Kubernetes叢集安裝
阿新 • • 發佈：2021-06-22
一、環境介紹
| 主機名 | IP地址 |
|---|---|
| master | 192.168.0.100 |
| node1 | 192.168.0.101 |
| node2 | 192.168.0.102 |
[root@kubernetes-master /]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 8.4.2105
2、Kubernetes版本 v1.19.1
kube-apiserver v1.19.1
kube-controller-manager v1.19.1
kube-proxy v1.19.1
kube-scheduler v1.19.1
etcd 3.3.10
pause 3.1
coredns 1.3.1
二：Linux伺服器安裝及系統配置
1.1：Linux安裝注意
安裝VMware虛擬機器軟體，下載Centos映象，安裝的時候一點切記，為了使用方便，保證區域網內其他主機能訪問到我們的虛擬機器，所以這裡的網路模式我們使用橋接模式，把虛擬機器當做一個真實的物理機來使用，安裝完成之後再配置其靜態IP，配置靜態IP的方式如下。
找到檔案 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33，修改為以下配置
TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=static
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=ens33
UUID=7ab3916f-b1cf-4d45-a39f-f8a7d2447349
DEVICE=ens33
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.0.100
PREFIX=24
GATEWAY=192.168.0.1
DNS1=114.114.114.114
IPV6_PRIVACY=no
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
1.2：準備工作
更新映象源
yum -y update
由於k8s對時間的要求特別的高，所以我們必須保證叢集中的每臺機器的完全一致，時間同步命令如下：
systemctl start chronyd
伺服器檔案同步指令碼
建立指令碼: mkdir xsync
指令碼中新增一下內容
#!/bin/bash
#1 獲取輸入引數個數，如果沒有引數，直接退出
pcount=$#
if((pcount==0)); then
echo no args;
exit;
fi
#2 獲取檔名稱
p1=$1
fname=`basename $p1`
echo fname=$fname
#3 獲取上級目錄到絕對路徑
pdir=`cd -P $(dirname $p1); pwd`
echo pdir=$pdir
#4 獲取當前使用者名稱稱
user=`whoami`
host_prefix='192.168.0.'
#5 迴圈
for((host=100; host<103; host++))
do
rsync -rvl $pdir/$fname $user@$host_prefix$host:$pdir
done
1.3：關閉防火牆，開機不自啟動
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
1.4 禁用selinux
vi /etc/selinux/config
修改以下配置
SELINUX=disabled
1.5:禁用swap
註釋掉 # /dev/mapper/cl-swap swap swap defaults 0 0
1.6: 配置ipvs功能
接下來還需要確保各個節點上已經安裝了ipset軟體包
# yum -y install ipset
為了便於檢視ipvs的代理規則，最好安裝一下管理工具ipvsadm
# yum -y install ipvsadm
如果以上前提條件如果不滿足，則即使kube-proxy的配置開啟了ipvs模式，也會退回到iptables模式
新增需要載入的模組寫入指令碼檔案
cat <<EOF> /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules
#!/bin/bash
modprobe -- ip_vs
modprobe -- ip_vs_rr
modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr
modprobe -- ip_vs_sh
modprobe -- nf_conntrack_ipv4
EOF
為指令碼檔案新增執行許可權
chmod +x /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules
執行指令碼檔案
/bin/bash /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules
檢視對應的模組是否載入成功
lsmod | grep -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack_ipv4
重啟伺服器,檢查之前關閉的各種配置是否生效S
getenforce
free -m
三：Kubernetes安裝
3.1:docker安裝
切換映象源
wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo -O/etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
檢視映象源中支援的docker版本
yum list docker-ce --showduplicates
安裝
yum install docker-ce
新增配置檔案
Docker在黑預設情況下使用的Cgroup Driver為cgroupfs，而kubernetes推薦使用systemd來代替cgroupfs
mkdir /etc/docker
cat <<EOF > /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
"registry-mirrors": ["https://kn0t2bca.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF
啟動docker
# 啟動docker
systemctl start docker
# 開機啟動
systemctl enable docker
安裝Kubernetes元件 由於Kubernetes的映象源在國外，速度比較慢，這裡切換成國內的映象源 編輯/etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo，新增下面的配置
cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF
安裝kubeadm,kubelet和kubectl
yum -y install kubeadm-1.19.1 kubectl-1.19.1 kubelet-1.19.1
更換版本
yum remove kubeadm.x86_64 kubectl.x86_64 kubelet.x86_64 -y
配置kubelet的cgroup
# 編輯/etc/sysconfig/kubelet，新增下面的配置
KUBELET_CGROUP_ARGS="--cgroup-driver=systemd"
KUBE_PROXY_MODE="ipvs"
設定kubelet開機自啟
systemctl enable kubelet
初始化叢集
在master 上操作
# 由於預設拉取映象地址 k8s.gcr.io 國內無法訪問，這裡指定阿里雲映象倉庫地址
# apiserver-advertise-address 需要寫自己的ip
kubeadm init \
--apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.0.100 \
--image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers \
--kubernetes-version=v1.19.1 \
--pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \
--service-cidr=10.96.0.0/12
#使用 kubectl 工具
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
加入master指令，在執行完kubeadm init 之後會自動在控制檯列印
kubeadm join 192.168.0.100:6443 --token awk15p.t6bamck54w69u4s8 \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:a94fa09562466d32d29523ab6cff122186f1127599fa4dcd5fa0152694f17117
然後我們需要將node 節點加入叢集中，在 node 伺服器 上執行上述紅框的命令加入到master，執行完畢後可在master節點檢視，指令如下
kubectl get nodes
安裝網路外掛，只在master節點操作即可
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
由於外網不好訪問，如果出現無法訪問的情況，可以直接用下面的 記得檔名是kube-flannel.yml，位置：/root/
kube-flannel.yml內容
apiVersion: policy/v1beta1
kind: PodSecurityPolicy
metadata:
name: psp.flannel.unprivileged
annotations:
seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: docker/default
seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: docker/default
apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: runtime/default
apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: runtime/default
spec:
privileged: false
volumes:
- configMap
- secret
- emptyDir
- hostPath
