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springboot學習:第二天

三、日誌

1、日誌框架

小張;開發一個大型系統;

  1、System.out.println("");前期將關鍵資料列印在控制檯;去掉?寫在一個檔案?

  2、後來框架來記錄系統的一些執行時資訊;日誌框架 ; zhanglogging.jar;

  3、再後來加高大上的幾個功能?非同步模式?自動歸檔?xxxx? zhanglogging-good.jar?

  4、再後來將以前框架卸下來?換上新的框架,重新修改之前相關的API;zhanglogging-prefect.jar;

  5、JDBC---資料庫驅動;

  寫了一個統一的介面層;日誌門面(日誌的一個抽象層);logging-abstract.jar;

  給專案中匯入具體的日誌實現就行了;我們之前的日誌框架都是實現的抽象層;

市面上的日誌框架;

JUL、JCL、Jboss-logging、logback、log4j、log4j2、slf4j....

日誌門面 (日誌的抽象層)日誌實現
JCL(Jakarta Commons Logging) SLF4j(Simple Logging Facade for Java) jboss-logging Log4j JUL(java.util.logging) Log4j2 Logback

左邊選一個門面(抽象層)、右邊來選一個實現;

日誌門面: SLF4J;

日誌實現:Logback;

SpringBoot:底層是Spring框架,Spring框架預設是用JCL;

2、SLF4j使用

1、如何在系統中使用SLF4j https://www.slf4j.org

以後開發的時候,日誌記錄方法的呼叫,不應該來直接呼叫日誌的實現類,而是呼叫日誌抽象層裡面的方法;

給系統裡面匯入slf4j的jar和 logback的實現jar

詳細參考:

logger(七)、springBoot的日誌原始碼檢視(LogBack + slf4j)——配置的實際工作類Action

logger(六)、springBoot的日誌原始碼檢視(LogBack + slf4j)—— ContextInitializer

logger(五)、springBoot的日誌原始碼檢視(LogBack + slf4j)——Appender

logger(四)、springBoot的日誌原始碼檢視(LogBack + slf4j)——記錄日誌

logger(三)、springBoot的日誌原始碼檢視(LogBack + slf4j)——建立Logger

logger(二)、springBoot的日誌原始碼檢視(LogBack + slf4j)——建立ILoggerFactory

logger(一)、springBoot的日誌原始碼檢視(LogBack + slf4j)——對接slf4j

springBoot的日誌配置(LogBack+slf4j)簡介 (2021-06-22 10:51)

springboot整合logback日誌快速使用 (2021-06-10 16:22)

四、Web開發

1、簡介

使用SpringBoot;

1)、建立SpringBoot應用,選中我們需要的模組;

2)、SpringBoot已經預設將這些場景配置好了,只需要在配置檔案中指定少量配置就可以執行起來

3)、自己編寫業務程式碼;

自動配置原理?

這個場景SpringBoot幫我們配置了什麼?能不能修改?能修改哪些配置?能不能擴充套件?xxx

xxxxAutoConfiguration:幫我們給容器中自動配置元件;
xxxxProperties:配置類來封裝配置檔案的內容;

2、SpringBoot對靜態資源的對映規則:

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.resources", ignoreUnknownFields = false)
public class ResourceProperties implements ResourceLoaderAware {
  //可以設定和靜態資源有關的引數,快取時間等
//預設的路徑
  private static final String[] CLASSPATH_RESOURCE_LOCATIONS = {
        "classpath:/META-INF/resources/", 
      "classpath:/resources/",   "classpath:/static/",
      "classpath:/public/"
  };

WebMvcAuotConfiguration配置類重要方法:

     //通過webjars的方式新增靜態檔案   
     @Override
public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) { if (!this.resourceProperties.isAddMappings()) { logger.debug("Default resource handling disabled"); return; } Integer cachePeriod = this.resourceProperties.getCachePeriod(); if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern("/webjars/**")) { customizeResourceHandlerRegistration( registry.addResourceHandler("/webjars/**") .addResourceLocations( "classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/") .setCachePeriod(cachePeriod)); } String staticPathPattern = this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern(); //靜態資原始檔夾對映 if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern(staticPathPattern)) { customizeResourceHandlerRegistration( registry.addResourceHandler(staticPathPattern) .addResourceLocations( this.resourceProperties.getStaticLocations()) .setCachePeriod(cachePeriod)); } } //配置歡迎頁對映 @Bean public WelcomePageHandlerMapping welcomePageHandlerMapping( ResourceProperties resourceProperties) { return new WelcomePageHandlerMapping(resourceProperties.getWelcomePage(), this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern()); } //配置喜歡的圖示 @Configuration @ConditionalOnProperty(value = "spring.mvc.favicon.enabled", matchIfMissing = true) public static class FaviconConfiguration { private final ResourceProperties resourceProperties; public FaviconConfiguration(ResourceProperties resourceProperties) { this.resourceProperties = resourceProperties; } @Bean public SimpleUrlHandlerMapping faviconHandlerMapping() { SimpleUrlHandlerMapping mapping = new SimpleUrlHandlerMapping(); mapping.setOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 1); //所有 **/favicon.ico mapping.setUrlMap(Collections.singletonMap("**/favicon.ico", faviconRequestHandler())); return mapping; } @Bean public ResourceHttpRequestHandler faviconRequestHandler() { ResourceHttpRequestHandler requestHandler = new ResourceHttpRequestHandler(); requestHandler .setLocations(this.resourceProperties.getFaviconLocations()); return requestHandler; } }

1)、所有 /webjars/** ,都去 classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/ 找資源;

webjars:以jar包的方式引入靜態資源;

請求路徑:

localhost:8080/webjars/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.js

<!--引入jquery-webjar-->在訪問的時候只需要寫webjars下面資源的名稱即可
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.webjars</groupId>
            <artifactId>jquery</artifactId>
            <version>3.3.1</version>
        </dependency>

