YUM的簡介

• 什麼是yum源？
  Yum（全稱為 Yellow dog Updater, Modified）是一個在Fedora、RedHat/RHEL、SUSE以及CentOS等Linux發行版中的/repo/【Shell】前端【軟體包管理器】。

yum源 := yum倉庫 := yum管理下的軟體源/軟體倉庫

怎麼生動地理解這一點呢？

yum 類同於 CENTOS作業系統的 軟體管理器；Web前端開發的 npm 包(依賴)管理軟體；Java後端開發的 maven 包(依賴)管理軟體。

值得注意的是，CENTOS 8新增了 DNF 包管理器，以取代之前OS版本的 YUM。

2 YUM的常用命令

檢視幫助資訊

檢視幫助資訊[方式1] --> man yum

man yum

檢視幫助資訊[方式2] --> yum --help

yum --help

[root@node116 repo]# yum --help
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Usage: yum [options] COMMAND

List of Commands:

check          Check for problems in the rpmdb
check-update   Check for available package updates
clean          Remove cached data
deplist        List a package's dependencies
distribution-synchronization Synchronize installed packages to the latest available versions
downgrade      downgrade a package
erase          Remove a package or packages from your system
fs             Acts on the filesystem data of the host, mainly for removing docs/lanuages for minimal hosts.
fssnapshot     Creates filesystem snapshots, or lists/deletes current snapshots.
groups         Display, or use, the groups information
help           Display a helpful usage message
history        Display, or use, the transaction history
info           Display details about a package or group of packages
install        Install a package or packages on your system
langavailable  Check available languages
langinfo       List languages information
langinstall    Install appropriate language packs for a language
langlist       List installed languages
langremove     Remove installed language packs for a language
list           List a package or groups of packages
load-transaction load a saved transaction from filename
makecache      Generate the metadata cache
provides       Find what package provides the given value
reinstall      reinstall a package
repo-pkgs      Treat a repo. as a group of packages, so we can install/remove all of them
repolist       Display the configured software repositories
search         Search package details for the given string
shell          Run an interactive yum shell
swap           Simple way to swap packages, instead of using shell
update         Update a package or packages on your system
update-minimal Works like upgrade, but goes to the 'newest' package match which fixes a problem that affects your system
updateinfo     Acts on repository update information
upgrade        Update packages taking obsoletes into account
version        Display a version for the machine and/or available repos.


Options:
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  -t, --tolerant        be tolerant of errors
  -C, --cacheonly       run entirely from system cache, don't update cache
  -c [config file], --config=[config file]
                        config file location
  -R [minutes], --randomwait=[minutes]
                        maximum command wait time
  -d [debug level], --debuglevel=[debug level]
                        debugging output level
  --showduplicates      show duplicates, in repos, in list/search commands
  -e [error level], --errorlevel=[error level]
                        error output level
  --rpmverbosity=[debug level name]
                        debugging output level for rpm
  -q, --quiet           quiet operation
  -v, --verbose         verbose operation
  -y, --assumeyes       answer yes for all questions
  --assumeno            answer no for all questions
  --version             show Yum version and exit
  --installroot=[path]  set install root
  --enablerepo=[repo]   enable one or more repositories (wildcards allowed)
  --disablerepo=[repo]  disable one or more repositories (wildcards allowed)
  -x [package], --exclude=[package]
                        exclude package(s) by name or glob
  --disableexcludes=[repo]
                        disable exclude from main, for a repo or for
                        everything
  --disableincludes=[repo]
                        disable includepkgs for a repo or for everything
  --obsoletes           enable obsoletes processing during updates
  --noplugins           disable Yum plugins
  --nogpgcheck          disable gpg signature checking
  --disableplugin=[plugin]
                        disable plugins by name
  --enableplugin=[plugin]
                        enable plugins by name
  --skip-broken         skip packages with depsolving problems
  --color=COLOR         control whether color is used
  --releasever=RELEASEVER
                        set value of $releasever in yum config and repo files
  --downloadonly        don't update, just download
  --downloaddir=DLDIR   specifies an alternate directory to store packages
  --setopt=SETOPTS      set arbitrary config and repo options
  --bugfix              Include bugfix relevant packages, in updates
  --security            Include security relevant packages, in updates
  --advisory=ADVS, --advisories=ADVS
                        Include packages needed to fix the given advisory, in
                        updates
  --bzs=BZS             Include packages needed to fix the given BZ, in
                        updates
  --cves=CVES           Include packages needed to fix the given CVE, in
                        updates
  --sec-severity=SEVS, --secseverity=SEVS
                        Include security relevant packages matching the
                        severity, in updates

  Plugin Options:
 

檢視 當前主機配置的yum源(軟體倉庫)列表

yum repolist

yum repolist enabled
  # 列出你當前系統【已啟用】的yum repo

重建 yum 軟體源的快取

在更新yum源或者出現配置yum源之後，通常都會使用yum makecache 生成快取。

把伺服器的rpm軟體包資訊提前下載到本地主機快取起來，用來提高搜尋安裝軟體的速度
以後用install時就在快取中搜索，提高了速度。

yum makecache
yum makecache fast
yum makecache all

更新 yum 源

yum update -y --skip-broken
 

清除 yum 軟體源的快取

yum 會把下載的軟體包和header儲存在cache中而不自動刪除。如果覺得佔用磁碟空間，可以使用yum clean指令清除快取。

yum clean all

搜尋軟體包

yum search 軟體包

yum -C search "關鍵詞"

安裝軟體包

yum install 軟體包
yum -y install httpd

yum localinstall /path/*.rpm
  # 通過yum管理器，安裝本地rpm包

解除安裝/移除軟體包

yum remove 軟體包名

X 參考文獻

• [Linux]CentOS7搭建/配置：YUM倉庫/源[本地源/Web源(Apache HTTP(D))/自建源倉庫] - CSDN 【推薦】
• yum makecache fast 和yum clean all - CSDN