allowedHostPaths:
- pathPrefix: "/etc/cni/net.d"
- pathPrefix: "/etc/kube-flannel"
- pathPrefix: "/run/flannel"
readOnlyRootFilesystem: false
# Users and groups
runAsUser:
rule: RunAsAny
supplementalGroups:
rule: RunAsAny
fsGroup:
rule: RunAsAny
# Privilege Escalation
allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
defaultAllowPrivilegeEscalation: false
# Capabilities
allowedCapabilities: ['NET_ADMIN']
defaultAddCapabilities: []
requiredDropCapabilities: []
# Host namespaces
hostPID: false
hostIPC: false
hostNetwork: true
hostPorts:
- min: 0
max: 65535
# SELinux
seLinux:
# SELinux is unused in CaaSP
rule: 'RunAsAny'
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
name: flannel
rules:
- apiGroups: ['extensions']
resources: ['podsecuritypolicies']
verbs: ['use']
resourceNames: ['psp.flannel.unprivileged']
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- pods
verbs:
- get
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes
verbs:
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes/status
verbs:
- patch
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
name: flannel
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: flannel
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: flannel
namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: flannel
namespace: kube-system
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
data:
cni-conf.json: |
{
"name": "cbr0",
"cniVersion": "0.3.1",
"plugins": [
{
"type": "flannel",
"delegate": {
"hairpinMode": true,
"isDefaultGateway": true
}
},
{
"type": "portmap",
"capabilities": {
"portMappings": true
}
}
]
}
net-conf.json: |
{
"Network": "10.244.0.0/16",
"Backend": {
"Type": "vxlan"
}
}
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-ds-amd64
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: flannel
template:
metadata:
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
affinity:
nodeAffinity:
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
nodeSelectorTerms:
- matchExpressions:
- key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
operator: In
values:
- linux
- key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
operator: In
values:
- amd64
hostNetwork: true
tolerations:
- operator: Exists
effect: NoSchedule
serviceAccountName: flannel
initContainers:
- name: install-cni
image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.12.0-amd64
command:
- cp
args:
- -f
- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
volumeMounts:
- name: cni
mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
containers:
- name: kube-flannel
image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.12.0-amd64
command:
- /opt/bin/flanneld
args:
- --ip-masq
- --kube-subnet-mgr
resources:
requests:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
limits:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
securityContext:
privileged: false
capabilities:
add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
volumeMounts:
- name: run
mountPath: /run/flannel
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
volumes:
- name: run
hostPath:
path: /run/flannel
- name: cni
hostPath:
path: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
configMap:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-ds-arm64
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: flannel
template:
metadata:
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
affinity:
nodeAffinity:
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
nodeSelectorTerms:
- matchExpressions:
- key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
operator: In
values:
- linux
- key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
operator: In
values:
- arm64
hostNetwork: true
tolerations:
- operator: Exists
effect: NoSchedule
serviceAccountName: flannel
initContainers:
- name: install-cni
image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.12.0-arm64
command:
- cp
args:
- -f
- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
volumeMounts:
- name: cni
mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
containers:
- name: kube-flannel
image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.12.0-arm64
command:
- /opt/bin/flanneld
args:
- --ip-masq
- --kube-subnet-mgr
resources:
requests:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
limits:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
securityContext:
privileged: false
capabilities:
add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
volumeMounts:
- name: run
mountPath: /run/flannel
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
volumes:
- name: run
hostPath:
path: /run/flannel
- name: cni
hostPath:
path: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
configMap:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-ds-arm
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: flannel