2)、"/**" 訪問當前專案的任何資源,都去(靜態資源的資料夾)找對映

"classpath:/META-INF/resources/", 
"classpath:/resources/",
"classpath:/static/", 
"classpath:/public/" 
"/":當前專案的根路徑
不包含:templates


localhost:8080/abc === 去靜態資原始檔夾裡面找abc

3)、歡迎頁; 靜態資原始檔夾下的所有index.html頁面;被"/**"對映;

localhost:8080/ 找index頁面

踩坑:查詢預設index頁面的時候,是從上面四個預設的地址查詢到

   只有請求返回的地址才會預設在classpath:/resources/templates 下查詢

4)、所有的 **/favicon.ico 都是在靜態資原始檔下找;

3、模板引擎

JSP、Velocity、Freemarker、Thymeleaf

SpringBoot推薦的Thymeleaf;

語法更簡單,功能更強大;

1、引入thymeleaf;

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
              2.1.6
        </dependency>
      切換thymeleaf版本
    <properties>
        <thymeleaf.version>3.0.9.RELEASE</thymeleaf.version>
        <!-- 佈局功能的支援程式  thymeleaf3主程式  layout2以上版本 -->
        <!-- thymeleaf2   layout1-->
        <thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>2.2.2</thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>
     </properties>

2、Thymeleaf使用

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.thymeleaf")
public class ThymeleafProperties {

    private static final Charset DEFAULT_ENCODING = Charset.forName("UTF-8");

    private static final MimeType DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE = MimeType.valueOf("text/html");

    public static final String DEFAULT_PREFIX = "classpath:/templates/";

    public static final String DEFAULT_SUFFIX = ".html";
      //

只要我們把HTML頁面放在classpath:/templates/,thymeleaf就能自動渲染;

使用:

1、匯入thymeleaf的名稱空間

<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">

2、使用thymeleaf語法;

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>成功!</h1>
    <!--th:text 將div裡面的文字內容設定為 -->
    <div th:text="${hello}">這是顯示歡迎資訊</div>
</body>
</html>
@Controller
public class IndexController {
    @RequestMapping("/index")
    public String toIndex(Model model){
        model.addAttribute("hello","hello world!");
        return "index";
    }
}

3、語法規則

1)、th:text;改變當前元素裡面的文字內容;

th:任意html屬性;來替換原生屬性的值

2)、表示式?

Simple expressions:(表示式語法)
    Variable Expressions: ${...}:獲取變數值;OGNL;
            1)、獲取物件的屬性、呼叫方法
            2)、使用內建的基本物件:
                #ctx : the context object.
                #vars: the context variables.
                #locale : the context locale.
                #request : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletRequest object.
                #response : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletResponse object.
                #session : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpSession object.
                #servletContext : (only in Web Contexts) the ServletContext object.
                
                ${session.foo}
            3)、內建的一些工具物件:
#execInfo : information about the template being processed.
#messages : methods for obtaining externalized messages inside variables expressions, in the same way as they would be obtained using #{…} syntax.
#uris : methods for escaping parts of URLs/URIs
#conversions : methods for executing the configured conversion service (if any).
#dates : methods for java.util.Date objects: formatting, component extraction, etc.
#calendars : analogous to #dates , but for java.util.Calendar objects.
#numbers : methods for formatting numeric objects.
#strings : methods for String objects: contains, startsWith, prepending/appending, etc.
#objects : methods for objects in general.
#bools : methods for boolean evaluation.
#arrays : methods for arrays.
#lists : methods for lists.
#sets : methods for sets.
#maps : methods for maps.
#aggregates : methods for creating aggregates on arrays or collections.
#ids : methods for dealing with id attributes that might be repeated (for example, as a result of an iteration).

    Selection Variable Expressions: *{...}:選擇表示式:和${}在功能上是一樣;
        補充:配合 th:object="${session.user}:
   <div th:object="${session.user}">
    <p>Name: <span th:text="*{firstName}">Sebastian</span>.</p>
    <p>Surname: <span th:text="*{lastName}">Pepper</span>.</p>
    <p>Nationality: <span th:text="*{nationality}">Saturn</span>.</p>
    </div>
    
    Message Expressions: #{...}:獲取國際化內容
    Link URL Expressions: @{...}:定義URL;
            @{/order/process(execId=${execId},execType='FAST')}
    Fragment Expressions: ~{...}:片段引用表示式
            <div th:insert="~{commons :: main}">...</div>
            
Literals(字面量)
      Text literals: 'one text' , 'Another one!' ,…
      Number literals: 0 , 34 , 3.0 , 12.3 ,…
      Boolean literals: true , false
      Null literal: null
      Literal tokens: one , sometext , main ,…
Text operations:(文字操作)
    String concatenation: +
    Literal substitutions: |The name is ${name}|
Arithmetic operations:(數學運算)
    Binary operators: + , - , * , / , %
    Minus sign (unary operator): -
Boolean operations:(布林運算)
    Binary operators: and , or
    Boolean negation (unary operator): ! , not
Comparisons and equality:(比較運算)
    Comparators: > , < , >= , <= ( gt , lt , ge , le )
    Equality operators: == , != ( eq , ne )
Conditional operators:條件運算(三元運算子)
    If-then: (if) ? (then)
    If-then-else: (if) ? (then) : (else)
    Default: (value) ?: (defaultvalue)
Special tokens:
    No-Operation: _ 

4、SpringMVC自動配置

官方連結:https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/1.5.10.RELEASE/reference/htmlsingle/#boot-features-developing-web-applications

1. Spring MVC auto-configuration

Spring Boot 自動配置好了SpringMVC

以下是SpringBoot對SpringMVC的預設配置:(WebMvcAutoConfiguration)

  • Inclusion of ContentNegotiatingViewResolver and BeanNameViewResolver beans

    自動配置了ViewResolver(檢視解析器:根據方法的返回值得到檢視物件(View),檢視物件決定如何渲染(轉發?重定向?))

    ContentNegotiatingViewResolver:組合所有的檢視解析器的;

    如何定製:我們可以自己給容器中新增一個檢視解析器;自動的將其組合進來;

  • Support for serving static resources, including support for WebJars (see below).靜態資原始檔夾路徑,webjars
  • Static index.html support. 靜態首頁訪問
  • Custom Favicon support (see below). favicon.ico
  • 自動註冊了 of Converter, GenericConverter, Formatter beans.

