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Java多執行緒(筆記版,內附程式碼和視訊連結)

多執行緒建立方式;靜態代理模式;Lamda表示式;執行緒狀態和方法;守護(daemon)執行緒;執行緒同步;執行緒協作;執行緒池

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多執行緒

執行緒開啟後不一定立即執行,由CPU排程


1. 多執行緒建立方式


1.1建立執行緒方式1:繼承Thread類,重寫run方法執行緒體,呼叫start();

/*
   執行緒開啟後不一定立即執行,由cpu安排排程
 */
//建立執行緒方式1:繼承Thread類,重寫run方法執行緒體,呼叫start();
//繼承Thread類
public class TestThread1 extends  Thread{
    //重寫run方法執行緒體
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            System.out.println("Jay " + i);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //建立一個執行緒物件
        TestThread1 testThread1 = new TestThread1();
        //呼叫start()方法開啟執行緒
        testThread1.start();
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            System.out.println("Soul " + i);
        }
    }
}

視訊連結

package Jay;

import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;

/*
練習Thread,實現多執行緒同步下載圖片
 */
public class TestThread2 extends Thread{
    private String url;
    private String name;
    public TestThread2(String url, String name){
        this.url = url;
        this.name = name;
    }
    //下載圖片的執行緒執行體
    public void run(){
        WebDownloader webDownloader = new WebDownloader();
        webDownloader.downloader(url, name);
        System.out.println(name + " 檔案下載成功");
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TestThread2 t1 = new TestThread2("https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/filess/img17@main/2021/05/07/1620371242789-b286c6f7-a06c-48c7-a53b-3a86d18cea97.png", "p1.png");
        TestThread2 t2 = new TestThread2("https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/filess/img16@main/2021/05/07/1620377761880-1d4715d4-482c-4d52-a5aa-210a1a354c77.png", "p2.png");
        TestThread2 t3 = new TestThread2("https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/filess/img8@main/2021/05/07/1620377156603-8b53ee53-8de0-4f81-b667-3df6ce555064.png", "p3.png");

        t1.start();
        t2.start();
        t3.start();
    }

}
//下載器
class WebDownloader{
    public void downloader(String url, String name){
        try {
            FileUtils.copyURLToFile(new URL(url), new File(name));
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            System.out.println("IO異常,downloader下載出現問題");
        }
    }
}

視訊連結


1.2 建立執行緒方法2:實現runnable介面,重寫run方法執行執行緒需要丟入runnable介面實現類,呼叫start方法


//建立執行緒方法2:實現runnable介面,重寫run方法執行執行緒需要丟入runnable介面實現類,呼叫start方法
public class TestThread3 implements Runnable{
    //重寫run方法執行緒體
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            System.out.println("Jay " + i);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //建立runnable介面的實現類物件
        TestThread3 testThread3 = new TestThread3();
        //建立執行緒物件,通過執行緒物件來開啟我的執行緒(代理)
        new Thread(testThread3).start();
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            System.out.println("Soul " + i);
        }
    }
}

視訊連結

多個執行緒同時操作同一物件,執行緒不安全,資料紊亂


//多個執行緒同時操作同一物件,執行緒不安全,資料紊亂
//買火車票的例子
public class TestThread4 implements Runnable{
    private int ticketNums = 10;

    public void run(){
        while (true){
            if (ticketNums <= 0){
                break;
            }
            /*try {
                Thread.sleep(200);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }*/
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "-->拿到了第" + ticketNums-- + "票");

        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TestThread4 ticket = new TestThread4();

        new Thread(ticket, "小明").start();
        new Thread(ticket, "小紅").start();
        new Thread(ticket, "小黃").start();

    }
}

視訊連結

龜兔賽跑



import kotlin.reflect.jvm.internal.impl.descriptors.Visibilities;

//模擬龜兔賽跑
public class Race implements Runnable{
    private static String winner;

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 1; i <= 100; i++) {
            if (Thread.currentThread().getName().equals("兔子") && i % 60 == 0)
            {
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (gameOver(i)) break;
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "-->跑了" + i + "步");
        }
    }

