MySQL資料庫伺服器通常指的的是mysqld，而命令列mysql則是mysql客戶端程式，這兩個概念通常容易混淆。通常啟動mysql伺服器即是啟動mysqld程序，mysqld啟動後，可以通過mysql連線到mysql伺服器。本文主要描述了mysql伺服器的幾種啟動方式以及如何關閉mysql伺服器。

1.直接使用mysqld啟動

　　mysqld 即是mysql伺服器，可以呼叫該命令直接啟動mysql伺服器.
[root@rhel64a ~]# cat /etc/issue
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.4 (Santiago)
1.1檢視mysqld啟動時的預設選項
[root@rhel64a ~]# mysqld --print-defaults
mysqld would have been started with the following arguments:
--socket=/tmp/mysql3306.sock --port=3306 --pid-file=/var/lib/mysql/my3306.pid --user=mysql --server-id=3306 --federated [root@rhel64a ~]# ps -ef|grep mysql
root 2963 2840 0 14:10 pts/0 00:00:00 grep mysql
　1.2檢視mysqld啟動配置檔案的優先順序
[root@rhel64a ~]# mysqld --verbose --help |grep -A 1 "Default options"
Default options are read from the following files in the given order:
/etc/my.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf /usr/etc/my.cnf ~/.my.cnf

　1.3檢視當前的my.cnf配置檔案
[root@rhel64a ~]# grep -v ^# /etc/my.cnf|head -n 7
[mysqld]
socket = /tmp/mysql3306.sock
port = 3306
pid-file = /var/lib/mysql/my3306.pid
user = mysql
server-id=3306
federated
1.4查詢mysqld程序
[root@rhel64a ~]# ps -ef|grep mysql|grep -v grep
mysql 18240 2641 1 20:25 pts/2 00:00:00 mysqld
[root@rhel64a ~]# mysql -uroot -pxxx -P3306 --protocol=tcp
root@localhost[(none)]> show variables like 'version';
+---------------+--------+ |
Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+--------+ |
version | 5.6.21 |
+---------------+--------+


2.mysql安全啟動