    Converter:轉換器; public String hello(User user):型別轉換使用Converter

    Formatter 格式化器; 2017.12.17===Date;

        @Bean
        @ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.mvc", name = "date-format")//在檔案中配置日期格式化的規則
        public Formatter<Date> dateFormatter() {
            return new DateFormatter(this.mvcProperties.getDateFormat());//日期格式化元件
        }

自己新增的格式化器轉換器,我們只需要放在容器中即可

  • Support for HttpMessageConverters (see below).

    HttpMessageConverter:SpringMVC用來轉換Http請求和響應的;User---Json;

    HttpMessageConverters 是從容器中確定;獲取所有的HttpMessageConverter;

    自己給容器中新增HttpMessageConverter,只需要將自己的元件註冊容器中(@Bean,@Component)

  • Automatic registration of MessageCodesResolver (see below).定義錯誤程式碼生成規則
  • Automatic use of a ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer bean (see below).

  我們可以配置一個ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer來替換預設的;(新增到容器)

初始化WebDataBinder;
請求資料=====JavaBean;

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web:web的所有自動場景;

If you want to keep Spring Boot MVC features, and you just want to add additional MVC configuration (interceptors, formatters, view controllers etc.) you can add your own @Configuration class of type WebMvcConfigurerAdapter, but without @EnableWebMvc. If you wish to provide custom instances of RequestMappingHandlerMapping, RequestMappingHandlerAdapter or ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver you can declare a WebMvcRegistrationsAdapter instance providing such components.

2、擴充套件SpringMVC

 <mvc:view-controller path="/hello" view-name="success"/>
    <mvc:interceptors>
        <mvc:interceptor>
            <mvc:mapping path="/hello"/>
            <bean></bean>
        </mvc:interceptor>
    </mvc:interceptors>

編寫一個配置類(@Configuration),是WebMvcConfigurerAdapter型別;不能標註@EnableWebMvc

既保留了所有的自動配置,也能用我們擴充套件的配置;

//使用WebMvcConfigurerAdapter可以來擴充套件SpringMVC的功能
@Configuration
public class MyMvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {

    @Override
    public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
       // super.addViewControllers(registry);
        //瀏覽器傳送 /atguigu 請求來到 success
        registry.addViewController("/atguigu").setViewName("success");
    }
}

原理:

1)、WebMvcAutoConfiguration是SpringMVC的自動配置類

2)、在做其他自動配置時會匯入;@Import(EnableWebMvcConfiguration.class)

    @Configuration
    public static class EnableWebMvcConfiguration extends DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration {
      private final WebMvcConfigurerComposite configurers = new WebMvcConfigurerComposite();

     //從容器中獲取所有的WebMvcConfigurer
      @Autowired(required = false)
      public void setConfigurers(List<WebMvcConfigurer> configurers) {
          if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(configurers)) {
              this.configurers.addWebMvcConfigurers(configurers);
                //一個參考實現;將所有的WebMvcConfigurer相關配置都來一起呼叫;  
                @Override
             // public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
              //    for (WebMvcConfigurer delegate : this.delegates) {
               //       delegate.addViewControllers(registry);
               //   }
              }
          }
    }

3)、容器中所有的WebMvcConfigurer都會一起起作用;

4)、我們的配置類也會被呼叫;

效果:SpringMVC的自動配置和我們的擴充套件配置都會起作用;

3、全面接管SpringMVC;

SpringBoot對SpringMVC的自動配置不需要了,所有都是我們自己配置;所有的SpringMVC的自動配置都失效了

我們需要在配置類中新增@EnableWebMvc即可;

//使用WebMvcConfigurerAdapter可以來擴充套件SpringMVC的功能
@EnableWebMvc
@Configuration
public class MyMvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {

    @Override
    public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
       // super.addViewControllers(registry);
        //瀏覽器傳送 /atguigu 請求來到 success
        registry.addViewController("/atguigu").setViewName("success");
    }
}

原理:

為什麼@EnableWebMvc自動配置就失效了;

1)@EnableWebMvc的核心

@Import(DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration.class)
public @interface EnableWebMvc {

2)、

@Configuration
public class DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration extends WebMvcConfigurationSupport {

3)、

@Configuration
@ConditionalOnWebApplication
@ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, DispatcherServlet.class,
        WebMvcConfigurerAdapter.class })
//容器中沒有這個元件的時候,這個自動配置類才生效
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(WebMvcConfigurationSupport.class)
@AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 10)
@AutoConfigureAfter({ DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration.class,
        ValidationAutoConfiguration.class })
public class WebMvcAutoConfiguration {

4)、@EnableWebMvc將WebMvcConfigurationSupport元件匯入進來;

5)、匯入的WebMvcConfigurationSupport只是SpringMVC最基本的功能;

5、如何修改SpringBoot的預設配置

模式:

1)、SpringBoot在自動配置很多元件的時候,先看容器中有沒有使用者自己配置的(@Bean、@Component)如果有就用使用者配置的,如果沒有,才自動配置;如果有些元件可以有多個(ViewResolver)將使用者配置的和自己預設的組合起來;

2)、在SpringBoot中會有非常多的xxxConfigurer幫助我們進行擴充套件配置

3)、在SpringBoot中會有很多的xxxCustomizer幫助我們進行定製配置

6、RestfulCRUD

1)、預設訪問首頁

//使用WebMvcConfigurerAdapter可以來擴充套件SpringMVC的功能
//@EnableWebMvc   不要接管SpringMVC
@Configuration
public class MyMvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {

    @Override
    public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
       // super.addViewControllers(registry);
        //瀏覽器傳送 /atguigu 請求來到 success
        registry.addViewController("/success").setViewName("success");
    }

    //所有的WebMvcConfigurerAdapter元件都會一起起作用
    @Bean //將元件註冊在容器
    public WebMvcConfigurerAdapter webMvcConfigurerAdapter(){
        WebMvcConfigurerAdapter adapter = new WebMvcConfigurerAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
                registry.addViewController("/").setViewName("login");
                registry.addViewController("/index.html").setViewName("login");
            }
        };
        return adapter;
    }
}

