2021-07-22

陣列與字串

陣列（補充）

二維陣列中，a.length表示行數，a[i].length表示第i行的列數

動態初始化時，多維陣列的行數不可省略，列數可省略

陣列與方法互操作

給一個方法中傳入陣列型別，在引用傳遞的情況下，如果新陣列對值進行改變，則原陣列的值也隨之改變。

擴充套件陣列值：

public class ArrayExpend {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int[] a = new int[]{1, 2, 3, 4};
        System.out.println("陣列a：");
        arrayPrint(a);
 
        
 
int[] result1 = arrayExpend(a);
        System.out.println("擴充套件結果：");
        arrayPrint(result1);
        System.out.println("after陣列a：");
        arrayPrint(a);
 
        int[] result2 = arrayExpend2(a);
        System.out.println("擴充套件結果：");
        arrayPrint(result2);
        System.out.println(
 
"after陣列a：");
        arrayPrint(a);
    }
 
    public static int[] arrayExpend(int[] a) {
        if (a == null) {
            return new int[]{};
        }
        //陣列引用傳遞
        int[] temp = a;
        for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
            temp[i] = temp[i] * 5;
        }
        return
 
 temp;
    }
 
    public static int[] arrayExpend2(int[] a) {
        if (a == null) {
            return new int[]{};
        }
        //空間重新分配
        int[] temp = new int[a.length];
        for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
            temp[i] = a[i] * 4;
        }
        return temp;
    }
 
    public static void arrayPrint(int[] c) {
        if (c == null) {
            return;
        }
        for (int j = 0; j < c.length; j++) {
            System.out.print(c[j] + " ");
        }
        System.out.println();
    }
}

數字升序

java.util.Arrays.sort(arrayName)

import java.util.Arrays;
 
public class ArrayUtil {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int[] a = new int[]{1, 33, 5, 44, 76};//1,5,33,44,76
        System.out.println("排序之前：");
        arrayPrint(a);
        Arrays.sort(a);
        System.out.println("排序之後：");
        //改變原陣列
        arrayPrint(a);
    }
 
    public static void arrayPrint(int[] c) {
        if (c == null) {
            return;
        }
        for (int j = 0; j < c.length; j++) {
            System.out.print(c[j] + " ");
        }
        System.out.println();
    }
}

將指定源陣列中的陣列從指定位置複製到目標陣列的指定位置。

java.lang.System.arraycopy(Object src,int srcPos,Object dest, int destPos,int length);

public class ArrayUtil {
    //拷貝
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int[] src = new int[]{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8};
        int[] dest = new int[3];
        arrayPrint(src);
        arrayPrint(dest);
        //方法一
        // for(int i=2;i<5;i++){
        // dest[i-2]=src[i];
        // }
        //方法二
        System.arraycopy(src, 2, dest, 0, 3);
        arrayPrint(src);
        arrayPrint(dest);
    }
 
    public static void arrayPrint(int[] c) {
        if (c == null) {
            return;
        }
        for (int j = 0; j < c.length; j++) {
            System.out.print(c[j] + " ");
        }
        System.out.println();
    }
}

複製指定的陣列，用零擷取或填充（如有必要），以便複製具有指定的長度。

java.util.Arrays.copyOf(源陣列名稱,新陣列長度)

import java.util.Arrays;
 
public class ArrayUtil {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int[] src = new int[]{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8};
        arrayPrint(src);
        int[] dest1 = Arrays.copyOf(src, 7);
        //Arrays.copyOf不改變原陣列
        arrayPrint(src);
        arrayPrint(dest1);
        int[] dest2 = Arrays.copyOf(src, 10);
        arrayPrint(dest2);
    }
 
    public static void arrayPrint(int[] c) {
        if (c == null) {
            return;
        }
        for (int j = 0; j < c.length; j++) {
            System.out.print(c[j] + " ");
        }
        System.out.println();
    }
}

物件陣列

初始化

//動態初始化
類名稱[] 物件陣列名稱 = new 類名稱[長度];
 
//靜態初始化
類名稱[] 物件陣列名稱 = new 類名稱[] {};

public class ArrayOfObjects {
    //類方法
    public static void printArray(Person[] persons) {
        for (int i = 0; i < persons.length; i++) {
            System.out.println(persons[i]);
        }
    }
 
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Person person = new Person(1, "唐僧");//email=null; phone=null;
        System.out.println(person);//person.toString(); ——繼承自Object
 
        String s = "Bonjour";  //引用型別
        System.out.println(s);  //s.toString(); ——繼承

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
        //動態初始化
        Person[] persons = new Person[3];
        persons[0] = new Person(1, "Jack");
        persons[1] = new Person(2, "Tom", "[email protected]");
        persons[2] = new Person(3, "Alice", "[email protected]", "15265478955");
        ArrayOfObjects.printArray(persons);
 
        //靜態初始化
        Person[] persons2 = new Person[]{
                new Person(4, "Tony")
        };
        ArrayOfObjects.printArray(persons2);
    }
}
 
class Person {
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private String email;
    private String phone;
 
    //構造方法
    public Person(int id, String name) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
    }
 
    public Person(int id, String name, String email) {
        this(id, name);
        this.email = email;
    }
 
    public Person(int id, String name, String email, String phone) {
        this(id, name, email);
        this.phone = phone;
    }
 

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   
 //getter方法
    public int getId() {
        return this.id;
    }
 
    public String getName() {
        return this.name;
    }
 
    public String getEmail() {
        return this.email;
    }
 
    public String getPhone() {
        return this.phone;
    }

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
    //setter方法
    public void setEmail(String email) {
        this.email = email;
    }
 
    public void setPhone(String phone) {
        this.phone = phone;
    }
 
    public String toString() {
        return " 編號：" + this.id + " 姓名：" + this.name + " 郵箱：" + this.email + " 電話：" + this.phone;
    }
}