KSEM review 覆盤及學術論文寫作教程筆記

阿新 • • 發佈：2021-10-05

第一次投論文 KSEM 2021，收到了 5 個 reviewer 給的意見，指出了我論文中的不足和改進的建議，這些意見非常寶貴，因此整理記錄下來，日後寫論文時要牢記。

存在的問題

在 Introduction 的結尾，應該用一個 road-map 段落列出整篇文章的結構。
一些英文表述模糊，應當提升英文寫作技能。（這個後面我會專門學習T_T）
參考文獻列表中的文獻在文中出現時應當按照順序：[1]、[2]、[3]…… 所有的參考文獻都應在文中有提及。

能使文章更好的建議

相關工作中提到的模型最好和本文的模型形成對比實驗。
用圖展示實驗部分的對比結果更為直觀和清晰。
應對文中的演算法給出詳細的解釋以便讀者理解。

（寫東西的時候寫慢一點，爭取一次到位；事情多的時候時間分塊；打破自己的舒適區）

學術論文寫作教程筆記

參考：英語學術論文寫作教程史寶輝中國人民大學出版社

Writing Foundation

Know your readers
Logic
Style : Formal writing style rather than e-mail
Ten tips in creating academic style:
- "We" is better than "I"
- Never use contractions
- Avoid using negative forms (否定形式)
- Avoid using vague expressions
- Do not address the reader directly (不要直接向讀者講話)
- Use indirect questions rather than direct ones
- Place the adverbs in the mid-position
- Do not split infinitives
- Try not to be too wordy
- Use both active and passive voices but be aware that passive voice renders a more academic sense
Formality
- Phrases are often used under informal circumstances while words are used more formally.
Information Flow
- Sentences follow a progression from old information to new information
This + Summary Noun
- Can be widely used to refer to aforementioned information
Nominalization (名詞化)
- Nominalization gives priority to actions rather than to the people responsible for them

Introduction

Objective: (1) arouse readers' interest; (2) offer adequate information to prepare readers for understanding the paper and evaluating the worth if the study.
Basic skills: (1) relevant definition; (2) citations; (3) paraphrasing relevant work; (4) report the value of your study by using modal auxiliaries.

Funnel-shaped Structure
- The top presenting the broadest view and the rest narrowing down to the specific research problem
- The CARS (Creating-a-Research-Space) Model
  - Move 1: Establish a research territory
    a. by showing that the general research area is important, central, interesting, problematic, or relevant in some way (optional)
    b. by introducing and reviewing items of previous research in the area (obligatory)
  - Move 2: Establishing a niche (定位) by indicating a gap of the present research or by extending previous knowledge in some way (obligatory)
  - Move 3: Occupying the niche
    a. by outlining purposes of stating the nature of the present research (obligatory)
    b. by listing research questions or hypotheses
    c. by announcing principal findings
    d. by stating the value of the present research
    e. by indicating the structure of the RP
Writing a Definition
- Short definition
- Sentence definition
- Extended definition
Citations in Introduction
- Type One: Information Prominent Citation
  (1) Writer + publication year
  eg. Plasticity in plants is a very common response to environments (Schlichting, 1986).
  (2) Reference number
  eg. Fast charging level provides power to fully charge an EV battery in 20-30 minutes. [3]
- Type Two: Writer Prominent Citation
  (1) Writer's name + publication year
  eg. Harper (2008) found that the relationships between some reproductive traits and plant size varied with different environmental conditions.
  (2) Writer's name + reference number
  eg. Gomez and Scher [4] indicate that logical thinking and correct spelling are integral in solving crossword puzzles.
Verb Tenses in Citations
Simple past (一般過去時), present perfect (現在完成時) and simple present (一般現在時) are commonly used in citations.
(1) Referring to single studies: simple past
(2) Referring to areas of inquiry: present perfect
(3) Referring to state of current knowledge: simple present
Paraphrasing
Common strategies: replacing words with synonyms; changing word order; changing sentence structure.
Original sentence：A number of studies have indicated that changes in the availability of light may result in variation in growth-related traits.
Important information:
- Changes in the availability may influence some growth-related traits.
- Many studies has come to this conclusion.
  Establish relationships: cause and effect
  Linking words that can connect the points: due to, because, as a result, result in, result from
  Possible synonyms: indicate -> demonstrate; a number of -> many
  A paraphrased version: The finding that the change of growth-related traits would result from differences in light availability was demonstrated in many studies.
Establishing a Niche
Corresponds to Move 2, usually short (1 or 2 sentences). Four methods to establish a niche:
- Counter-claiming (something is wrong)
- Indicating a gap in previous research (Something is missing)
- Raising a question about previous research (something is unclear)
- Continuing a tradition (adding something)
  A shift from Move 1 to Move 2 would suggest a transition from general background to critical literature review.
- Connectors: however, but, despite, although, yet, nevertheless...
- Verbs: lack, fail, ignore, neglect, limit, misinterpret, hinder, question...
- Adjective: little, few, unreliable, unsatisfactory, inefficient, scarce, limited, uncertain, unclear, controversial, unconvincing, questionable...
Occupying the Niche
- Purposes or Nature of the Research
  Obligatory, outlining purposes or stating the method of the present research.
- Verb Tenses
  The subject is about the type of text/paper/article: simple present
  The subject is about the type of investigation/experiment/study: simple past
- Research Question
  May be inferred from the purposes of nature of the research
- Research Value
  When reporting value of your study, you should not make it sound too definite. By using modal auxiliaries(may, can, would), the statements sound more cautious and acceptable.
- Outline of the paper
Information Flow: old-to-new Pattern
Four ways to indicate old information:
- Repeat the words
- Use the synonyms of the words
- Use pronouns or demonstrative pronouns
- This/These + summary noun

Materials and Methods

Results

Discussion and Conclusion

Abstract

Title

由於時間關係，剩下幾塊沒看，這本書主要提供了普適通用的學術寫作方法，不專門針對 CS 領域。
留個坑，以後有時間的話再看吧（大概率是不會再回來了。。。）

參考：MT學術論文寫作方法和技巧劉洋

摘要

問題是什麼 -> 我們做了什麼 -> 我們大概是怎麼做的 -> 我們做得挺不錯

Introduction

常見的邏輯：說明問題是什麼 -> 簡單羅列前人的工作 -> 描述我們的工作
更好的邏輯：說明問題是什麼 -> 目前最好的工作面臨什麼挑戰 -> 我們的方法能夠緩解上述挑戰

段落的寫法

每個段落有個論斷性的中心句
其餘部分是支撐句，圍繞中心句展開論證
- 前人工作
- 具體資料
支撐句之間可分類組織
段尾可以加上銜接句
Trick: 在首頁放置一個圖或者表，讓讀者一目瞭然你所做的工作
資訊元素的易理解度：圖 > 表格 > 正文 > 公式 > 演算法 > 證明
圖和表的重要性：圖和表是論文的框架，爭取讓讀者按照順序看就能理解論文的主要思想，不用通過正文才能看懂
一般第一遍看，都會看圖、找例子，然後翻到後面找主要結果，再從頭看正文
把論文元素放在最應該被放在的地方，符合讀者的認知慣性，降低理解難度（不要以自己為中心，而是以讀者為中心）