2)、國際化

1)、編寫國際化配置檔案;

2)、使用ResourceBundleMessageSource管理國際化資原始檔

3)、在頁面使用fmt:message取出國際化內容

步驟:

1)、編寫國際化配置檔案,抽取頁面需要顯示的國際化訊息

2)、SpringBoot自動配置好了管理國際化資原始檔的元件;

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.messages")
public class MessageSourceAutoConfiguration {
    
    /**
     * Comma-separated list of basenames (essentially a fully-qualified classpath
     * location), each following the ResourceBundle convention with relaxed support for
     * slash based locations. If it doesn't contain a package qualifier (such as
     * "org.mypackage"), it will be resolved from the classpath root.
     */
    private String basename = "messages";  
    //我們的配置檔案可以直接放在類路徑下叫messages.properties;
    
    @Bean
    public MessageSource messageSource() {
        ResourceBundleMessageSource messageSource = new ResourceBundleMessageSource();
        if (StringUtils.hasText(this.basename)) {
            //設定國際化資原始檔的基礎名(去掉語言國家程式碼的)
            messageSource.setBasenames(StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray(
                    StringUtils.trimAllWhitespace(this.basename)));
        }
        if (this.encoding != null) {
            messageSource.setDefaultEncoding(this.encoding.name());
        }
        messageSource.setFallbackToSystemLocale(this.fallbackToSystemLocale);
        messageSource.setCacheSeconds(this.cacheSeconds);
        messageSource.setAlwaysUseMessageFormat(this.alwaysUseMessageFormat);
        return messageSource;
    }

3)、去頁面獲取國際化的值;

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en"  xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
    <head>
        <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no">
        <meta name="description" content="">
        <meta name="author" content="">
        <title>Signin Template for Bootstrap</title>
        <!-- Bootstrap core CSS -->
        <link href="asserts/css/bootstrap.min.css" th:href="@{/webjars/bootstrap/4.0.0/css/bootstrap.css}" rel="stylesheet">
        <!-- Custom styles for this template -->
        <link href="asserts/css/signin.css" th:href="@{/asserts/css/signin.css}" rel="stylesheet">
    </head>

    <body class="text-center">
        <form class="form-signin" action="dashboard.html">
            <img class="mb-4" th:src="@{/asserts/img/bootstrap-solid.svg}" src="asserts/img/bootstrap-solid.svg" alt="" width="72" height="72">
            <h1 class="h3 mb-3 font-weight-normal" th:text="#{login.tip}">Please sign in</h1>
            <label class="sr-only" th:text="#{login.username}">Username</label>
            <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Username" th:placeholder="#{login.username}" required="" autofocus="">
            <label class="sr-only" th:text="#{login.password}">Password</label>
            <input type="password" class="form-control" placeholder="Password" th:placeholder="#{login.password}" required="">
            <div class="checkbox mb-3">
                <label>
                  <input type="checkbox" value="remember-me"/> [[#{login.remember}]]
        </label>
            </div>
            <button class="btn btn-lg btn-primary btn-block" type="submit" th:text="#{login.btn}">Sign in</button>
            <p class="mt-5 mb-3 text-muted">© 2017-2018</p>
            <a class="btn btn-sm">中文</a>
            <a class="btn btn-sm">English</a>
        </form>

    </body>

</html>

效果:根據瀏覽器語言設定的資訊切換了國際化;

原理:

國際化Locale(區域資訊物件);LocaleResolver(獲取區域資訊物件);

        @Bean
        @ConditionalOnMissingBean
        @ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.mvc", name = "locale")
        public LocaleResolver localeResolver() {
            if (this.mvcProperties
                    .getLocaleResolver() == WebMvcProperties.LocaleResolver.FIXED) {
                return new FixedLocaleResolver(this.mvcProperties.getLocale());
            }
            AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver localeResolver = new AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver();
            localeResolver.setDefaultLocale(this.mvcProperties.getLocale());
            return localeResolver;
        }
//預設的就是根據請求頭帶來的區域資訊獲取Locale進行國際化

4)、點選連結切換國際化

/**
 * 可以在連線上攜帶區域資訊
 */
public class MyLocaleResolver implements LocaleResolver {
    
    @Override
    public Locale resolveLocale(HttpServletRequest request) {
        String l = request.getParameter("l");
        Locale locale = Locale.getDefault();
        if(!StringUtils.isEmpty(l)){
            String[] split = l.split("_");
            locale = new Locale(split[0],split[1]);
        }
        return locale;
    }

    @Override
    public void setLocale(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Locale locale) {

    }
}


 @Bean
    public LocaleResolver localeResolver(){
        return new MyLocaleResolver();
    }
}

3)、登陸

開發期間模板引擎頁面修改以後,要實時生效

1)、禁用模板引擎的快取

# 禁用快取
spring.thymeleaf.cache=false 

2)、頁面修改完成以後ctrl+f9:重新編譯;

登陸錯誤訊息的顯示

<p style="color: red" th:text="${msg}" th:if="${not #strings.isEmpty(msg)}"></p>

4)、攔截器進行登陸檢查

攔截器:

/**
 * 登陸檢查,
 */
public class LoginHandlerInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
    //目標方法執行之前
    @Override
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
        Object user = request.getSession().getAttribute("loginUser");
        if(user == null){
            //未登陸,返回登陸頁面
            request.setAttribute("msg","沒有許可權請先登陸");
            request.getRequestDispatcher("/index.html").forward(request,response);
            return false;
        }else{
            //已登陸,放行請求
            return true;
        }

    }

    @Override
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {

    }

    @Override
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {

    }
}

註冊攔截器

//所有的WebMvcConfigurerAdapter元件都會一起起作用
    @Bean //將元件註冊在容器
    public WebMvcConfigurerAdapter webMvcConfigurerAdapter(){
        WebMvcConfigurerAdapter adapter = new WebMvcConfigurerAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
                registry.addViewController("/").setViewName("login");
                registry.addViewController("/index.html").setViewName("login");
                registry.addViewController("/main.html").setViewName("dashboard");
            }