    //判斷是否完成比賽
    private boolean gameOver (int step){
        if (winner != null){
            return true;
        }
        if (step >= 100) {
            winner = Thread.currentThread().getName();
            System.out.println("Winner is " + winner);
            return true;
        }
        return  false;

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Race race = new Race();
        new Thread(race, "兔子").start();
        new Thread(race, "烏龜").start();
    }


}

視訊連結


1.3 執行緒建立方式3:實現callable介面


import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;
//執行緒建立方式三:實現callable介面
/*
callable的好處
1、可以定義返回值
2、可以丟擲異常
 */
public class TestCallable implements Callable<Boolean> {
    private String url;
    private String name;
    public TestCallable(String url, String name){
        this.url = url;
        this.name = name;
    }
    //下載圖片的執行緒執行體
    public Boolean call(){
        WebDownloader webDownloader = new WebDownloader();
        webDownloader.downloader(url, name);
        System.out.println(name + " 檔案下載成功");
        return true;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TestCallable t1 = new TestCallable("https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/filess/img17@main/2021/05/07/1620371242789-b286c6f7-a06c-48c7-a53b-3a86d18cea97.png", "p1.png");
        TestCallable t2 = new TestCallable("https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/filess/img16@main/2021/05/07/1620377761880-1d4715d4-482c-4d52-a5aa-210a1a354c77.png", "p2.png");
        TestCallable t3 = new TestCallable("https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/filess/img8@main/2021/05/07/1620377156603-8b53ee53-8de0-4f81-b667-3df6ce555064.png", "p3.png");

        //建立執行服務:
        ExecutorService ser = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);

        //提交執行
        Future<Boolean> r1 = ser.submit(t1);
        Future<Boolean> r2 = ser.submit(t2);
        Future<Boolean> r3 = ser.submit(t3);
        //關閉服務
        ser.shutdownNow();
    }

}
//下載器
class WebDownloader{
    public void downloader(String url, String name){
        try {
            FileUtils.copyURLToFile(new URL(url), new File(name));
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            System.out.println("IO異常,downloader下載出現問題");
        }
    }
}

視訊連結


2. 靜態代理模式

package Jay;
/*
靜態代理:
1、真實物件和代理物件都要實現一個介面
2、代理物件需要代理真是角色
 */
public class StaticProxy{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MarryCompany(new you()).happyMarry();
    }
}
interface Marry{
    public void happyMarry();
}

//真實角色結婚
class you implements Marry{
    @Override
    public void happyMarry() {
        System.out.println("源寶結婚了");
    }
}

//婚慶公司代理
class MarryCompany implements  Marry{
    private Marry target;

    public MarryCompany(Marry target) {
        this.target = target;
    }

    @Override
    public void happyMarry() {
        berfore();
        this.target.happyMarry();//這是真實物件
        after();
    }

    private void after() {
        System.out.println("收尾款");
    }

    private void berfore() {
        System.out.println("佈置場地");
    }
}

視訊連結


3. Lamda表示式


3.1 為什麼使用lamda表示

- 避免匿名內部類定義過多
- 使程式碼看起來簡潔,去掉無意義的程式碼,只留下核心邏輯
- 其實質屬於函數語言程式設計的概念

3.2 函式式介面的定義

- 任何介面,如果只包含唯一一個抽象方法,那麼它就是一個函式式介面
- 對於函式式介面,我們可以通過lamda表示式來建立介面的物件
package thread.lamda;

/*
推導lamda表示式
 */
public class TestLamda01 {
    //3.靜態內部類
    static class Like2 implements ILike{

        @Override
        public void lamda() {
            System.out.println("I like lamda2!");
        }
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ILike like = new Like();
        like.lamda();

        like = new Like2();
        like.lamda();
        //4.區域性內部類
        class Like3 implements ILike{

            @Override
            public void lamda() {
                System.out.println("I like lamda3!");
            }
        }
        like = new Like3();
        like.lamda();
        //5.匿名內部類,沒有類的名稱,必須藉助介面或者父類
        like = new ILike() {
            @Override
            public void lamda() {
                System.out.println("I like lamda4!");
            }
        };
        like.lamda();