template:
metadata:
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
affinity:
nodeAffinity:
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
nodeSelectorTerms:
- matchExpressions:
- key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
operator: In
values:
- linux
- key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
operator: In
values:
- arm
hostNetwork: true
tolerations:
- operator: Exists
effect: NoSchedule
serviceAccountName: flannel
initContainers:
- name: install-cni
image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.12.0-arm
command:
- cp
args:
- -f
- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
volumeMounts:
- name: cni
mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
containers:
- name: kube-flannel
image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.12.0-arm
command:
- /opt/bin/flanneld
args:
- --ip-masq
- --kube-subnet-mgr
resources:
requests:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
limits:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
securityContext:
privileged: false
capabilities:
add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
volumeMounts:
- name: run
mountPath: /run/flannel
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
volumes:
- name: run
hostPath:
path: /run/flannel
- name: cni
hostPath:
path: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
configMap:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-ds-ppc64le
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: flannel
template:
metadata:
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
affinity:
nodeAffinity:
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
nodeSelectorTerms:
- matchExpressions:
- key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
operator: In
values:
- linux
- key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
operator: In
values:
- ppc64le
hostNetwork: true
tolerations:
- operator: Exists
effect: NoSchedule
serviceAccountName: flannel
initContainers:
- name: install-cni
image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.12.0-ppc64le
command:
- cp
args:
- -f
- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
volumeMounts:
- name: cni
mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
containers:
- name: kube-flannel
image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.12.0-ppc64le
command:
- /opt/bin/flanneld
args:
- --ip-masq
- --kube-subnet-mgr
resources:
requests:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
limits:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
securityContext:
privileged: false
capabilities:
add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
volumeMounts:
- name: run
mountPath: /run/flannel
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
volumes:
- name: run
hostPath:
path: /run/flannel
- name: cni
hostPath:
path: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
configMap:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-ds-s390x
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: flannel
template:
metadata:
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
affinity:
nodeAffinity:
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
nodeSelectorTerms:
- matchExpressions:
- key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
operator: In
values:
- linux
- key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
operator: In
values:
- s390x
hostNetwork: true
tolerations:
- operator: Exists
effect: NoSchedule
serviceAccountName: flannel
initContainers:
- name: install-cni
image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.12.0-s390x
command:
- cp
args:
- -f
- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
volumeMounts:
- name: cni
mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
containers:
- name: kube-flannel
image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.12.0-s390x
command:
- /opt/bin/flanneld
args:
- --ip-masq
- --kube-subnet-mgr
resources:
requests:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
limits:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
securityContext:
privileged: false
capabilities:
add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
volumeMounts:
- name: run
mountPath: /run/flannel
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
volumes:
- name: run
hostPath:
path: /run/flannel
- name: cni
hostPath:
path: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
configMap:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
使用配置檔案啟動fannel
kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml
等待它安裝完畢 發現已經是 叢集的狀態已經是Ready
四：叢集測試
建立一個nginx服務
kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx:1.14-alpine
暴露埠
kubectl expose deploy nginx --port=80 --target-port=80 --type=NodePort
檢視服務
kubectl get svc 或者 kubectl get service
檢視pod
kubectl get pod
瀏覽器測試，叢集的每個節點都可以訪問