            //註冊攔截器
            @Override
            public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
                //super.addInterceptors(registry);
                //靜態資源;  *.css , *.js
                //SpringBoot已經做好了靜態資源對映
                registry.addInterceptor(new LoginHandlerInterceptor()).addPathPatterns("/**")
                        .excludePathPatterns("/index.html","/","/user/login");
            }
        };
        return adapter;
    }

7、錯誤處理機制

1)、SpringBoot預設的錯誤處理機制

預設效果:

1)、瀏覽器,返回一個預設的錯誤頁面

瀏覽器傳送請求的請求頭:

2)、如果是其他客戶端,預設響應一個json資料

原理:

可以參照ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration;錯誤處理的自動配置;

給容器中添加了以下元件:

1、DefaultErrorAttributes:幫我們在頁面共享資訊;

2、BasicErrorController:處理預設/error請求

3、ErrorPageCustomizer:

4、DefaultErrorViewResolver:

1、DefaultErrorAttributes:

幫我們在頁面共享資訊

    @Override
    public Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(RequestAttributes requestAttributes,
            boolean includeStackTrace) {
        Map<String, Object> errorAttributes = new LinkedHashMap<String, Object>();
        errorAttributes.put("timestamp", new Date());
        addStatus(errorAttributes, requestAttributes);
        addErrorDetails(errorAttributes, requestAttributes, includeStackTrace);
        addPath(errorAttributes, requestAttributes);
        return errorAttributes;
    }

2、BasicErrorController:

處理預設/error請求

@Controller
@RequestMapping("${server.error.path:${error.path:/error}}")
public class BasicErrorController extends AbstractErrorController {
   //產生html型別的資料;瀏覽器傳送的請求來到這個方法處理
    @RequestMapping(produces = "text/html")
    public ModelAndView errorHtml(HttpServletRequest request,
            HttpServletResponse response) {
        HttpStatus status = getStatus(request);
        Map<String, Object> model = Collections.unmodifiableMap(getErrorAttributes(
                request, isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.TEXT_HTML)));
        response.setStatus(status.value());
     //去哪個頁面作為錯誤頁面;包含頁面地址和頁面內容
        ModelAndView modelAndView = resolveErrorView(request, response, status, model);
        return (modelAndView == null ? new ModelAndView("error", model) : modelAndView);
    }
   //產生json資料,其他客戶端來到這個方法處理;
    @RequestMapping
    @ResponseBody
    public ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>> error(HttpServletRequest request) {
        Map<String, Object> body = getErrorAttributes(request,
                isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.ALL));
        HttpStatus status = getStatus(request);
        return new ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>>(body, status);
    }
...
}

3、ErrorPageCustomizer:

    //系統出現錯誤以後來到error請求進行處理;(web.xml註冊的錯誤頁面規則)
    @Value("${error.path:/error}")
    private String path = "/error";  

4、DefaultErrorViewResolver:

@Override
    public ModelAndView resolveErrorView(HttpServletRequest request, HttpStatus status,
            Map<String, Object> model) {
        ModelAndView modelAndView = resolve(String.valueOf(status), model);
        if (modelAndView == null && SERIES_VIEWS.containsKey(status.series())) {
            modelAndView = resolve(SERIES_VIEWS.get(status.series()), model);
        }
        return modelAndView;
    }

    private ModelAndView resolve(String viewName, Map<String, Object> model) {
        //預設SpringBoot可以去找到一個頁面?  error/404
        String errorViewName = "error/" + viewName;
        
        //模板引擎可以解析這個頁面地址就用模板引擎解析
        TemplateAvailabilityProvider provider = this.templateAvailabilityProviders
                .getProvider(errorViewName, this.applicationContext);
        if (provider != null) {
            //模板引擎可用的情況下返回到errorViewName指定的檢視地址
            return new ModelAndView(errorViewName, model);
        }
        //模板引擎不可用,就在靜態資原始檔夾下找errorViewName對應的頁面   error/404.html
        return resolveResource(errorViewName, model);
    }

步驟:

一但系統出現4xx或者5xx之類的錯誤;ErrorPageCustomizer就會生效(定製錯誤的響應規則);

就會來到/error請求;就會被BasicErrorController處理;

1)響應頁面;去哪個頁面是由DefaultErrorViewResolver解析得到的;

protected ModelAndView resolveErrorView(HttpServletRequest request,
      HttpServletResponse response, HttpStatus status, Map<String, Object> model) {
    //所有的ErrorViewResolver得到ModelAndView
   for (ErrorViewResolver resolver : this.errorViewResolvers) {
      ModelAndView modelAndView = resolver.resolveErrorView(request, status, model);
      if (modelAndView != null) {
         return modelAndView;
      }
   }
   return null;
}

2)、如果定製錯誤響應:

  1)、如何定製錯誤的頁面;

    1)、有模板引擎的情況下;error/狀態碼;

      【將錯誤頁面命名為 錯誤狀態碼.html 放在模板引擎資料夾裡面的 error資料夾下】,發生此狀態碼的錯誤就會來到 對應的頁面;

      我們可以使用4xx和5xx作為錯誤頁面的檔名來匹配這種型別的所有錯誤,精確優先(優先尋找精確的狀態碼.html);

      頁面能獲取的資訊;

      timestamp:時間戳

      status:狀態碼

      error:錯誤提示

      exception:異常物件

      message:異常訊息

      errors:JSR303資料校驗的錯誤都在這裡

    2)、沒有模板引擎(模板引擎找不到這個錯誤頁面),靜態資原始檔夾下找;

    3)、以上都沒有錯誤頁面,就是預設來到SpringBoot預設的錯誤提示頁面;

2)、如何定製錯誤的json資料;

  1)、自定義異常處理&返回定製json資料;

//自定義異常
public class UserNotExistException extends RuntimeException {
    public UserNotExistException(){super("使用者不存在");}
}
@ControllerAdvice
public class MyExceptionHandler {

    @ResponseBody
    @ExceptionHandler(UserNotExistException.class)
    public Map<String,Object> handleException(Exception e){
        Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
        map.put("code","user.notexist");
        map.put("message",e.getMessage());
        return map;
    }
}
//沒有自適應效果...

