid20] echo $sum
3、編寫指令碼sumfile.sh，統計/etc，/var，/usr目錄中總共多少個一級子目錄和檔案#!/bin/bash read -p "input the first fileName:" f1 read -p "input the sencond fileName:" f2 sum1=`cat $f1 | grep "^$" | wc -l` sum2=`cat $f2 | grep "^$" | wc -l` let sum=$[sum1+sum2] echo FirstFileName is $f1 echo SencondFileName is $f2 echo FileNum is $sum
4、若硬碟空間利用率超過80%則列印告警資訊，反之列印正常資訊#!/bin/bash read -p "input the first direction " d1 read -p "input the two direction " d2 read -p "input the direction " d3 num1=`ls -l $d1 | egrep "(^d.*)|(^-.*)" | wc -l` num2=`ls -l $d2 | egrep "(^d.*)|(^-.*)" | wc -l` num3=`ls -l $d3 | egrep "(^d.*)|(^-.*)" | wc -l` let sum=$[num1+num2+num3] echo $sum#!/bin/bash NORMAL=80 COLOR="\033[31m" COLOREND="\033[0m" WARN=`df|egrep -o ^/dev/sd[a-Z].*[0-9]+%|tr -s " " %|cut -d% -f5|sort -nr|head -1` test $WARN -ge $NORMAL && echo -e "$COLOR warning! $COLOREND" || echo "normal"
- 指令碼條件分支和安全
1、編寫指令碼createuser.sh，實現如下功能：使用一個使用者名稱作為引數，如果指定引數的使用者存在，就顯示其存在，否則新增之；顯示新增的使用者的id號等資訊
2、編寫指令碼yesorno.sh，提示使用者輸入yes或no，並判斷使用者輸入的是yes還是no，或是其他資訊#!/bin/bash read -p "please input your name :" username if [ -z $username ];then echo "please input your name again :" exit elif id $username &>/dev/null;then echo "this username is exists!" exit else useradd $username && echo "$username is created, `id $username`" fi
3、編寫指令碼filetype.sh，判斷使用者輸入檔案路徑，顯示其檔案型別（普通，目錄，連結，其他檔案型別）#!/bin/bash read -p "please input yes or no :" input case $input in Y|y) echo "you choose yes" ;; [Yy][Ee][Ss]) echo "you choose yes" ;; N|n) echo "you choose no" ;; [Nn][Oo]) echo "you choose no" ;; *) echo "please input yes or no again !" ;; esac
4、編寫指令碼checkint.sh，判斷使用者輸入的引數是否為正整數#!/bin/bash read -p "please input a file :" file [[ -z $file ]] && { echo "please input a correct file name !" ; exit ; } type=`ls -ld $file|cut -c 1` case $type in -) echo "ordinary file" ;; d) echo "Dir file" ;; l) echo "Link file" ;; *) echo "othsers" ;; esac
5、讓所有使用者的PATH環境變數的值多出一個路徑，例如：/usr/local/apache/bin#!/bin/bash read -p "please enter a positive integer :" enter [[ -z $enter ]] && { echo "please enter again !"; exit 10; } if [[ $enter =~ ^[1-9][0-9]*$ ]];then echo "right!" else echo "error!" fi
6、使用者root登入時，將命令指示符變成紅色，並自動啟用如下別名：vim /etc/profile.d/env.sh export PATH=/usr/local/apache/bin:$PATH source /etc/profile.d/env.sh
rm= ` rm -i `
cdnet= `cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts`
editnet= `vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0`
editnet= `vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eno16777736或ifcfg-ens33` （如果系統是CentOS7）
7、任意使用者登入系統時，顯示紅色字型的警示提醒資訊“Hi，dangerous！”vim /etc/issue rm= `rm -i` cdnet= `cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/` editnet= `vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0` editnet= `vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/vim /root/reset.shifcfg-ens33`
8、編寫生成指令碼基本格式的指令碼，包括作者，聯絡方式，版本，時間，描述等vim /etc/issue \e[1;31m Hi,dangerous! \e[0m
9、編寫使用者的環境初始化指令碼reset.sh，包括別名，登入提示符，vim的設定，環境變數等vim ~/.vimrc set number set ai set cursorline set completeopt=preview,menu set enc=utf-8 syntax on set showmode set showcmd set mouse=v set ruler set hlsearch set spell spelllang=en_us filetype indent on autocmd BufNewFile *.sh exec ":call SetTitle()" func SetTitle() if expand("%:e")=='sh' call setline(1,"#!/bin/bash") call setline(2,"#") call setline(3,"#*************************************") call setline(4,"#author: Blurry") call setline(5,"#date: ".strftime("%Y-%m-%d")) call setline(6,"#description: test") call setline(7,"#*************************************") call setline(8,"# ") endif endfunc#!/bin/bash cat > /etc/profile.d/env.sh << EOF PS1="\[\e[35;47m\][\[email protected]\h \t \W]\\$\[\e[0m\]" alias cdnet="cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts" alias editnet="vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33" export PATH=/app/bin:$PATH EOF cat > ~/.vimrc << EOF set nu EOF