Selenium的ActionChains Api介面詳解
ActionChains
有時候我們在通過Selenium做UI自動化的時候,明明能夠在DOM樹內看到這個元素,但是我在通過driver click、sendkey的時候,就是點選不到或無法輸入字串。實際上這是由於WEB中某些元素需要通過一系列連貫的操作才能處於可以點選的狀態,driver提供的click方法是每次都只執行一個命令操作,而我們需要連貫的操作。或者經常遇到那種,需要滑鼠懸浮後,要操作的元素才會出現的某種場景,那麼我們就要模擬滑鼠懸浮到某一個位置,做一系列的連貫操作,這裡就要應用Selenium提供的ActionChains模組
具體使用方法參考官方文件:https://selenium-python.readthedocs.io/api.html#module-selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains
或某大佬翻譯的中文文件:https://python-selenium-zh.readthedocs.io/zh_CN/latest/7.2%20%E8%A1%8C%E4%B8%BA%E9%93%BE/
引入方式
#引入方式一 from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains #引入方式二 from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
實際上ActionChains這個模組的實現的核心思想就是,當你呼叫ActionChains的方法時,不會立即執行,而是會將所有的操作按順序存放在一個List裡,當你呼叫perform()方法時,佇列中的時間會依次執行。(注:推薦一個尺子工具,MeasulerIt)
ActionChains方法列表
click(on_element=None) ——單擊滑鼠左鍵
click_and_hold(on_element=None) ——點選滑鼠左鍵,不鬆開
context_click(on_element=None) ——點選滑鼠右鍵
double_click(on_element=None) ——雙擊滑鼠左鍵
drag_and_drop(source, target) ——拖拽到某個元素然後鬆開
drag_and_drop_by_offset(source, xoffset, yoffset) ——拖拽到某個座標然後鬆開
key_down(value, element=None
) ——按下某個鍵盤上的鍵key_up(value, element=None) ——鬆開某個鍵
move_by_offset(xoffset, yoffset) ——滑鼠從當前位置移動到某個座標
move_to_element(to_element) ——滑鼠移動到某個元素
move_to_element_with_offset(to_element, xoffset, yoffset) ——移動到距某個元素(左上角座標)多少距離的位置
perform() ——執行鏈中的所有動作
release(on_element=None) ——在某個元素位置鬆開滑鼠左鍵
send_keys(*keys_to_send) ——傳送某個鍵到當前焦點的元素
send_keys_to_element(element, *keys_to_send) ——傳送某個鍵到指定元素
drag_and_drop(滑鼠拖動)
# 將source元素拖放至target元素處,引數為兩個elementObj
ActionChains(driver).drag_and_drop(source=source,target=target)
# 將一個source元素 拖動到針對source坐上角坐在的x y處 可存在負寬度的情況和負高度的情況
ActionChains(driver).drag_and_drop_by_offset(source, x, y)
# 這種也是拖拽的一種方式,都是以源元素的左上角為基準,移動座標
ActionChains(driver).click_and_hold(dom).move_by_offset(169,188).release().perform()
move_to_element
# 滑鼠移動到某一個元素上,結束elementObj
ActionChains(driver).move_to_element(e)
# 滑鼠移動到制定的座標上,引數接受x,y
ActionChains(driver).move_by_offset(e['x'],e['y'])
例:
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.maximize_window()
driver.get('http://www.baidu.com')
time.sleep(2)
# driver.execute_script('document.body.scrollTop=0')
driver.execute_script('document.documentElement.scrollTop')
time.sleep(1)
a = driver.find_element_by_id('a').location
dis = driver.find_element_by_id('dis1')
ActionChains(driver).move_by_offset(a['x'],a['y']).double_click(dis).perform()
click
# 單擊事件,可接受elementObj
ActionChains(driver).click()
# 雙擊事件,可接受elementObj
ActionChains(driver).double_click()
# 點選滑鼠右鍵
ActionChains(driver).context_click()
# 點選某個元素不鬆開,接收elementObj
ActionChains(driver).click_and_hold()
# # 某個元素上鬆開滑鼠左鍵,接收elementObj
ActionChains(driver).release()
舉例說明:#!/usr/bin/python # -*- coding: UTF-8 -*- """ @author:chenshifeng @file:test_actionchains.py @time:2020/09/27 """ import pytest from selenium import webdriver from time import sleep from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChainsclass TestDefaultSuite():
def setup_method(self, ):
self.driver = webdriver.Chrome()
self.driver.maximize_window()
self.driver.implicitly_wait(5)</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">def</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> teardown_method(self): self.driver.quit() </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> 滑鼠點選測試</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> @pytest.mark.skip</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">def</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> test_case_click(self): self.driver.get(</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">"</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">http://sahitest.com/demo/clicks.htm</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">"</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">) click_btn </span>= self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">//input[@value="click me"]</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span>) <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> 單擊按鈕</span> doubleclick_btn = self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">//input[@value="dbl click me"]</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span>) <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> 雙擊按鈕</span> rightclick_btn = self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">//input[@value="right click me"]</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span>) <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> 右鍵單擊按鈕</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> action=ActionChains(self.driver)</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> action.click(click_btn) # 單擊</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> action.double_click(doubleclick_btn) # 雙擊</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> action.context_click(rightclick_btn) # 右鍵</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> action.perform()</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> sleep(5)</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> 或者直接以長鏈的方式執行,按照順序依次執行</span>
ActionChains(self.driver).click(click_btn).double_click(doubleclick_btn).context_click(rightclick_btn).perform()
action = ActionChains(self.driver) action.drag_and_drop(dragger, item1).perform() # 1.移動dragger到目標1 sleep(2) action.click_and_hold(dragger).release(item2).perform() # 2.效果與上句相同,也能起到移動效果 sleep(2) action.click_and_hold(dragger).move_to_element(item3).release().perform() # 3.效果與上兩句相同,也能起到移動的效果 sleep(2) # action.drag_and_drop_by_offset(dragger, 400, 150).perform() # 4.移動到指定座標 action.click_and_hold(dragger).move_by_offset(400, 150).release().perform() # 5.