從頭到尾依次掃描未排序序列，將掃描到的每個元素插入有序序列的適當位置。（如果待插入的元素與有序序列中的某個元素相等，則將待插入元素插入到相等元素的後面。

時間複雜度O(N^2)，額外空間複雜度O(1)

核心程式碼

public static void insertionSort(int[] arr) {
    if (arr == null || arr.length < 2) {
        return;
    }
    for (int i = 1; i < arr.length; i++) {
        for (int j = i - 1; j >= 0 && arr[j] > arr[j + 1]; j--) {
            swap(arr, j, j + 1);
        }
    }
}

public static void swap(int[] arr, int i, int j) {
    arr[i] = arr[i] ^ arr[j];
    arr[j] = arr[i] ^ arr[j];
    arr[i] = arr[i] ^ arr[j];
}
 

全部程式碼

package class01;

import java.util.Arrays;

public class Code03_InsertionSort {

	public static void insertionSort(int[] arr) {
		if (arr == null || arr.length < 2) {
			return;
		}
		for (int i = 1; i < arr.length; i++) {
			for (int j = i - 1; j >= 0 && arr[j] > arr[j + 1]; j--) {
				swap(arr, j, j + 1);
			}
		}
	}

	public static void swap(int[] arr, int i, int j) {
		arr[i] = arr[i] ^ arr[j];
		arr[j] = arr[i] ^ arr[j];
		arr[i] = arr[i] ^ arr[j];
	}

	// for test
	public static void comparator(int[] arr) {
		Arrays.sort(arr);
	}

	// for test
	public static int[] generateRandomArray(int maxSize, int maxValue) {
		int[] arr = new int[(int) ((maxSize + 1) * Math.random())];
		for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
			arr[i] = (int) ((maxValue + 1) * Math.random()) - (int) (maxValue * Math.random());
		}
		return arr;
	}

	// for test
	public static int[] copyArray(int[] arr) {
		if (arr == null) {
			return null;
		}
		int[] res = new int[arr.length];
		for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
			res[i] = arr[i];
		}
		return res;
	}

	// for test
	public static boolean isEqual(int[] arr1, int[] arr2) {
		if ((arr1 == null && arr2 != null) || (arr1 != null && arr2 == null)) {
			return false;
		}
		if (arr1 == null && arr2 == null) {
			return true;
		}
		if (arr1.length != arr2.length) {
			return false;
		}
		for (int i = 0; i < arr1.length; i++) {
			if (arr1[i] != arr2[i]) {
				return false;
			}
		}
		return true;
	}

	// for test
	public static void printArray(int[] arr) {
		if (arr == null) {
			return;
		}
		for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
			System.out.print(arr[i] + " ");
		}
		System.out.println();
	}

	// for test
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		int testTime = 500000;
		int maxSize = 100;
		int maxValue = 100;
		boolean succeed = true;
		for (int i = 0; i < testTime; i++) {
			int[] arr1 = generateRandomArray(maxSize, maxValue);
			int[] arr2 = copyArray(arr1);
			insertionSort(arr1);
			comparator(arr2);
			if (!isEqual(arr1, arr2)) {
				succeed = false;
				break;
			}
		}
		System.out.println(succeed ? "Nice!" : "Fucking fucked!");

		int[] arr = generateRandomArray(maxSize, maxValue);
		printArray(arr);
		insertionSort(arr);
		printArray(arr);
	}

}