        //6.用lamda簡化
        like = ()->{
            System.out.println("I like lamda5!");
        };
        like.lamda();
    }
}

//1.定義一個函式式介面
interface ILike{
    void lamda();
}

//2.實現類
class Like implements ILike{

    @Override
    public void lamda() {
        System.out.println("I like lamda!");
    }
}
package thread.lamda;

public class TestLamda02 {
    //靜態內部類
    static class love2 implements ILove{
        @Override
        public void love(int a) {
            System.out.println("I love" + a);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //普通類實現
        ILove love = new love();
        love.love(1);
        //靜態內部類實現
        love = new love2();
        love.love(2);
        //區域性內部類
        class love3 implements ILove{
            @Override
            public void love(int a) {
                System.out.println("I love" + a);
            }
        }
        new love3().love(77);
        //匿名內部類
        love = new ILove() {
            @Override
            public void love(int a) {
                System.out.println("I love" + a);
            }
        };
        love.love(3);
        //lamda 簡化
        love = (int a)->{
            System.out.println("I love" + a);
        };
        love.love(4);
    }
}

interface ILove{
    void love(int a);
}

class love implements ILove{

    @Override
    public void love(int a) {
        System.out.println("I love" + a);
    }
}

3.3 lamda簡化形式

//簡化形式1
love = (a) -> {
	System.out.println("I love" + a);
};
//簡化形式2(引數<=1)
love = a -> {
	System.out.println("I love" + a);
};
//簡化形式3(程式碼只有一行)
love = a -> System.out.println("I love" + a);

視訊連結


4. 執行緒狀態和方法

執行緒一旦進入死亡狀態,就不能再次啟動


4.1 五大狀態

* 建立狀態(new)
* 就緒狀態(start)
* 執行狀態
* 阻塞狀態(sleep,wait)
* 死亡狀態

4.2 執行緒方法


4.3 停止執行緒

- 推薦執行緒自己停下來(不建議死迴圈)
- 建議使用一個標誌位進行終止變數(當flag= false,則終止執行緒執行)
- 不要使用stop或者destroy等過時或者JDK不建議使用的方法
package thread.methods;
//測試stop
public class TestStop implements Runnable{
    //1.設定一個標誌位
    private boolean flag = true;

    @Override
    public void run() {
        int i = 0;
        while (flag){
            System.out.println("run ....... Thread" + i++);
        }
    }
    //2.設定一個公開的方法停止執行緒,轉換標誌位
    public void stop(){
        this.flag = false;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TestStop testStop = new TestStop();

        new Thread(testStop).start();
        for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
            System.out.println("main" + i);
            if (i == 900){
                testStop.stop();
                System.out.println("執行緒已經停止");
            }
        }
    }
}

視訊連結


4.4 執行緒休眠(sleep)

* sleep(時間)指定當前執行緒阻塞的毫秒數
* sleep存在異常InterruptedException
* sleep時間達到後,執行緒進入就緒狀態
* sleep可以模擬網路延時,倒計時等
* 每一個物件都有一個鎖,sleep不會釋放鎖

視訊連結


4.5 執行緒禮讓(yield)

package thread.methods;
//測試禮讓執行緒
public class TestYield {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //lamda表示式
        Runnable myYield = ()->{
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "執行緒開始執行");
            Thread.yield();
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "執行緒執行結束");
        };
        new Thread(myYield, "a").start();
        new Thread(myYield, "b").start();

    }
}

//class MyYield implements Runnable{
//
//    @Override
//    public void run() {
//        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "執行緒開始執行");
//        Thread.yield();
//        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "執行緒執行結束");
//    }
//}

視訊連結


4.6 合併執行緒(Join)

* Join合併執行緒,待此執行緒執行完成後,再執行其他執行緒,其他執行緒阻塞
* 可以想象成插隊
package thread.methods;