與上一句相同,移動到指定座標 sleep(2)</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> 滑鼠移動測試</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">def</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> test_case_move(self): </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> self.driver.get('https://www.baidu.com/')</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> set_ele=self.driver.find_element_by_id('s-usersetting-top') # 百度的設定元素</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> ActionChains(self.driver).move_to_element(set_ele).perform()</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> sleep(5)</span> self.driver.get(<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">http://sahitest.com/demo/mouseover.htm</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">) write </span>=<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> self.driver.find_element_by_xpath( </span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">//input[@value="Write on hover"]</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span>) <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> 滑鼠移動到此元素,在下面的input框中會顯示“Mouse moved”</span> blank = self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">//input[@value="Blank on hover"]</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span>) <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> 滑鼠移動到此元素,會清空下面input框中的內容</span> result = self.driver.find_element_by_name(<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">t1</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">) action </span>=<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> ActionChains(self.driver) action.move_to_element(write).perform() </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> 移動到write,顯示“Mouse moved”</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">print</span>(result.get_attribute(<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">value</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">)) </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> action.move_to_element(blank).perform()</span> action.move_by_offset(10, 50).perform() <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> 移動到距離當前位置(10,50)的點,與上句效果相同,移動到blank上,清空</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">print</span>(result.get_attribute(<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">value</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">)) action.move_to_element_with_offset(blank, </span>10, -40).perform() <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> 移動到距離blank元素(10,-40)的點,可移動到write上</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">print</span>(result.get_attribute(<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">value</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">)) sleep(</span>2<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">) </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> 滑鼠拖拽</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">def</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> test_case_drapdrop(self): self.driver.get(</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">http://sahitest.com/demo/dragDropMooTools.htm</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">) dragger </span>= self.driver.find_element_by_id(<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">dragger</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span>) <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> 被拖拽元素</span> item1 = self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">//div[text()="Item 1"]</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span>) <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> 目標元素1</span> item2 = self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">//div[text()="Item 2"]</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span>) <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> 目標2</span> item3 = self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">//div[text()="Item 3"]</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span>) <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> 目標3</span> item4 = self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">//div[text()="Item 4"]</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span>) <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> 目標4</span>
if name == 'main':
pytest.main()
執行結果
Testing started at 12:59 上午 ... /usr/local/bin/python3.9 "/Applications/PyCharm CE.app/Contents/plugins/python-ce/helpers/pycharm/_jb_pytest_runner.py" --path /Users/chenshifeng/MyCode/PythonCode/SFDSZL/test_selenium/test_actionchains.py Launching pytest with arguments /Users/chenshifeng/MyCode/PythonCode/SFDSZL/test_selenium/test_actionchains.py in /Users/chenshifeng/MyCode/PythonCode/SFDSZL/test_seleniumkey_down與key_up============================= test session starts ==============================
platform darwin -- Python 3.9.0, pytest-6.1.1, py-1.9.0, pluggy-0.13.1 -- /usr/local/bin/python3.9
cachedir: .pytest_cache
rootdir: /Users/chenshifeng/MyCode/PythonCode/SFDSZL/test_selenium
plugins: allure-pytest-2.8.18
collecting ... collected 3 itemstest_actionchains.py::TestDefaultSuite::test_case_click
test_actionchains.py::TestDefaultSuite::test_case_move
test_actionchains.py::TestDefaultSuite::test_case_drapdrop============================== 3 passed in 37.93s ==============================
Process finished with exit code 0
PASSED [ 33%]PASSED [ 66%]Mouse movedMouse moved
PASSED [100%]
有時我們需要模擬鍵盤操作時,那麼就需要用到ActionChains中的key操作了,提供了兩個方法,key_down與key_up,模擬按下鍵盤的某個鍵子,與鬆開某個鍵子,接收的引數是按鍵的Keys與elementObj。可以與send_keys連用(例:全選、複製、剪下、貼上)
# key_down 模擬鍵盤摁下某個按鍵 key_up 鬆開某個按鍵,與sendkey連用完成一些操作,每次down必須up一次否則將出現異常
ActionChains(driver).key_down(Keys.CONTROL,dom).send_keys('a').send_keys('c').key_up(Keys.CONTROL)\
.key_down(Keys.CONTROL,dom1).send_keys('v').key_up(Keys.CONTROL).perform()
Keys 實際是Selenium提供的一個鍵盤事件模組,在模擬鍵盤事件時需要匯入Keys模組
引入路徑
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys繼續舉例:
#!/usr/bin/python # -*- coding: UTF-8 -*- """ @author:chenshifeng @file:test_actionchains.py @time:2020/09/27 """ import pytest from selenium import webdriver from time import sleep from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keysclass TestDefaultSuite():
def setup_method(self, ):
self.driver = webdriver.Chrome()
self.driver.maximize_window()
self.driver.implicitly_wait(5)</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">def</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> teardown_method(self): self.driver.quit() </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">def</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> test_key(self): self.driver.get(</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">https://www.baidu.com/</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">) dom </span>= self.driver.find_element_by_id(<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">kw</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">) ActionChains(self.driver).key_down(Keys.SHIFT, dom).send_keys(</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">a</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span>).send_keys(<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">c</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span>).key_up(Keys.SHIFT).pause(2).perform()</pre>
end
轉載至https://www.cnblogs.com/feng0815/p/8344120.html