1. 程式人生 > 其它 >淺析C語言定義時賦值、定義後賦值、定義時不賦值

淺析C語言定義時賦值、定義後賦值、定義時不賦值

引言

其實在我看來定義一個變數後再賦值和定義的時候直接初始化應該是一個意思,現在就來驗證一下,之前貌似驗證過是一致的,但是我需要留下證據。

code

型別 內容
定義時賦值 #include <stdio.h> int main(){ int a = 10; return 0;}
定義後賦值 #include <stdio.h> int main(){ int a; a = 10; return 0;}
定義不賦值 #include <stdio.h> int main(){ int a; return 0;}

預編譯

gcc -E -I./inc *.c -o *.i

這裡都是一樣的,由於比較長就不展示了。*表示對應的各個檔案,這裡用這個符號表示而已。

編譯

gcc -S -I./inc *.c -o *.s

定義時賦值

	.file	"yubian.c"
	.text
	.globl	main
	.type	main, @function
main:
.LFB0:
	.cfi_startproc
	pushq	%rbp //將呼叫這個函式的函式的棧幀的底部棧指標存進本函式棧幀。用於恢復呼叫本函式的函式。
	.cfi_def_cfa_offset 16
	.cfi_offset 6, -16
	movq	%rsp, %rbp //將棧頂指標資料賦值給棧底指標。這時進入到了新的函式棧幀。
	.cfi_def_cfa_register 6
	movl	$10, -4(%rbp) // 這裡給int c 開闢棧空間  並賦值10
	movl	$0, %eax	//返回值賦值0
	popq	%rbp	//彈出資料,放入基址暫存器中。也就是本棧幀中儲存的第一個資料:呼叫函式的棧底指標函式,用來返回,呼叫函式。
	.cfi_def_cfa 7, 8
	ret
	.cfi_endproc
.LFE0:
	.size	main, .-main
	.ident	"GCC: (Ubuntu 5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.12) 5.4.0 20160609"
	.section	.note.GNU-stack,"",@progbits

定義後賦值

	.file	"yubianyi.c"
	.text
	.globl	main
	.type	main, @function
main:
.LFB0:
	.cfi_startproc
	pushq	%rbp
	.cfi_def_cfa_offset 16
	.cfi_offset 6, -16
	movq	%rsp, %rbp
	.cfi_def_cfa_register 6
	movl	$10, -4(%rbp)
	movl	$0, %eax
	popq	%rbp
	.cfi_def_cfa 7, 8
	ret
	.cfi_endproc
.LFE0:
	.size	main, .-main
	.ident	"GCC: (Ubuntu 5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.12) 5.4.0 20160609"
	.section	.note.GNU-stack,"",@progbits

定義不賦值

	.file	"yu.c"
	.text
	.globl	main
	.type	main, @function
main:
.LFB0:
	.cfi_startproc
	pushq	%rbp
	.cfi_def_cfa_offset 16
	.cfi_offset 6, -16
	movq	%rsp, %rbp
	.cfi_def_cfa_register 6
	movl	$0, %eax
	popq	%rbp
	.cfi_def_cfa 7, 8
	ret
	.cfi_endproc
.LFE0:
	.size	main, .-main
	.ident	"GCC: (Ubuntu 5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.12) 5.4.0 20160609"
	.section	.note.GNU-stack,"",@progbits

定義直接賦值和定以後馬上賦值在這裡還是一樣的。而不賦值的時候,少了一條movl $10, -4(%rbp),這句話的含義就是這裡給int c 開闢棧空間 並賦值10。彙編以瞭解為主,目前不做深入。

彙編

彙編指令

gcc -c *.s -o *.o

檢視指令

nm *.o

wzh@ubuntu:~/cipan/ctest$ nm *.o

yubian.o:
0000000000000000 T main

yubianyi.o:
0000000000000000 T main

yu.o:
0000000000000000 T main

檢視指令

readelf -a yubianyi.o yubian.o yu.o

wzh@ubuntu:~/cipan/ctest$ readelf -a yubianyi.o yubian.o yu.o

File: yubianyi.o
ELF Header:
  Magic:   7f 45 4c 46 02 01 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 
  Class:                             ELF64
  Data:                              2's complement, little endian
  Version:                           1 (current)
  OS/ABI:                            UNIX - System V
  ABI Version:                       0
  Type:                              REL (Relocatable file)
  Machine:                           Advanced Micro Devices X86-64
  Version:                           0x1
  Entry point address:               0x0
  Start of program headers:          0 (bytes into file)
  Start of section headers:          544 (bytes into file)
  Flags:                             0x0
  Size of this header:               64 (bytes)
  Size of program headers:           0 (bytes)
  Number of program headers:         0
  Size of section headers:           64 (bytes)
  Number of section headers:         11
  Section header string table index: 8