//測試join方法
public class TestJoin implements Runnable {
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
            System.out.println("VIP來了" + i);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        //啟動我們的執行緒
        TestJoin testJoin = new TestJoin();
        Thread thread = new Thread(testJoin);
        thread.start();

        //主執行緒
        for (int i = 0; i < 500; i++) {
            if (i == 100){
                thread.join();
            }
            System.out.println("main" + i);
        }
    }
}

視訊連結


4.7 觀測執行緒狀態

package thread.state;

public class TestState {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        Thread thread = new Thread(()->{
            for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            System.out.println("/////");
        });
        //觀察狀態(new)
        Thread.State state = thread.getState();
        System.out.println(state);
        //run
        thread.start();
        state = thread.getState();
        System.out.println(state);

        //只要執行緒不終止,就一直輸出狀態
        while (state != Thread.State.TERMINATED){
            Thread.sleep(100);
            state = thread.getState();//更新執行緒狀態
            System.out.println(state);
        }

    }
}

視訊連結


5. 執行緒優先順序

優先順序低只是意味著獲得排程的概率低,並不是優先順序低就不會被呼叫了,這都是看CPU排程

* 執行緒的優先順序用數字表示,範圍從1~10
	* Thread.MIN_PRIORITY = 1
	* Thread.MAX_PRIORITY =10
	* Thread.NORM_PRIORITY = 5
* 使用以下方式改變或者獲取優先順序
	* getPriority()
	* setPriority(int xxx)
package thread.state;
//測試執行緒的優先順序
public class TestPriority {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //主執行緒優先順序
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-->"+Thread.currentThread().getPriority());

        //建立執行緒
        MyPriority myPriority = new MyPriority();
        Thread t1 = new Thread(myPriority);
        Thread t2 = new Thread(myPriority);
        Thread t3 = new Thread(myPriority);
        Thread t6 = new Thread(myPriority);

        t1.setPriority(10);
        t1.start();
        t2.start();
        t3.setPriority(8);
        t3.start();
        t6.setPriority(1);
        t6.start();
    }

}

class MyPriority implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "-->" +Thread.currentThread().getPriority());
    }
}

視訊連結


6. 守護(daemon)執行緒

* 執行緒分為使用者執行緒和守護執行緒
* 虛擬機器必須確保使用者執行緒執行完畢(main)
* 虛擬機器不用等待守護執行緒執行完畢,如後臺記錄操作日誌,監控記憶體,垃圾回收等待(gc)
package thread.methods;
//測試守護執行緒
public class TestDaemon {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Love love = new Love();
        You you = new You();
        Thread thread = new Thread(love);
        thread.setDaemon(true);//預設是false表示是使用者執行緒
        thread.start();//守護執行緒啟動
        new Thread(you).start();//使用者執行緒啟動
    }
}
//守護執行緒
class Love implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true){
            System.out.println("愛與你相伴");
        }
    }
}
//使用者執行緒
class You implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 36500; i++) {
            System.out.println("獨行,相伴");
        }
        System.out.println("-====goodbye!world!====-");
    }
}

視訊連結


7. 執行緒同步

併發:同一個物件被多個執行緒同時操作 形成條件:佇列和鎖(鎖機制synchronized)

* 上萬人同時搶100張票
* 兩個銀行同時取錢

視訊連結


7.1 三大不安全案例

package thread.syn;
//不安全的買票
//執行緒不安全,有負數
public class UnsafeBuyTicket {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        BuyTicket buyTicket = new BuyTicket();

        new Thread(buyTicket, "小明").start();
        new Thread(buyTicket, "小紅").start();
        new Thread(buyTicket, "小杰").start();
    }
}