2)、轉發到/error進行自適應響應效果處理

 @ExceptionHandler(UserNotExistException.class)
    public String handleException(Exception e, HttpServletRequest request){
        Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
        //傳入我們自己的錯誤狀態碼  4xx 5xx,否則就不會進入定製錯誤頁面的解析流程
        /**
         * Integer statusCode = (Integer) request
         .getAttribute("javax.servlet.error.status_code");
         */
        request.setAttribute("javax.servlet.error.status_code",500);
        map.put("code","user.notexist");
        map.put("message",e.getMessage());
        //轉發到/error
        return "forward:/error";
    }

3)、將我們的定製資料攜帶出去;

出現錯誤以後,會來到/error請求,會被BasicErrorController處理,響應出去可以獲取的資料是由getErrorAttributes得到的(是AbstractErrorController(ErrorController)規定的方法);

1、完全來編寫一個ErrorController的實現類【或者是編寫AbstractErrorController的子類】,放在容器中;

2、頁面上能用的資料,或者是json返回能用的資料都是通過errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes得到;

容器中DefaultErrorAttributes.getErrorAttributes();預設進行資料處理的;

自定義ErrorAttributes

//給容器中加入我們自己定義的ErrorAttributes
@Component
public class MyErrorAttributes extends DefaultErrorAttributes {

    @Override
    public Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(RequestAttributes requestAttributes, boolean includeStackTrace) {
        Map<String, Object> map = super.getErrorAttributes(requestAttributes, includeStackTrace);
        map.put("company","atguigu");
        return map;
    }
}

最終的效果:響應是自適應的,可以通過定製ErrorAttributes改變需要返回的內容,

8、配置嵌入式Servlet容器

SpringBoot預設使用Tomcat作為嵌入式的Servlet容器;

1)、如何定製和修改Servlet容器的相關配置;

1、修改和server有關的配置(ServerProperties【也是EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer】);

server.port=8081
server.context-path=/crud

server.tomcat.uri-encoding=UTF-8

//通用的Servlet容器設定
server.xxx
//Tomcat的設定
server.tomcat.xxx

2、編寫一個EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer:嵌入式的Servlet容器的定製器;來修改Servlet容器的配置

@Bean  //一定要將這個定製器加入到容器中
public EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer embeddedServletContainerCustomizer(){
    return new EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer() {

        //定製嵌入式的Servlet容器相關的規則
        @Override
        public void customize(ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer container) {
            container.setPort(8083);
        }
    };
}

2)、註冊Servlet三大元件【Servlet、Filter、Listener】

由於SpringBoot預設是以jar包的方式啟動嵌入式的Servlet容器來啟動SpringBoot的web應用,沒有web.xml檔案。

註冊三大元件用以下方式:

public class MyServlet extends HttpServlet {

    //處理get請求
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(req,resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        resp.getWriter().write("Hello MyServlet");
    }
}
public class MyFilter implements Filter {

    @Override
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {

    }

    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        System.out.println("MyFilter process...");
        chain.doFilter(request,response);

    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() {

    }
}
public class MyListener implements ServletContextListener {
    @Override
    public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce) {
        System.out.println("contextInitialized...web應用啟動");
    }

    @Override
    public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent sce) {
        System.out.println("contextDestroyed...當前web專案銷燬");
    }
}

ServletRegistrationBean

FilterRegistrationBean

ServletListenerRegistrationBean

@Configuration
public class MyServerConfig {

    //註冊三大元件
    @Bean
    public ServletRegistrationBean myServlet(){
        ServletRegistrationBean registrationBean = new ServletRegistrationBean(new MyServlet(),"/myServlet");
        registrationBean.setLoadOnStartup(1);
        return registrationBean;
    }

    @Bean
    public FilterRegistrationBean myFilter(){
        FilterRegistrationBean registrationBean = new FilterRegistrationBean();
        registrationBean.setFilter(new MyFilter());
        registrationBean.setUrlPatterns(Arrays.asList("/hello","/myServlet"));
        return registrationBean;
    }

    @Bean
    public ServletListenerRegistrationBean myListener(){
        ServletListenerRegistrationBean<MyListener> registrationBean = new ServletListenerRegistrationBean<>(new MyListener());
        return registrationBean;
    }


    //配置嵌入式的Servlet容器
    @Bean
    public EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer embeddedServletContainerCustomizer(){
        return new EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer() {

            //定製嵌入式的Servlet容器相關的規則
            @Override
            public void customize(ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer container) {
                container.setPort(8083);
            }
        };
    }

}

SpringBoot幫我們自動配置SpringMVC的時候,自動的註冊SpringMVC的前端控制器;DIspatcherServlet;

DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration中:

@Bean(name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_REGISTRATION_BEAN_NAME)
@ConditionalOnBean(value = DispatcherServlet.class, name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME)
public ServletRegistrationBean dispatcherServletRegistration(
      DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet) {
   ServletRegistrationBean registration = new ServletRegistrationBean(
         dispatcherServlet, this.serverProperties.getServletMapping());
    //預設攔截: /  所有請求;包靜態資源,但是不攔截jsp請求;   /*會攔截jsp
    //可以通過server.servletPath來修改SpringMVC前端控制器預設攔截的請求路徑
    
   registration.setName(DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME);
   registration.setLoadOnStartup(
         this.webMvcProperties.getServlet().getLoadOnStartup());
   if (this.multipartConfig != null) {
      registration.setMultipartConfig(this.multipartConfig);
   }
   return registration;
}

3)、替換為其他嵌入式Servlet容器

<dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
   引入web模組預設就是使用嵌入式的Tomcat作為Servlet容器;
</dependency>

jetty

<!-- 引入web模組 -->
<dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
   <exclusions>
      <exclusion>
         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      </exclusion>
   </exclusions>
</dependency>

<!--引入其他的Servlet容器-->
<dependency>
   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId>
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
</dependency>

Undertow

<!-- 引入web模組 -->
<dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
   <exclusions>
      <exclusion>
         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      </exclusion>
   </exclusions>
</dependency>

<!--引入其他的Servlet容器-->
<dependency>
   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-undertow</artifactId>
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
</dependency>

4)、嵌入式Servlet容器自動配置原理;

EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration:嵌入式的Servlet容器自動配置?

@AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnWebApplication
@Import(BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar.class)
//匯入BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar:Spring註解版;給容器中匯入一些元件
//匯入了EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor:
//後置處理器:bean初始化前後(建立完物件,還沒賦值賦值)執行初始化工作
public class EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration {
    
    @Configuration
    @ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Tomcat.class })//判斷當前是否引入了Tomcat依賴;
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
//判斷當前容器沒有使用者自己定義EmbeddedServletContainerFactory:嵌入式的Servlet容器工廠;作用:建立嵌入式的Servlet容器 public static class EmbeddedTomcat { @Bean public TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory tomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() { return new TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory(); } } /** * Nested configuration if Jetty is being used. */ @Configuration @ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Server.class, Loader.class, WebAppContext.class }) @ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT) public static class EmbeddedJetty { @Bean public JettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory jettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() { return new JettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory(); } } /** * Nested configuration if Undertow is being used. */ @Configuration @ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Undertow.class, SslClientAuthMode.class }) @ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT) public static class EmbeddedUndertow { @Bean public UndertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory undertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() { return new UndertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory(); } }

1)、EmbeddedServletContainerFactory(嵌入式Servlet容器工廠)

public interface EmbeddedServletContainerFactory {

   //獲取嵌入式的Servlet容器
   EmbeddedServletContainer getEmbeddedServletContainer(
         ServletContextInitializer... initializers);

}

2)、EmbeddedServletContainer:(嵌入式的Servlet容器)

3)、以TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory為例

@Override
public EmbeddedServletContainer getEmbeddedServletContainer(
      ServletContextInitializer... initializers) {
    //建立一個Tomcat
   Tomcat tomcat = new Tomcat();
    
    //配置Tomcat的基本環節
   File baseDir = (this.baseDirectory != null ? this.baseDirectory
         : createTempDir("tomcat"));
   tomcat.setBaseDir(baseDir.getAbsolutePath());
   Connector connector = new Connector(this.protocol);
   tomcat.getService().addConnector(connector);
   customizeConnector(connector);
   tomcat.setConnector(connector);
   tomcat.getHost().setAutoDeploy(false);
   configureEngine(tomcat.getEngine());
   for (Connector additionalConnector : this.additionalTomcatConnectors) {
      tomcat.getService().addConnector(additionalConnector);
   }
   prepareContext(tomcat.getHost(), initializers);
    
    //將配置好的Tomcat傳入進去,返回一個EmbeddedServletContainer;並且啟動Tomcat伺服器
   return getTomcatEmbeddedServletContainer(tomcat);
}

4)、我們對嵌入式容器的配置修改是怎麼生效?

ServerProperties、EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer

EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer:定製器幫我們修改了Servlet容器的配置?

怎麼修改的原理?

5)、容器中匯入了EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor

//初始化之前
@Override
public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName)
      throws BeansException {
    //如果當前初始化的是一個ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer型別的元件
   if (bean instanceof ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer) {
       //
      postProcessBeforeInitialization((ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer) bean);
   }
   return bean;
}

private void postProcessBeforeInitialization(
            ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer bean) {
    //獲取所有的定製器,呼叫每一個定製器的customize方法來給Servlet容器進行屬性賦值;
    for (EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer customizer : getCustomizers()) {
        customizer.customize(bean);
    }
}

private Collection<EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer> getCustomizers() {
    if (this.customizers == null) {
        // Look up does not include the parent context
        this.customizers = new ArrayList<EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer>(
            this.beanFactory
            //從容器中獲取所有這型別的元件:EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer
            //定製Servlet容器,給容器中可以新增一個EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer型別的元件
            .getBeansOfType(EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer.class,
                            false, false)
            .values());
        Collections.sort(this.customizers, AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.INSTANCE);
        this.customizers = Collections.unmodifiableList(this.customizers);
    }
    return this.customizers;
}

//ServerProperties也是定製器

步驟:

1)、SpringBoot根據匯入的依賴情況,給容器中新增相應的EmbeddedServletContainerFactory【TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory】

2)、容器中某個元件要建立物件就會驚動後置處理器;EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor;

  只要是嵌入式的Servlet容器工廠,後置處理器就工作;

3)、後置處理器,從容器中獲取所有的EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer,呼叫定製器的定製方法

5)、嵌入式Servlet容器啟動原理;

什麼時候建立嵌入式的Servlet容器工廠?什麼時候獲取嵌入式的Servlet容器並啟動Tomcat;

獲取嵌入式的Servlet容器工廠:

1)、SpringBoot應用啟動執行run方法

2)、refreshContext(context);SpringBoot重新整理IOC容器【建立IOC容器物件,並初始化容器,建立容器中的每一個元件】;如果是web應用建立AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext,否則:AnnotationConfigApplicationContext

3)、refresh(context);重新整理剛才建立好的ioc容器;

public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException {
   synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) {
      // Prepare this context for refreshing.
      prepareRefresh();

      // Tell the subclass to refresh the internal bean factory.
      ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory();

      // Prepare the bean factory for use in this context.
      prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory);

      try {
         // Allows post-processing of the bean factory in context subclasses.
         postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);

         // Invoke factory processors registered as beans in the context.
         invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);

         // Register bean processors that intercept bean creation.
         registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory);

         // Initialize message source for this context.
         initMessageSource();

         // Initialize event multicaster for this context.
         initApplicationEventMulticaster();

         // Initialize other special beans in specific context subclasses.
         onRefresh();

         // Check for listener beans and register them.
         registerListeners();

         // Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons.
         finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);

         // Last step: publish corresponding event.
         finishRefresh();
      }

      catch (BeansException ex) {
         if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
            logger.warn("Exception encountered during context initialization - " +
                  "cancelling refresh attempt: " + ex);
         }

         // Destroy already created singletons to avoid dangling resources.
         destroyBeans();

