No.MN55-week7Ubuntu網路配置遠端登入資料比較排序網路測試指令碼
阿新 • • 發佈：2021-06-30
1.Ubuntu系統網路配置
Ubuntu系統網路配置總結（包括主機名、網絡卡名稱、網絡卡配置）
1.1設定主機名
方法一：通過檔案修改主機名，需要reboot永久生效
#檢視主機名 root@ubuntu1804:/home/hong# hostname ubuntu1804 #通過檔案修改主機名,需要reboot，永久生效 root@ubuntu1804:/home/hong# vim /etc/hostname root@ubuntu1804:/home/hong# cat /etc/hostname nginx.ubuntu.org #檢視修改後主機名 root@nginx:/home/hong# hostname nginx.ubuntu.org root@nginx:/home/hong# echo $HOSTNAME nginx.ubuntu.org
方法二：用hostname命令修改主機名，臨時生效，重啟主機後不存在
#用hostname命令修改主機名，臨時生效，重啟主機後不存在
root@ubuntu1804:/home/hong# hostname mysql.ubuntu.org
#修改後立即檢視
root@ubuntu1804:/home/hong# hostname
mysql.ubuntu.org
#開啟其他終端檢視
root@mysql:/home/hong# echo $HOSTNAME
mysql.ubuntu.org
1.2修改網絡卡名
第一步：修改/etc/default/grub檔案
修改方法：
- 手動修改/etc/default/grub
- 命令修改/etc/default/grub
#方法一：手動修改/etc/default/grub檔案 root@nginx:/home/hong# vim /etc/default/grub GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="net.ifnames=0" #原配置為：GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="" #方法二： root@nginx:/home/hong# sed -Ei.bak 's/^(GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=.*)"$"/\1net.ifnames=0"/' /etc/default/grub #檢視修改 root@nginx:/home/hong# cat /etc/default/grub # If you change this file, run 'update-grub' afterwards to update # /boot/grub/grub.cfg. # For full documentation of the options in this file, see: # info -f grub -n 'Simple configuration' GRUB_DEFAULT=0 GRUB_TIMEOUT_STYLE=hidden GRUB_TIMEOUT=0 GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian` GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash" GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="net.ifnames=0"
第二步：生成新的grub.cfg檔案
root@nginx:/home/hong# grub-mkcofnig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
root@nginx:/home/hong# update-grub
root@nginx:/home/hong# grep net.ifnames /boot/grub/grub.cfg #確認修改內容
root@nginx:/home/hong# ip a
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc
#ip a 檢視修改的網絡卡結果，網口名已經從ens33改為eth0
1.3配置網絡卡IP
- 設定動態IP
- 設定靜態IP
設定動態IP：
root@nginx:/etc/netplan# vim 01-network-manager-all.yaml
root@nginx:/etc/netplan# cat /etc/netplan/01-network-manager-all.yaml
# Let NetworkManager manage all devices on this system
network:
version: 2
renderer: NetworkManager
ethernets:
eth0:
dhcp4: yes
#執行命令使配置生效
root@nginx:/etc/netplan# netplan apply
設定靜態IP：
root@nginx:/etc/netplan# vim /etc/netplan/01-network-manager-all.yaml
root@nginx:/etc/netplan# cat /etc/netplan/01-network-manager-all.yaml
# Let NetworkManager manage all devices on this system
network:
version: 2
renderer: NetworkManager
ethernets:
eth0:
dhcp4: no
addresses: [10.0.0.51/24]
gateway4: 10.0.0.2
nameservers:
addresses: [8.8.8.8,8.8.4.4]
#執行命令使配置生效
root@nginx:/etc/netplan# netplan apply
2.遠端登入主機
編寫指令碼實現登陸遠端主機。（使用expect和shell指令碼兩種形式）
方式一：expect工具實現遠端登入主機
#編輯登入指令碼
[root@CentOS8 ~]# cat auto-remotehost-ssh.exp
#!/usr/bin/expect
set remoteip [ lindex $argv 0 ]
set ruser [ lindex $argv 1 ]
set rpassword [ lindex $argv 2 ]
spawn ssh $ruser@$remoteip
expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\n"; exp_continue }
"password" { send "$rpassword\n"}
}
interact
#給檔案執行許可權
[root@CentOS8 ~]# chmod +x auto-remotehost-ssh.exp
[root@CentOS8 ~]# expect auto-remotehost-ssh.exp 10.0.0.82 root wdwhr
spawn ssh [email protected]
[email protected]'s password:
Web console: https://CentOS8:9090/ or https://10.0.0.82:9090/
Last login: Tue Jun 29 08:42:04 2021 from 10.0.0.1
[root@CentOS8 ~]# ip a
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:65:bd:8e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 10.0.0.82/24 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
#退出遠端環境
[root@CentOS8 ~]# exit
logout
Connection to 10.0.0.82 closed.
