SpringCloud(二)——Restful學習搭建環境
SpringCloud簡介
SpringCloud, 基於SpringBoot提供了一套微服務解決方案,包括服務註冊與發現,配置中心,全鏈路監控,服務閘道器,負載均衡,熔斷器等元件,除了基於NetFlix的開源元件做高度抽象封裝之外,還有一些選型中立的開源元件。
SpringCloud利用SpringBoot的開發便利性,巧妙地簡化了分散式系統基礎設施的開發,SpringCloud為開發人員提供了快速構建分散式系統的一些工具,包括配置管理,服務發現,斷路器,路由,微代理,事件匯流排,全域性鎖,決策競選,分散式會話等等,他們都可以用SpringBoot的開發風格做到一鍵啟動和部署。
SpringBoot並沒有重複造輪子,它只是將目前各家公司開發的比較成熟,經得起實際考研的服務框架組合起來,通過SpringBoot風格進行再封裝,遮蔽掉了複雜的配置和實現原理,最終給開發者留出了一套簡單易懂,易部署和易維護的分散式系統開發工具包
SpringCloud 是 分散式微服務架構下的一站式解決方案,是各個微服務架構落地技術的集合體,俗稱微服務全家桶。
SpringCloud和SpringBoot關係
SpringBoot專注於快速方便的開發單個個體微服務。
SpringCloud是關注全域性的微服務協調整理治理框架,它將SpringBoot開發的一個個單體微服務整合並管理起來,為各個微服務之間提供:配置管理,服務發現,斷路器,路由,微代理,事件匯流排,全域性鎖,決策競選,分散式會話等等整合服務。
SpringBoot可以離開SpringClooud獨立使用,開發專案,但是SpringCloud離不開SpringBoot,屬於依賴關係
SpringBoot專注於快速、方便的開發單個個體微服務,SpringCloud關注全域性的服務治理框架
SpringCloud入門
中文文件:https://springcloud.cc/spring-cloud-netflix.html
中文API文件:https://springcloud.cc/spring-cloud-dalston.html
SpringCloud中國社群 http://springcloud.cn/
SpringCloud中文網 https://springcloud.cc
一、新建一個普通的maven專案刪除src目錄
1、編寫pom.xml檔案,匯入相關依賴
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>org.study</groupId>
<artifactId>SpringCloud</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<!--打包方式 pom-->
<packaging>pom</packaging>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>11</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>11</maven.compiler.target>
<junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
<lombok.version>1.18.18</lombok.version>
<log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version>
</properties>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<!--SpringCloud-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Hoxton.SR8</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<!--Springboot-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>2.3.7.RELEASE</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<!--資料庫-->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.47</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>1.2.6</version>
</dependency>
<!--Springboot啟動器-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>2.1.4</version>
</dependency>
<!--log4j-->
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>${log4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!--junit-->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>${junit.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!--lombok-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>${lombok.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!--logback:日誌測試-->
<dependency>
<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
<artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
<version>1.3.0-alpha4</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
</project>
SpringCloud的父工程匯入依賴時,發現jar包無法下載下來到本地庫。而且pom檔案報紅
- 原因:
<dependencyManagement>
只是用於父工程管理依賴的,用於統一管理jar的版本。子工程需要使用相應的jar引入依賴即可,這時才真正的使用到相應jar,才會去下載。 - 解決:先將
<dependencyManagement>
刪除,下載jar包,下載完成後在重新使用<dependencyManagement>
提供者服務
二、新建一個子模組
1、編寫子模組的pom.xml檔案
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>SpringCloud</artifactId>
<groupId>org.study</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>springcloud-api</artifactId>
<properties>
<maven.compiler.source>11</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>11</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>
<!--當前的Module自己需要的依賴,如果父工程中已經配置了版本。這裡就不用再寫版本-->
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
2、建立一個數據庫:DB01
CREATE TABLE dept(
deptno BIGINT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
dname VARCHAR(60),
db_source VARCHAR(60)
);
INSERT INTO dept(dname,db_source) VALUES('開發部',DATABASE());
INSERT INTO dept(dname,db_source) VALUES('人事部',DATABASE());
INSERT INTO dept(dname,db_source) VALUES('財務部',DATABASE());
INSERT INTO dept(dname,db_source) VALUES('市場部',DATABASE());
INSERT INTO dept(dname,db_source) VALUES('運維部',DATABASE());
SELECT * FROM dept;
3、子專案連線資料庫
4、建立實體類
package com.study.springcloud.pojo;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import lombok.experimental.Accessors;
import java.io.Serializable;
//實體類必須要序列化 Serializable
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@Accessors(chain = true)//鏈式寫法
public class Dept implements Serializable {
private Long deptno;
private String dname;
//這個資料是存在哪個資料庫的欄位,微服務:一個服務對應一個數據庫,同一個資訊可能存在不同的資料庫
private String dbSource;
public Dept(String dname) {
this.dname = dname;
}
}
三、新建springcloud-provider-dept-8001子模組
1、編寫pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>SpringCloud</artifactId>
<groupId>org.study</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>springcloud-provider-dept-8001</artifactId>
<properties>
<maven.compiler.source>11</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>11</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!--我們需要拿到實體類,所以要配置api module-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.study</groupId>
<artifactId>springcloud-api</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
<!--junit-->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
<artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--springboot-test-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-test</artifactId>
<version>2.3.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
<version>2.3.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!--jetty-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId>
