003、控制檔案

阿新 • • 發佈：2021-06-21

控制檔案： 1、描述了資料庫的結構和行為 2、位置在引數據檔案的control_files引數中描述 3、最少1個，最多8個 4、所有的控制檔案都是映象關係 5、控制檔案預先分配空間，可以自動增長，也可以建立新的更大的控制檔案 6、mount時讀控制檔案 7、open時一直在使用控制檔案

SQL> select name from v$controlfile;                                     --記錄的是當前例項正在使用的控制檔案
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+DATA/ora10g/controlfile/current.256.1043492187

SQL> select value from v$spparameter where name='control_files';         --二進位制引數檔案中，control_files的值記錄的控制檔案的路徑
VALUE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+DATA/ora10g/controlfile/current.256.1043492187

增加控制檔案個數

1、修改引數的值：

SQL> alter system set control_files=
  2  '+DATA/ora10g/controlfile/current.256.1043492187',
  3  '/u01/scripts/control02.ctl'
  4  scope=spfile;
System altered.

SQL> select name from v$controlfile;                                     --記錄的是當前例項正在使用的控制檔案
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+DATA/ora10g/controlfile/current.256.1043492187

SQL> select value from v$spparameter where name='control_files';         --二進位制引數檔案中，control_files的值記錄的控制檔案的路徑
VALUE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+DATA/ora10g/controlfile/current.256.1043492187
/u01/scripts/control02.ctl

2、重啟資料庫，發現無法啟動，報錯ora-00205：

SQL> startup;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area  599785472 bytes
Fixed Size                  2098112 bytes
Variable Size             167775296 bytes
Database Buffers          423624704 bytes
Redo Buffers                6287360 bytes
ORA-00205: error in identifying control file, check alert log for more info

[oracle@rac1 ~]$ oerr ora 00205
00205, 00000, "error in identifying control file, check alert log for more info"
// *Cause:  The system could not find a control file of the specified name and
//         size.
// *Action: Check that ALL control files are online and that they are the same
//         files that the system created at cold start time.

檢視alert日誌：

……
ORA-00210: cannot open the specified control file
ORA-00202: control file: '/u01/scripts/control02.ctl'
……

複製控制檔案：

--若資料檔案是儲存在檔案系統，或者Oracle版本為11g以上，則可以直接用作業系統命令複製現有的控制檔案：
-- cp +DATA/ora10g/controlfile/current.256.1043492187 /u01/scripts/control02.ctl
--但是oracle 10g asm儲存的檔案，不支援直接用作業系統命令複製，需要通過RMAN恢復的方式複製控制檔案，如下：
RMAN> restore controlfile to '/u01/scripts/control02.ctl' from '+DATA/ora10g/controlfile/current.256.1043492187';

Starting restore at 16-JUN-21
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=146 instance=ora10g1 devtype=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: copied control file copy
Finished restore at 16-JUN-21

3、修改資料庫狀態為mount：

SQL> alter database mount;
Database altered.

SQL> select name from v$controlfile;                                  --記錄的是當前例項正在使用的控制檔案            
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+DATA/ora10g/controlfile/current.256.1043492187
/u01/scripts/control02.ctl

SQL> select value from v$spparameter where name='control_files';      --二進位制引數檔案中，control_files的值記錄的控制檔案的路徑
VALUE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+DATA/ora10g/controlfile/current.256.1043492187
/u01/scripts/control02.ctl

減少控制檔案的個數

1、修改引數檔案中，控制檔案的個數

SQL> alter system set control_files=
  2  '+DATA/ora10g/controlfile/current.256.1043492187'
  3  scope=spfile;
System altered.

SQL> select value from v$spparameter where name='control_files';
VALUE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+DATA/ora10g/controlfile/current.256.1043492187

2、重啟生效

SQL> shutdown immediate;
SQL> startup mount;
SQL> select name from v$controlfile;
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+DATA/ora10g/controlfile/current.256.1043492187

SQL> select value from v$spparameter where name='control_files';
VALUE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+DATA/ora10g/controlfile/current.256.1043492187

檢視控制檔案的版本號

SQL> select CONTROLFILE_SEQUENCE# from v$database;

CONTROLFILE_SEQUENCE#
---------------------
                  662

只要資料庫是在OPEN的狀態，控制檔案的版本號就在增長，增長機制：資料庫發生變化，會先將變化寫進控制檔案，再寫進控制檔案的映象檔案，每寫一次控制檔案，版本號就增加1.

驗證控制檔案最多8個

1、修改控制檔案個數為9個

SQL> alter system set control_files=
  2  '+DATA/ora10g/controlfile/current.256.1043492187',
  3  '/u01/scripts/control02.ctl',
  4  '/u01/scripts/control03.ctl',
  5  '/u01/scripts/control04.ctl',
  6  '/u01/scripts/control05.ctl',
  7  '/u01/scripts/control06.ctl',
  8  '/u01/scripts/control07.ctl',
  9  '/u01/scripts/control08.ctl',
 10  '/u01/scripts/control09.ctl'
 11  scope=spfile;
System altered.

--檢視引數檔案記錄的個數
SQL> select value from v$spparameter where name='control_files';
VALUE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+DATA/ora10g/controlfile/current.256.1043492187
/u01/scripts/control02.ctl
/u01/scripts/control03.ctl
/u01/scripts/control04.ctl
/u01/scripts/control05.ctl
/u01/scripts/control06.ctl
/u01/scripts/control07.ctl
/u01/scripts/control08.ctl
/u01/scripts/control09.ctl
9 rows selected.