方式二：shell工具實現遠端登入主機
#編寫登入指令碼
[root@CentOS8 ~]# cat auto-remotehost-ssh.sh
#!/bin/bash
rip=$1
ruser=$2
rpassword=$3
expect <<EOF
set timeout 5
spawn ssh $ruser@$rip
expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\n"; exp_continue }
"password" { send "$rpassword\n"}
}
EOF
#給檔案執行許可權
[root@CentOS8 ~]# chmod +x auto-remotehost-ssh.sh
[root@CentOS8 ~]# sh auto-remotehost-ssh.sh 10.0.0.82 root wdwhr
spawn ssh [email protected]
[email protected]'s password:
Web console: https://CentOS8:9090/ or https://10.0.0.82:9090/
Last login: Tue Jun 29 09:15:55 2021 from 10.0.0.81
[root@CentOS8 ~]# hostname -I
10.0.0.82
#退出遠端環境
[root@CentOS8 ~]# exit
logout
Connection to 10.0.0.82 closed.
3.隨機數比較
生成10個隨機數保存於陣列中，並找出其最大值和最小值
思路：用for迴圈遍歷10次，每次用環境變數$RANDOM隨機生成一個0-32767的數，存入num陣列，同時和max和min變數值比較，並替換，直到比較完為止。
方法一：用for迴圈巢狀if-else實現最大最小值查詢
[root@localhost shscripts]# cat -n numcompare.sh
1 #!/bin/bash
2 #
3 #**********************************
4 # Author: wanhonron
5 # Date: 2021-06-21
6 # FileName: /home/wang/shscripts/numcompare.sh
7 # Url: http://www.weda.com
8 # Copyright(C):2021All rights reserved
9 #**********************************
10 declare -i min max
11 declare -a nums
12 for (( i=0; i<10; i++ )); do
13 nums[$i]=$RANDOM
14 if [ $i -eq 0 ];then
15 max=${nums[$i]}
16 min=${nums[$i]}
17 else
18 if [ "$max" -lt "${nums[$i]}" ]; then
19 max=${nums[$i]}
20 elif [ "$min" -gt "${nums[$i]}" ]; then
21 min=${nums[$i]}
22 else
23 true
24 fi
25 fi
26 done
27 echo "nums member are ${nums[*]}" #用*萬用字元取出陣列所有元素
28 echo max is $max
29 echo min is $min
[root@localhost shscripts]# chmod +x numcompare.sh
[root@localhost shscripts]# sh numcompare.sh
nums member are 2453 8790 22437 9294 11261 1225 13227 15080 27934 24567
max is 27934
min is 1225
方法二：隨機生成10個數，比較出最大最下值
[root@localhost shscripts]# cat -n numcompare2.sh
1 #!/bin/bash
2 #
3 #**********************************
4 # Author: wanhonron
5 # Date: 2021-06-21
6 # FileName: numcompare2.sh
7 # Url: http://www.weda.com
8 # Copyright(C):2021All rights reserved
9 #**********************************
10 declare -i max min
11 declare -a num
12 for i in $(seq 10);do
13 num[$i]=$RANDOM
14 [ $i -eq 0 ] && max=${num[$i]} && min=${num[$i]} && continue
15 [[ ${num[$i]} -gt $max ]] && max=${num[$i]}
16 [[ ${num[$i]} -lt $min ]] && min=${num[$i]}
17 done
18 echo "num member are ${num[@]}" #用@萬用字元取出陣列所有元素
19 echo max is $max
20 echo min is $min
[root@localhost shscripts]# chmod +x numcompare2.sh
[root@localhost shscripts]# sh numcompare2.sh
num member are 10103 13631 750 11306 8778 1782 2184 25443 11947 14544
max is 25443
min is 750
4.陣列排序
輸入若干個數值存入陣列中，採用冒泡演算法進行升序或降序排序
#編寫指令碼
[root@CentOS8 ~]# cat sort_arrays.sh
#!/bin/bash
#
#**********************************
# Author: wanhonron
# Date: 2021-06-29
# FileName: sort_arrays.sh
# Url: http://www.weda.com
# Copyright(C):2021All rights reserved
#**********************************
declare -a anums
read -p "please input nums:" number
for (( i=0;i<$number;i++ ));do
anums[i]=$RANDOM
done
echo "source member of arrays: ${anums[@]}"
declare -i num=$number
for (( i=0;i<num-1;i++ ));do
for(( j=0;j<num-1;j++ ));do