class BuyTicket implements Runnable{
    private  int ticketNums = 10;
    boolean  flag = true;
    public void run() {
        while (flag){
            if (ticketNums <= 1) flag = false;
            try {
                Thread.sleep(100);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 拿到" + ticketNums--);
        }
    }
}
package thread.syn;
//銀行取錢
public class UnsafeBank {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Account account = new Account(100000, "結婚基金");
        Drawing you = new Drawing(account, 5000, "yourself");
        Drawing yourWife = new Drawing(account, 10000, "yourWife");
        you.start();
        yourWife.start();
    }
}
class Account{
    int money;
    String name;
    public Account(int money, String name) {
        this.money = money;
        this.name = name;
    }
}
class Drawing extends Thread{
    Account account;
    int drawingMoney;
    int nowMoney;
    public Drawing(Account account, int drawingMoney, String name){
        super(name);
        this.account = account;
        this.drawingMoney = drawingMoney;
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {    
       if (account.money - drawingMoney < 0){
            System.out.println(this.getName()+ "餘額不足");
            return;
        }
        try {
            Thread.sleep(1000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        account.money =  account.money - drawingMoney;
        nowMoney = nowMoney + drawingMoney;
        System.out.println(account.name + "餘額為" + account.money);
        //Thread.currentThread().getName() == this.getName();
        System.out.println(this.getName() + "手裡的錢為" + nowMoney);
        
   }
}
package thread.syn;
//表格
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class UnsafeList {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
        for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++) {
            new Thread(()->{list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());}).start();
        }
        try {
            Thread.sleep(10);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println(list.size());
    }
}

視訊連結


7.2 同步方法

public synchronized void method(int args){} 同步方法的同步監聽器就是this,即物件本身,或者是class

package thread.syn;
//安全的買票
public class UnsafeBuyTicket {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        BuyTicket buyTicket = new BuyTicket();

        new Thread(buyTicket, "小明").start();
        new Thread(buyTicket, "小紅").start();
        new Thread(buyTicket, "小杰").start();
    }
}
class BuyTicket implements Runnable{
    private  int ticketNums = 10;
    boolean  flag = true;
    public void run() {
        while (flag){
            buy();
        }
    }
    //synchronized 同步方法,鎖的是this
    private synchronized void buy() {
        if (ticketNums <= 0) {flag = false;return;}
        try {
            Thread.sleep(100);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 拿到" + ticketNums--);
    }
}

7.3 同步塊

synchronized(Obj){} Obj可以是任何物件,但是推薦使用共享資源(增刪改)作為同步監視器

* 同步監視器的執行過程
	* 第一個執行緒訪問,鎖定同步監視器,執行其中程式碼。
	* 第二個執行緒訪問,發現同步監視器被鎖定,無法訪問
	* 第一個執行緒訪問完畢,解鎖同步監視器
	* 第二執行緒訪問,發現同步監視器沒有鎖,然後鎖定並訪問
package thread.syn;

public class UnsafeBank {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Account account = new Account(100000, "結婚基金");
        Drawing you = new Drawing(account, 5000, "yourself");
        Drawing yourWife = new Drawing(account, 10000, "yourWife");
        you.start();
        yourWife.start();
    }
}
class Account{
    int money;
    String name;
    public Account(int money, String name) {
        this.money = money;
        this.name = name;
    }
}
class Drawing extends Thread{
    Account account;
    int drawingMoney;
    int nowMoney;
    public Drawing(Account account, int drawingMoney, String name){
        super(name);
        this.account = account;
        this.drawingMoney = drawingMoney;
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        synchronized (account){
            if (account.money - drawingMoney < 0){
                System.out.println(this.getName()+ "餘額不足");
                return;
            }
            try {
                Thread.sleep(1000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            account.money =  account.money - drawingMoney;
            nowMoney = nowMoney + drawingMoney;
            System.out.println(account.name + "餘額為" + account.money);
            //Thread.currentThread().getName() == this.getName();
            System.out.println(this.getName() + "手裡的錢為" + nowMoney);
        }
    }
}
package thread.syn;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class UnsafeList {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
        for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++) {
            new Thread(()->{
                synchronized (list){
                    list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());}
                }).start();
        }
        try {
            Thread.sleep(10);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println(list.size());
    }
}

視訊連結

CopyOnWriteArrayList<String> list = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<String>(); 自帶鎖的list

package thread.syn;

import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList;

//測試JUC安全型別的集合
public class TestJUC {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        CopyOnWriteArrayList<String> list = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<String>();
        for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
            new Thread(()-> list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName())).start();
        }
        try {
            Thread.sleep(10);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println(list.size());