Section Headers:
  [Nr] Name              Type             Address           Offset
       Size              EntSize          Flags  Link  Info  Align
  [ 0]                   NULL             0000000000000000  00000000
       0000000000000000  0000000000000000           0     0     0
  [ 1] .text             PROGBITS         0000000000000000  00000040
       0000000000000012  0000000000000000  AX       0     0     1
  [ 2] .data             PROGBITS         0000000000000000  00000052
       0000000000000000  0000000000000000  WA       0     0     1
  [ 3] .bss              NOBITS           0000000000000000  00000052
       0000000000000000  0000000000000000  WA       0     0     1
  [ 4] .comment          PROGBITS         0000000000000000  00000052
       0000000000000036  0000000000000001  MS       0     0     1
  [ 5] .note.GNU-stack   PROGBITS         0000000000000000  00000088
       0000000000000000  0000000000000000           0     0     1
  [ 6] .eh_frame         PROGBITS         0000000000000000  00000088
       0000000000000038  0000000000000000   A       0     0     8
  [ 7] .rela.eh_frame    RELA             0000000000000000  000001b0
       0000000000000018  0000000000000018   I       9     6     8
  [ 8] .shstrtab         STRTAB           0000000000000000  000001c8
       0000000000000054  0000000000000000           0     0     1
  [ 9] .symtab           SYMTAB           0000000000000000  000000c0
       00000000000000d8  0000000000000018          10     8     8
  [10] .strtab           STRTAB           0000000000000000  00000198
       0000000000000011  0000000000000000           0     0     1
Key to Flags:
  W (write), A (alloc), X (execute), M (merge), S (strings), l (large)
  I (info), L (link order), G (group), T (TLS), E (exclude), x (unknown)
  O (extra OS processing required) o (OS specific), p (processor specific)

There are no section groups in this file.

There are no program headers in this file.

Relocation section '.rela.eh_frame' at offset 0x1b0 contains 1 entries:
  Offset          Info           Type           Sym. Value    Sym. Name + Addend
000000000020  000200000002 R_X86_64_PC32     0000000000000000 .text + 0

The decoding of unwind sections for machine type Advanced Micro Devices X86-64 is not currently supported.

Symbol table '.symtab' contains 9 entries:
   Num:    Value          Size Type    Bind   Vis      Ndx Name
     0: 0000000000000000     0 NOTYPE  LOCAL  DEFAULT  UND 
     1: 0000000000000000     0 FILE    LOCAL  DEFAULT  ABS yubianyi.c
     2: 0000000000000000     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT    1 
     3: 0000000000000000     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT    2 
     4: 0000000000000000     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT    3 
     5: 0000000000000000     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT    5 
     6: 0000000000000000     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT    6 
     7: 0000000000000000     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT    4 
     8: 0000000000000000    18 FUNC    GLOBAL DEFAULT    1 main

No version information found in this file.

File: yubian.o
ELF Header:
  Magic:   7f 45 4c 46 02 01 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 
  Class:                             ELF64
  Data:                              2's complement, little endian
  Version:                           1 (current)
  OS/ABI:                            UNIX - System V
  ABI Version:                       0
  Type:                              REL (Relocatable file)
  Machine:                           Advanced Micro Devices X86-64
  Version:                           0x1
  Entry point address:               0x0
  Start of program headers:          0 (bytes into file)
  Start of section headers:          536 (bytes into file)
  Flags:                             0x0
  Size of this header:               64 (bytes)
  Size of program headers:           0 (bytes)
  Number of program headers:         0
  Size of section headers:           64 (bytes)
  Number of section headers:         11
  Section header string table index: 8

Section Headers:
  [Nr] Name              Type             Address           Offset
       Size              EntSize          Flags  Link  Info  Align
  [ 0]                   NULL             0000000000000000  00000000
       0000000000000000  0000000000000000           0     0     0
  [ 1] .text             PROGBITS         0000000000000000  00000040
       0000000000000012  0000000000000000  AX       0     0     1
  [ 2] .data             PROGBITS         0000000000000000  00000052
       0000000000000000  0000000000000000  WA       0     0     1
  [ 3] .bss              NOBITS           0000000000000000  00000052
       0000000000000000  0000000000000000  WA       0     0     1
  [ 4] .comment          PROGBITS         0000000000000000  00000052
       0000000000000036  0000000000000001  MS       0     0     1
  [ 5] .note.GNU-stack   PROGBITS         0000000000000000  00000088
       0000000000000000  0000000000000000           0     0     1
  [ 6] .eh_frame         PROGBITS         0000000000000000  00000088
       0000000000000038  0000000000000000   A       0     0     8
  [ 7] .rela.eh_frame    RELA             0000000000000000  000001a8
       0000000000000018  0000000000000018   I       9     6     8
  [ 8] .shstrtab         STRTAB           0000000000000000  000001c0
       0000000000000054  0000000000000000           0     0     1
  [ 9] .symtab           SYMTAB           0000000000000000  000000c0
       00000000000000d8  0000000000000018          10     8     8
  [10] .strtab           STRTAB           0000000000000000  00000198
       000000000000000f  0000000000000000           0     0     1
Key to Flags:
  W (write), A (alloc), X (execute), M (merge), S (strings), l (large)
  I (info), L (link order), G (group), T (TLS), E (exclude), x (unknown)
  O (extra OS processing required) o (OS specific), p (processor specific)

There are no section groups in this file.