         // Reset 'active' flag.
         cancelRefresh(ex);

         // Propagate exception to caller.
         throw ex;
      }

      finally {
         // Reset common introspection caches in Spring's core, since we
         // might not ever need metadata for singleton beans anymore...
         resetCommonCaches();
      }
   }
}

4)、 onRefresh(); web的ioc容器重寫了onRefresh方法

5)、webioc容器會建立嵌入式的Servlet容器;createEmbeddedServletContainer();

6)、獲取嵌入式的Servlet容器工廠:

EmbeddedServletContainerFactory containerFactory = getEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();

從ioc容器中獲取EmbeddedServletContainerFactory 元件;TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory建立物件,後置處理器一看是這個物件,就獲取所有的定製器來先定製Servlet容器的相關配置;

7)、使用容器工廠獲取嵌入式的Servlet容器:this.embeddedServletContainer = containerFactory .getEmbeddedServletContainer(getSelfInitializer());

8)、嵌入式的Servlet容器建立物件並啟動Servlet容器;

先啟動嵌入式的Servlet容器,再將ioc容器中剩下沒有創建出的物件獲取出來;

IOC容器啟動建立嵌入式的Servlet容器

9、使用外接的Servlet容器

嵌入式Servlet容器:應用打成可執行的jar

優點:簡單、便攜;

缺點:預設不支援JSP、優化定製比較複雜(使用定製器【ServerProperties、自定義EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer】,自己編寫嵌入式Servlet容器的建立工廠【EmbeddedServletContainerFactory】);

外接的Servlet容器:外面安裝Tomcat---應用war包的方式打包;

步驟

1)、必須建立一個war專案;(利用idea建立好目錄結構)

2)、將嵌入式的Tomcat指定為provided;

<dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
   <scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>

3)、必須編寫一個SpringBootServletInitializer的子類,並呼叫configure方法

public class ServletInitializer extends SpringBootServletInitializer {

   @Override
   protected SpringApplicationBuilder configure(SpringApplicationBuilder application) {
       //傳入SpringBoot應用的主程式
      return application.sources(SpringBoot04WebJspApplication.class);
   }

}

4)、啟動伺服器就可以使用;

原理

jar包:執行SpringBoot主類的main方法,啟動ioc容器,建立嵌入式的Servlet容器;

war包:啟動伺服器,伺服器啟動SpringBoot應用【SpringBootServletInitializer】,啟動ioc容器;

servlet3.0(Spring註解版):

8.2.4 Shared libraries / runtimes pluggability:

規則:

1)、伺服器啟動(web應用啟動)會建立當前web應用裡面每一個jar包裡面ServletContainerInitializer例項:

2)、ServletContainerInitializer的實現放在jar包的META-INF/services資料夾下,有一個名為javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer的檔案,內容就是ServletContainerInitializer的實現類的全類名

3)、還可以使用@HandlesTypes,在應用啟動的時候載入我們感興趣的類;

流程:

1)、啟動Tomcat

2)、org\springframework\spring-web\4.3.14.RELEASE\spring-web-4.3.14.RELEASE.jar!\META-INF\services\javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer:

Spring的web模組裡面有這個檔案:org.springframework.web.SpringServletContainerInitializer

3)、SpringServletContainerInitializer將@HandlesTypes(WebApplicationInitializer.class)標註的所有這個型別的類都傳入到onStartup方法的Set<Class<?>>;為這些WebApplicationInitializer型別的類建立例項;

4)、每一個WebApplicationInitializer都呼叫自己的onStartup;

5)、相當於我們的SpringBootServletInitializer的類會被建立物件,並執行onStartup方法

6)、SpringBootServletInitializer例項執行onStartup的時候會createRootApplicationContext;建立容器

protected WebApplicationContext createRootApplicationContext(
      ServletContext servletContext) {
    //1、建立SpringApplicationBuilder
   SpringApplicationBuilder builder = createSpringApplicationBuilder();
   StandardServletEnvironment environment = new StandardServletEnvironment();
   environment.initPropertySources(servletContext, null);
   builder.environment(environment);
   builder.main(getClass());
   ApplicationContext parent = getExistingRootWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
   if (parent != null) {
      this.logger.info("Root context already created (using as parent).");
      servletContext.setAttribute(
            WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, null);
      builder.initializers(new ParentContextApplicationContextInitializer(parent));
   }
   builder.initializers(
         new ServletContextApplicationContextInitializer(servletContext));
   builder.contextClass(AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext.class);
    
    //呼叫configure方法,子類重寫了這個方法,將SpringBoot的主程式類傳入了進來
   builder = configure(builder);
    
    //使用builder建立一個Spring應用
   SpringApplication application = builder.build();
   if (application.getSources().isEmpty() && AnnotationUtils
         .findAnnotation(getClass(), Configuration.class) != null) {
      application.getSources().add(getClass());
   }
   Assert.state(!application.getSources().isEmpty(),
         "No SpringApplication sources have been defined. Either override the "
               + "configure method or add an @Configuration annotation");
   // Ensure error pages are registered
   if (this.registerErrorPageFilter) {
      application.getSources().add(ErrorPageFilterConfiguration.class);
   }
    //啟動Spring應用
   return run(application);

7)、Spring的應用就啟動並且建立IOC容器

public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {
   StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();
   stopWatch.start();
   ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null;
   FailureAnalyzers analyzers = null;
   configureHeadlessProperty();
   SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args);
   listeners.starting();
   try {
      ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(
            args);
      ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners,
            applicationArguments);
      Banner printedBanner = printBanner(environment);
      context = createApplicationContext();
      analyzers = new FailureAnalyzers(context);
      prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments,
            printedBanner);
       
       //重新整理IOC容器
      refreshContext(context);
      afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);
      listeners.finished(context, null);
      stopWatch.stop();
      if (this.logStartupInfo) {
         new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass)
               .logStarted(getApplicationLog(), stopWatch);
      }
      return context;
   }
   catch (Throwable ex) {
      handleRunFailure(context, listeners, analyzers, ex);
      throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
   }
}

啟動Servlet容器,再啟動SpringBoot應用