    }
}

視訊連結


7.4 死鎖

死鎖:某一個同步塊同時擁有“兩個以上物件的鎖”

package thread.syn;
//死鎖:多個執行緒互相抱著對方需要的資源,然後形成僵持
public class DeadLock {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MakeUp g1 = new MakeUp(0,"灰姑娘");
        MakeUp g2 = new MakeUp(1,"白雪公主");
        g1.start();
        g2.start();
    }
}
//口紅
class LipStick{}
//鏡子
class Mirror{}
class MakeUp extends Thread {
    //需要的資源只有一份,用static來保證
    static LipStick lipStick = new LipStick();
    static Mirror mirror = new Mirror();
    int choice;//選擇
    String name;//使用化妝品的人
    MakeUp(int choice, String name) {
        this.choice = choice;
        this.name = name;
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        try {
            makeup();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    //化妝,互相持有對方的資源
    private void makeup() throws InterruptedException {
        if (choice == 0) {
            synchronized (lipStick) {//獲得口紅的鎖
                System.out.println(this.name + "獲得口紅");
                Thread.sleep(1000);
            }
            synchronized (mirror) {//獲得鏡子的鎖
                System.out.println(this.name + "獲得鏡子的鎖");
            }
        } else {
            synchronized (mirror) {//獲得鏡子的鎖
                System.out.println(this.name + "獲得鏡子的鎖");
                Thread.sleep(2000);
                }
            synchronized (lipStick) {//獲得口紅的鎖
                System.out.println(this.name + "獲得口紅的鎖");
            }
        }
    }
}

視訊連結


7.5 鎖(顯性LOCK)

package thread.syn;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
public class TestLock {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TestLock2 testLock2 = new TestLock2();
        new Thread(testLock2, "小明").start();
        new Thread(testLock2, "小杰").start();
        new Thread(testLock2, "小王").start();
    }
}
class TestLock2 implements Runnable{
    private int tickNums = 10;
    boolean flag = true;
    private final ReentrantLock reentrantLock = new ReentrantLock();
    @Override
    public void run() {
        try{
            reentrantLock.lock();
            while (flag){
                if (tickNums <= 0 ){
                    flag = false;
                    return;
                }
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(100);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "獲得了" + tickNums--);
            }
        }finally {
            reentrantLock.unlock();
        }
    }
}

視訊連結


8. 執行緒協作

生產者消費者問題:生產者和消費者共享同一個資源,並且生產者和消費者之間相互依賴,互為條件

作用 方法名
表示執行緒一直等待,直到其他執行緒通知,與sleep不同,會釋放鎖 wait()
指定等待的毫秒數 wait(long timeout)
喚醒一個等待狀態的執行緒 notify()
喚醒同一個物件上所有呼叫wait()方法的執行緒,優先級別高的執行緒優先排程 notifyAll()

8.1 解決方式1

併發協作模型“生產者/消費者模式”-->管程法

* 生產者:負責生產資料的模組(可能是方法,物件,執行緒,程序)
* 消費者:負責處理資料的模組(可能是方法,物件,執行緒,程序)
* 緩衝區:消費者不能直接使用生產者的資料,他們之間有個“緩衝區”

