讀取shp檔案

R包：sf
資料來源：.shp

library(sf)
#st_read()函式可以讀取.shp檔案
data<-st_read("Income_schooling.shp")

注意：檔案路徑上不要出現漢字和空格，否則讀出的空間資料會出現亂碼
檢視空間資料data的前幾條記錄

head(data,n=4)

# Simple feature collection with 4 features and 5 fields
# Geometry type: MULTIPOLYGON
# Dimension:     XY
# Bounding box:  xmin: 379071.8 ymin: 4936182 xmax: 596500.1 ymax: 5255569
# Projected CRS: NAD83 / UTM zone 19N
# NAME Income   NoSchool NoSchoolSE IncomeSE                       geometry
# 1   Aroostook  21024 0.01338720 0.00140696  250.909 MULTIPOLYGON (((513821.1 51...
# 2    Somerset  21025 0.00521153 0.00115002  390.909 MULTIPOLYGON (((379071.8 50...
# 3 Piscataquis  21292 0.00633830 0.00212896  724.242 MULTIPOLYGON (((445039.5 51...
# 4   Penobscot  23307 0.00684534 0.00102545  242.424 MULTIPOLYGON (((472271.3 49...
 

geometry為多邊形的頂點資訊
進行視覺化表達：

#得到各個屬性的視覺化表達，若屬性值為連續變數，則會自動 呼叫冷暖色調來做數值區分；如果是類別變數，利用不同的顏色區分
plot(data)

讀取柵格檔案

R包：raster

library(raster)
img<-raster("elev.img")

空間資料檔案匯出

st_write(data, "shapefile_out.shp", driver="ESRI Shapefile")