let next=$j+1
if (( ${anums[$j]}>${anums[$next]} ));then
tmp=${anums[$next]}
anums[$next]=${anums[$j]}
anums[$j]=$tmp
fi
done
done
echo "sorted member of arrays:${anums[*]}"
echo -e "the minest int is ${anums[0]}\nthe maxest int is ${anums[$((num-1))]}"
#給指令碼執行許可權
[root@CentOS8 ~]# chmod +x sort_arrays.sh
#執行指令碼
[root@CentOS8 ~]# sh sort_arrays.sh
please input nums:5
source member of arrays: 25090 1978 24497 4386 21738
sorted member of arrays:1978 4386 21738 24497 25090
the minest int is 1978
the maxest int is 25090
氣泡排序原理圖：
資料對比交換演示圖（列舉兩輪，後面依次類推）：
5.統計記憶體
顯示統計佔用系統記憶體最多的程序，並排序。
方法一：統計記憶體佔用程序
[root@CentOS8 ~]# ps aux --sort -rss | head -4
USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND
root 810 0.0 2.1 224860 40228 ? S 08:37 0:00 /usr/libexec/sssd/sssd_nss --uid 0 --gid 0 --logger=files
root 809 0.0 2.1 298272 40120 ? Ssl 08:37 0:00 /usr/libexec/platform-python -s /usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid
root 833 0.0 1.7 426292 31228 ? Ssl 08:37 0:04 /usr/libexec/platform-python -Es /usr/sbin/tuned -l -P
方法二：統計記憶體佔用程序
[root@CentOS8 ~]# ps aux | sort -k4nr | head -4
root 809 0.0 2.1 298272 40120 ? Ssl 08:37 0:00 /usr/libexec/platform-python -s /usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid
root 810 0.0 2.1 224860 40228 ? S 08:37 0:00 /usr/libexec/sssd/sssd_nss --uid 0 --gid 0 --logger=files
root 833 0.0 1.7 426292 31228 ? Ssl 08:37 0:04 /usr/libexec/platform-python -Es /usr/sbin/tuned -l -P
polkitd 779 0.0 1.4 1764276 26884 ? Ssl 08:37 0:00 /usr/lib/polkit-1/polkitd --no-debug
6.網路測試
編寫指令碼，使用for和while分別實現10.0.0.0/24網段內，地址是否能夠ping通，若ping通則輸出"success!"，若ping不通則輸出"fail!"
方法一：for迴圈實現網路ping
#編寫指令碼
[root@CentOS8 ~]# cat netfeild_ping_for.sh
#!/bin/bash
#
#**********************************
# Author: wanhonron
# Date: 2021-06-29
# FileName: netfield_ping.sh
# Url: http://www.weda.com
# Copyright(C):2021All rights reserved
#**********************************
netfeild=10.0.0.
for hostip in $(seq 254);do
{ if /bin/ping -c1 -W1 ${netfeild}${hostip} > /dev/null;then
echo "${netfeild}${hostip} is success."
else
echo "${netfeild}${hostip} is fail."
fi
} & #併發執行
done
wait
#給檔案執行許可權
[root@CentOS8 ~]# chmod +x netfeild_ping_for.sh
#執行測試
[root@CentOS8 ~]# sh netfeild_ping_for.sh
10.0.0.2 is success.
10.0.0.1 is success.
10.0.0.82 is success.
10.0.0.81 is success.
10.0.0.3 is fail.
10.0.0.7 is fail.
10.0.0.6 is fail.
...
方法二：while實現ping測試
[root@CentOS8 ~]# cat netfeild_ping_while.sh
#!/bin/bash
#
#**********************************
# Author: wanhonron
# Date: 2021-06-29
# FileName: netfield_ping.sh
# Url: http://www.weda.com
# Copyright(C):2021All rights reserved
#**********************************
declare -i i=1
netfeild="10.0.0."
while [ $i -le 254 ];do
ping -c1 -W1 ${netfeild}$i &> /dev/null
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
echo "${netfeild}$i is success."
else
echo "${netfeild}$i is fail."
fi
let i++
done
#給檔案執行許可權
[root@CentOS8 ~]# chmod +x netfeild_ping_while.sh
#執行測試
[root@CentOS8 ~]# sh netfeild_ping_while.sh
10.0.0.1 is success.
10.0.0.2 is success.
10.0.0.3 is fail.
10.0.0.4 is fail.
...