生產者將生產好的資料放入緩衝區,消費者從緩衝區拿出資料
視訊連結

package thread.itc;
//測試:生產者消費者模型-->管程法
public class TestPC {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SynContainer container = new SynContainer();
        new Producer(container).start();
        new Consumer(container).start();
    }
}
//生產者
class Producer extends Thread{
    SynContainer container;
    public Producer(SynContainer container){
        this.container = container;
    }
    //生產
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 1; i < 100; i++) {
            container.push(new Chicken(i));
            System.out.println("生產了" + i + "只雞");
            try {
                Thread.sleep(0);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}
//消費者
class Consumer extends Thread{
    SynContainer container;
    public Consumer(SynContainer container){
        this.container = container;
    }
    //消費
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 1; i < 100; i++) {
            System.out.println("消費了-->" + container.pop().id + "只雞");
            try {
                Thread.sleep(0);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}
//產品
class Chicken{
    int id;
    public Chicken(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
}
//緩衝區
class SynContainer{
    //需要一個容器大小
    Chicken[] chickens = new Chicken[10];
    //容器計數器
    int count = 0;
    //生產者放入產品
    public synchronized void push(Chicken chicken){
        //如果容器滿了,需要等待消費者消費
        if(count == chickens.length){
            //通知消費者消費,生產等待
            try {
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        //如果沒有滿,丟入產品
        chickens[count] = chicken;
        count++;
        //可以通知消費者消費產品
        this.notifyAll();
    }

    //消費者消費產品
    public synchronized Chicken pop(){
        //判斷能否消費
        if (count == 0){
            //等待生產者生產
            try {
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        //如果可以消費
        count--;
        Chicken chicken = chickens[count];
        //吃完了,通知生產者生產
        this.notifyAll();
        return chicken;
    }
}

視訊連結


8.2 解決方式2

併發協作模型“生產者/消費者模式”-->訊號燈法

package thread.itc;
////測試:生產者消費者模型-->訊號燈法
public class TestPC2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Program program = new Program();
        new Player(program).start();
        new Audience(program).start();
    }
}
//生產者-->演員
class Player extends Thread{
    Program program;
    public Player(Program program){
        this.program = program;
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 1; i < 20; i++) {
            this.program.show ("Jay's專場", i);
        }
    }
}
//消費者-->觀眾
class Audience extends Thread{
    Program program;
    public Audience(Program program){
        this.program = program;
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 1; i < 20; i++) {
            this.program.clap();
        }
    }
}
//產品-->節目
class Program{
    //演員表演,觀眾觀看 T
    //觀眾鼓掌,演員致敬 F
    String name;//表演的節目
    int order;//節目序號
    boolean  flag = true;//訊號燈
    //表演
    public synchronized void show (String name, int order){
        if(!flag){
            try {
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        System.out.println("演員表演了" + name + "第" + order + "個節目");
        //觀眾鼓掌喝彩,演員致敬
        this.notifyAll();
        this.name = name;
        this.order = order;
        this.flag = !this.flag;
    }
    //鼓掌
    public synchronized void clap(){
        if (flag){
            try {
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        System.out.println("觀眾看完" + name + "第" + order + "個節目,會場響起熱烈掌聲,演員們鞠躬致敬");
        this.notifyAll();
        this.flag = !this.flag;
    }
}

視訊連結


9. 執行緒池

* 背景:經常建立和銷燬、使用量特別大的資源,比如併發情況下的執行緒,對效能影響很大
* 思路:提前建立好多個執行緒,放到執行緒池中,使用時直接獲取,使用完放回池中。可以避免繁建立銷燬、實現重複利用。類似生活中的公共交通工具(單車)。
* 好處:
	* 提高響應速度(減少了建立新執行緒的時間)
	* 降低資源消耗(重複利用執行緒池中執行緒,不用每次都建立)
	* 便於執行緒管理

newFixedThreadPool:執行緒池大小
corePoolSize:核心池的大小
maximumPoolSize:最大執行緒數
keepAliveTime:執行緒沒有任務時最多保持多長時間後會終止
執行緒池相關API:ExecutorService 和 Executors
void execute(Runnable command):執行任務/命令,沒有返回值,一般用來執行Runnable
<T>Future<T>submit(Callable<T>task):執行任務,有返回值,一般用來執行
Callablevoid shutdown():關閉連線池
Executors:工具類、執行緒池的工廠類,用於建立並返回不同型別的執行緒池

package thread.syn;

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

//測試執行緒池
public class TestPool {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //1.建立執行緒池
        ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
        service.execute(new MyThread());
        service.execute(new MyThread());
        service.execute(new MyThread());
        service.execute(new MyThread());
        //2.關閉連線
        service.shutdown();
    }
}

class MyThread implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "  " + i);
        }
    }
}

視訊連結1
視訊連結2