RMAN> shutdown immediate

2、複製控制檔案

--若資料檔案是儲存在檔案系統，或者Oracle版本為11g以上，則可以直接用作業系統命令複製現有的控制檔案：
-- cp +DATA/ora10g/controlfile/current.256.1043492187 /u01/scripts/control02.ctl
--但是oracle 10g asm儲存的檔案，不支援直接用作業系統命令複製，需要通過RMAN恢復的方式複製控制檔案，如下：
RMAN> startup nomount

RMAN> restore controlfile to '/u01/scripts/control02.ctl' from '+DATA/ora10g/controlfile/current.256.1043492187';

Starting restore at 16-JUN-21
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=146 instance=ora10g1 devtype=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: copied control file copy
Finished restore at 16-JUN-21
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ cp /u01/scripts/control02.ctl /u01/scripts/control03.ctl
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ cp /u01/scripts/control02.ctl /u01/scripts/control04.ctl
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ cp /u01/scripts/control02.ctl /u01/scripts/control05.ctl
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ cp /u01/scripts/control02.ctl /u01/scripts/control06.ctl
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ cp /u01/scripts/control02.ctl /u01/scripts/control07.ctl
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ cp /u01/scripts/control02.ctl /u01/scripts/control08.ctl
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ cp /u01/scripts/control02.ctl /u01/scripts/control09.ctl

3、修改資料庫狀態為mount，並檢視報錯：

SQL> alter database mount;
alter database mount
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-03113: end-of-file on communication channel

檢視alert日誌：

……
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/admin/ora10g/bdump/ora10g1_ckpt_1980.trc:
ORA-00208: number of control file names exceeds limit of 8
……
Shutting down instance (abort)
License high water mark = 4
Wed Jun 16 21:48:54 CST 2021
Instance terminated by CKPT, pid = 1980
Wed Jun 16 21:48:58 CST 2021
Instance terminated by USER, pid = 12271

說明控制檔案個數最多為8個。 4、修改引數，將control_files引數記錄的個數修改為少於8個

SQL> startup nomount
SQL> select value from v$spparameter where name='control_files';
VALUE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
……
9 rows selected.
--查詢，可以直接修改control_files引數
--或者修改文字的引數檔案，並轉化成spfile

修改文字的引數檔案：

SQL> show parameter spfile                                  
NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
spfile                               string      /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0
                                                 /db_1/dbs/spfileora10g1.ora
SQL> create pfile='/u01/scripts/initora10g1.ora' from spfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/spfileora10g1.ora';
File created.

[oracle@rac1 ~]$ vi /u01/scripts/initora10g1.ora
……
*.control_files='+DATA/ora10g/controlfile/current.256.1043492187'
……

SQL> create spfile='+data/ora10g/spfileora10g.ora' from pfile='/u01/scripts/initora10g1.ora';
File created.

[oracle@rac1 bdump]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
[oracle@rac1 dbs]$ rm spfileora10g1.ora

5、重新啟動資料庫：

SQL> shutdown immediate
SQL> startup
SQL> show parameter spfile
NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
spfile                               string      +DATA/ora10g/spfileora10g.ora
SQL> select name from v$controlfile;
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+DATA/ora10g/controlfile/current.256.1043492187

SQL> select value from v$spparameter where name='control_files';
VALUE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+DATA/ora10g/controlfile/current.256.1043492187

建立控制檔案

1、產生建立控制檔案的指令碼到udump目錄：

SQL> alter database backup controlfile to trace;
Database altered.
--檔名為sid_ora_pid.trc
--檢視當前會話的程序號：
SQL> select spid from v$process where addr=(
  2    select paddr from v$session where sid=(
  3      select sid from v$mystat where rownum=1));
SPID
------------
20503

SQL> show parameter dump;
NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
background_core_dump                 string      partial
background_dump_dest                 string      /u01/app/oracle/admin/ora10g/bdump
core_dump_dest                       string      /u01/app/oracle/admin/ora10g/cdump
max_dump_file_size                   string      UNLIMITED
shadow_core_dump                     string      partial
user_dump_dest                       string      /u01/app/oracle/admin/ora10g/udump

2、產生建立控制檔案的指令碼到指定目錄：

--SQL> alter database backup controlfile to trace as '/u01/scripts/createcontrolfile.txt' reuse; --reuse代表覆蓋已存在的檔案
SQL> alter database backup controlfile to trace as '/u01/scripts/createcontrolfile.txt';
Database altered.

3、檢視指令碼內容：

[oracle@rac1 ~]$ vi /u01/scripts/createcontrolfile.txt
……
STARTUP NOMOUNT
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "ORA10G" NORESETLOGS  ARCHIVELOG
    MAXLOGFILES 192               --這幾個max..就是預先分配空間
    MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
    MAXDATAFILES 1024
    MAXINSTANCES 32
    MAXLOGHISTORY 292
LOGFILE
  GROUP 1 '+DATA/ora10g/onlinelog/group_1.257.1043492187'  SIZE 50M,
  GROUP 2 '+DATA/ora10g/onlinelog/group_2.258.1043492189'  SIZE 50M,
  GROUP 3 '+DATA/ora10g/onlinelog/group_3.265.1043492623'  SIZE 50M,
  GROUP 4 '+DATA/ora10g/onlinelog/group_4.266.1043492625'  SIZE 50M
-- STANDBY LOGFILE

DATAFILE
  '+DATA/ora10g/datafile/system.259.1043492191',
  '+DATA/ora10g/datafile/undotbs1.260.1043492199',
  '+DATA/ora10g/datafile/sysaux.261.1043492199',
  '+DATA/ora10g/datafile/undotbs2.263.1043492205',
  '+DATA/ora10g/datafile/users.264.1043492207',
  '+DATA/ora10g/goldengate/goldengate01.dbf'
CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
;
……
--不要忘記新增臨時檔案等內容

來自為知筆記(Wiz)