There are no program headers in this file.

Relocation section '.rela.eh_frame' at offset 0x1a8 contains 1 entries:
  Offset          Info           Type           Sym. Value    Sym. Name + Addend
000000000020  000200000002 R_X86_64_PC32     0000000000000000 .text + 0

The decoding of unwind sections for machine type Advanced Micro Devices X86-64 is not currently supported.

Symbol table '.symtab' contains 9 entries:
   Num:    Value          Size Type    Bind   Vis      Ndx Name
     0: 0000000000000000     0 NOTYPE  LOCAL  DEFAULT  UND 
     1: 0000000000000000     0 FILE    LOCAL  DEFAULT  ABS yubian.c
     2: 0000000000000000     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT    1 
     3: 0000000000000000     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT    2 
     4: 0000000000000000     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT    3 
     5: 0000000000000000     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT    5 
     6: 0000000000000000     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT    6 
     7: 0000000000000000     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT    4 
     8: 0000000000000000    18 FUNC    GLOBAL DEFAULT    1 main

No version information found in this file.

File: yu.o
ELF Header:
  Magic:   7f 45 4c 46 02 01 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 
  Class:                             ELF64
  Data:                              2's complement, little endian
  Version:                           1 (current)
  OS/ABI:                            UNIX - System V
  ABI Version:                       0
  Type:                              REL (Relocatable file)
  Machine:                           Advanced Micro Devices X86-64
  Version:                           0x1
  Entry point address:               0x0
  Start of program headers:          0 (bytes into file)
  Start of section headers:          536 (bytes into file)
  Flags:                             0x0
  Size of this header:               64 (bytes)
  Size of program headers:           0 (bytes)
  Number of program headers:         0
  Size of section headers:           64 (bytes)
  Number of section headers:         11
  Section header string table index: 8

Section Headers:
  [Nr] Name              Type             Address           Offset
       Size              EntSize          Flags  Link  Info  Align
  [ 0]                   NULL             0000000000000000  00000000
       0000000000000000  0000000000000000           0     0     0
  [ 1] .text             PROGBITS         0000000000000000  00000040
       000000000000000b  0000000000000000  AX       0     0     1
  [ 2] .data             PROGBITS         0000000000000000  0000004b
       0000000000000000  0000000000000000  WA       0     0     1
  [ 3] .bss              NOBITS           0000000000000000  0000004b
       0000000000000000  0000000000000000  WA       0     0     1
  [ 4] .comment          PROGBITS         0000000000000000  0000004b
       0000000000000036  0000000000000001  MS       0     0     1
  [ 5] .note.GNU-stack   PROGBITS         0000000000000000  00000081
       0000000000000000  0000000000000000           0     0     1
  [ 6] .eh_frame         PROGBITS         0000000000000000  00000088
       0000000000000038  0000000000000000   A       0     0     8
  [ 7] .rela.eh_frame    RELA             0000000000000000  000001a8
       0000000000000018  0000000000000018   I       9     6     8
  [ 8] .shstrtab         STRTAB           0000000000000000  000001c0
       0000000000000054  0000000000000000           0     0     1
  [ 9] .symtab           SYMTAB           0000000000000000  000000c0
       00000000000000d8  0000000000000018          10     8     8
  [10] .strtab           STRTAB           0000000000000000  00000198
       000000000000000b  0000000000000000           0     0     1
Key to Flags:
  W (write), A (alloc), X (execute), M (merge), S (strings), l (large)
  I (info), L (link order), G (group), T (TLS), E (exclude), x (unknown)
  O (extra OS processing required) o (OS specific), p (processor specific)

There are no section groups in this file.

There are no program headers in this file.

Relocation section '.rela.eh_frame' at offset 0x1a8 contains 1 entries:
  Offset          Info           Type           Sym. Value    Sym. Name + Addend
000000000020  000200000002 R_X86_64_PC32     0000000000000000 .text + 0

The decoding of unwind sections for machine type Advanced Micro Devices X86-64 is not currently supported.

Symbol table '.symtab' contains 9 entries:
   Num:    Value          Size Type    Bind   Vis      Ndx Name
     0: 0000000000000000     0 NOTYPE  LOCAL  DEFAULT  UND 
     1: 0000000000000000     0 FILE    LOCAL  DEFAULT  ABS yu.c
     2: 0000000000000000     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT    1 
     3: 0000000000000000     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT    2 
     4: 0000000000000000     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT    3 
     5: 0000000000000000     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT    5 
     6: 0000000000000000     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT    6 
     7: 0000000000000000     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT    4 
     8: 0000000000000000    11 FUNC    GLOBAL DEFAULT    1 main

No version information found in this file.

定義時賦值和定義後賦值,區別就在檔案的大小不同,定以後賦值會稍微大一點。其他一致。
定義時賦值和定義時不賦值,檔案大小基本保持一致。
定義時賦值和定以後賦值的.text相同,而定義後不賦值,執行的語句會少一條,這個會在.text中體現。
這裡算是對編譯時的一個詳細說明了,其實和編譯時產生的不同基本保持一致

連結

這裡保持一致。