<version>2.3.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!--熱部署-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<version>2.3.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
2、在resources包下新建mybatis/mapper包,新建mybatis-config.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<settings>
<!--開啟二級快取-->
<setting name="cacheEnabled" value="true"/>
</settings>
</configuration>
3、新建application.yaml檔案
server:
port: 8001
#mybatis配置
mybatis:
type-aliases-package: com.study.springcloud.pojo
mapper-locations: classpath:mybatis/mapper/*.xml
config-location: classpath:mybatis/mybatis-config.xml
#spring配置
spring:
application:
name: springcloud-provider-dept
datasource:
type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db01?useUnicode=true&characherEncoding=utf-8
username: root
password: 123456
4、編寫mapper層
package com.study.springcloud.mapper;
import com.study.springcloud.pojo.Dept;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import java.util.List;
@Mapper
@Repository
public interface DeptMapper {
boolean addDept(Dept dept);
Dept queryById(Long id);
List<Dept> queryAll();
}
5、編寫mapper.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.study.springcloud.mapper.DeptMapper">
<insert id="addDept" parameterType="Dept">
insert into dept( dname, db_source)
values (#{dname},DATABASE())
</insert>
<select id="queryById" resultType="com.study.springcloud.pojo.Dept" parameterType="Long">
select * from dept where deptno = #{deptno};
</select>
<select id="queryAll" resultType="com.study.springcloud.pojo.Dept">
select * from dept;
</select>
</mapper>
6、編寫Service層
package com.study.springcloud.service;
import com.study.springcloud.pojo.Dept;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;
import java.util.List;
public interface DeptService {
boolean addDept(Dept dept);
Dept queryById(Long id);
List<Dept> queryAll();
}
7、編寫service介面實現類
package com.study.springcloud.service;
import com.study.springcloud.mapper.DeptMapper;
import com.study.springcloud.pojo.Dept;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import java.util.List;
@Service
public class ServiceImpl implements DeptService{
@Autowired
private DeptMapper deptMapper;
@Override
public boolean addDept(Dept dept) {
return deptMapper.addDept(dept);
}
@Override
public Dept queryById(Long id) {
return deptMapper.queryById(id);
}
@Override
public List<Dept> queryAll() {
return deptMapper.queryAll();
}
}
8、編寫controller
package com.study.springcloud.controller;
import com.study.springcloud.pojo.Dept;
import com.study.springcloud.service.DeptService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import java.util.List;
//提供Restful服務!
@RestController
public class DeptController {
@Autowired
DeptService deptService;
@PostMapping("/dept/add")
public boolean addDept(Dept dept){
return deptService.addDept(dept);
}
@GetMapping("/dept/get/{id}")
public Dept get(@PathVariable("id") Long id){
return deptService.queryById(id);
}
@GetMapping("/dept/list")
public List<Dept> queryAll(){
return deptService.queryAll();
}
}
9、編寫提供者dept的啟動類
package com.study.springcloud;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
//啟動類
@SpringBootApplication
public class DeptProvider_8001 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(DeptProvider_8001.class,args);
}
}
10、執行測試
專案目錄結構!
消費者服務
四、新建消費者模組 springcloud-consumer-dept-80
1、匯入相關依賴
<!--實體類+web,主要根前端打交道-->
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.study</groupId>
<artifactId>springcloud-api</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
<version>2.3.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<version>2.3.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
2、編寫application.yaml
server:
port: 80
3、編寫config層
package com.study.springcloud.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@Configuration
public class ConfigBean { //相當於spring裡面的applicationContext.xml
@Bean
public RestTemplate getRestTemplate(){
return new RestTemplate();
}
}
4、編寫controller
package com.study.springcloud.controller;
import com.study.springcloud.pojo.Dept;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import java.util.List;
@RestController
public class DeptConsumerController {
//消費者不應該有service層,怎麼才能拿到service層?
//RestTemplate,註冊到spring中
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;//提供多種便捷訪問遠端http伺服器的方法,簡單的Restful服務模板
//訪問地址是localhost:8081開頭,所以直接提取出來
private static final String REST_URL_PREFIX = "localhost:8081/";
@RequestMapping("consumer/dept/add")
private boolean add(Dept dept){
//getForObject三個主要引數URI url, Class<T> responseType
return restTemplate.postForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX+"/dept/add",dept,Boolean.class);
}
@RequestMapping("/consumer/dept/get/{id}")
public Dept get(@PathVariable("id") Long id){
return restTemplate.getForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX+"/dept/get/"+id,Dept.class);
}
@RequestMapping("/consumer/dept/list")
public List<Dept> list(){
return restTemplate.getForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX+"/dept/list",List.class);
}
}
5、編寫啟動類
package com.study.springcloud;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
public class DeptConsumer_80 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(DeptConsumer_80.class,args);
}
}
模組目錄結構
五、啟動測試
1、啟動springcloud-provider-dept-8001測試
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2、再啟動springcloud-consumer-dept-80測試
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