hive預設將元資料儲存到本地內嵌的Derby資料庫中，但是Derby不支援多會話連結，因此我們使用mysql資料庫來儲存hive的元資料。配置完成hiveSQL的元資料庫之後再開始安裝、配置hive。

1、線上安裝mysql

安裝命令為

sudo apt-get install mysql-server

當出現下面提示選擇的時候輸入y 同意繼續安裝

hduser@master:~$ sudo apt-getinstallmysql-server

Readingpackagelists... Done

Building dependency tree

Reading state information... Done

Thefollowingpackages were automatically installedandarenolongerrequired:

linux-headers-4.13.0-36 linux-headers-4.13.0-36-generic

linux-headers-4.13.0-41 linux-headers-4.13.0-41-generic

linux-image-4.13.0-36-generic linux-image-4.13.0-41-generic

linux-image-extra-4.13.0-36-generic linux-image-extra-4.13.0-41-generic

Use'sudo apt autoremove'toremove them.

Thefollowingadditional packages will be installed:

libaio1 libevent-core-2.0-5 libhtml-template-perl mysql-client-5.7

mysql-client-core-5.7 mysql-common mysql-server-5.7 mysql-server-core-5.7

Suggested packages:

libipc-sharedcache-perl mailx tinyca

Thefollowing

libaio1 libevent-core-2.0-5 libhtml-template-perl mysql-client-5.7

mysql-client-core-5.7 mysql-common mysql-servermysql-server-5.7

mysql-server-core-5.7

0 upgraded, 9 newly installed, 0toremoveand101notupgraded.

Needtoget18.1 MBofarchives.

Afterthis operation, 161 MBofadditional diskspacewill be used.

Doyou wanttocontinue? [Y/n] y

然後安裝繼續執行，輸出如下內容，完成安裝。中間會有讓設定root密碼提示，輸入密碼按向下的方向鍵確認，然後再輸入一次確認密碼

Get:1http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntuxenial-updates/main amd64 mysql-commonall 5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1[15.4 kB]

Get:2http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntuxenial/main amd64 libaio1 amd64 0.3.110-2 [6,356 B]

Get:3http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntuxenial-updates/main amd64 mysql-client-core-5.7 amd64 5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1[6,425 kB]

Get:4http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntuxenial-updates/main amd64 mysql-client-5.7 amd64 5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1[1,673 kB]

Get:5http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntuxenial-updates/main amd64 mysql-server-core-5.7 amd64 5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1[7,268 kB]

Get:6http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntuxenial-updates/main amd64 libevent-core-2.0-5 amd64 2.0.21-stable-2ubuntu0.16.04.1[70.6 kB]

Get:7http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntuxenial-updates/main amd64 mysql-server-5.7 amd64 5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1[2,583 kB]

Get:8http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntuxenial/main amd64 libhtml-template-perl all 2.95-2 [60.4 kB]

Get:9http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntuxenial-updates/main amd64 mysql-server all 5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1[10.8 kB]

Fetched 18.1 MBin1min 56s (155 kB/s)

Preconfiguring packages ...

Selecting previously unselected package mysql-common.

(Reading database ... 285825 filesanddirectories currently installed.)

Preparing to unpack .../mysql-common_5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1_all.deb ...

Unpacking mysql-common(5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1) ...

Selecting previously unselected package libaio1:amd64.

Preparing to unpack .../libaio1_0.3.110-2_amd64.deb ...

Unpacking libaio1:amd64 (0.3.110-2) ...

Selecting previously unselected package mysql-client-core-5.7.

Preparing to unpack .../mysql-client-core-5.7_5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1_amd64.deb ...

Unpacking mysql-client-core-5.7 (5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1) ...

Selecting previously unselected package mysql-client-5.7.

Preparing to unpack .../mysql-client-5.7_5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1_amd64.deb ...

Unpacking mysql-client-5.7 (5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1) ...

Selecting previously unselected package mysql-server-core-5.7.

Preparing to unpack .../mysql-server-core-5.7_5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1_amd64.deb ...

Unpacking mysql-server-core-5.7 (5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1) ...

Selecting previously unselected package libevent-core-2.0-5:amd64.

Preparing to unpack .../libevent-core-2.0-5_2.0.21-stable-2ubuntu0.16.04.1_amd64.deb ...

Unpacking libevent-core-2.0-5:amd64 (2.0.21-stable-2ubuntu0.16.04.1) ...

Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.23-0ubuntu10) ...

Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.5-1) ...

Settingupmysql-common(5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1) ...

update-alternatives: using /etc/mysql/my.cnf.fallback to provide /etc/mysql/my.cnf (my.cnf)inauto mode

Selecting previously unselected package mysql-server-5.7.

(Reading database ... 285993 filesanddirectories currently installed.)

Preparing to unpack .../mysql-server-5.7_5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1_amd64.deb ...

Unpacking mysql-server-5.7 (5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1) ...

Selecting previously unselected package libhtml-template-perl.

Preparing to unpack .../libhtml-template-perl_2.95-2_all.deb ...

Unpacking libhtml-template-perl (2.95-2) ...

Selecting previously unselected package mysql-server.

Preparing to unpack .../mysql-server_5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1_all.deb ...

Unpacking mysql-server (5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1) ...

Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.5-1) ...

Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-19) ...

Processing triggers for systemd (229-4ubuntu21.1) ...

Settinguplibaio1:amd64 (0.3.110-2) ...

Settingupmysql-client-core-5.7 (5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1) ...

Settingupmysql-client-5.7 (5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1) ...

Settingupmysql-server-core-5.7 (5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1) ...

Settinguplibevent-core-2.0-5:amd64 (2.0.21-stable-2ubuntu0.16.04.1) ...

Settingupmysql-server-5.7 (5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1) ...

update-alternatives: using /etc/mysql/mysql.cnf to provide /etc/mysql/my.cnf (my.cnf)inauto mode

Renaming removed key_bufferandmyisam-recover options (if present)

Settinguplibhtml-template-perl (2.95-2) ...

Settingupmysql-server (5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1) ...

Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.23-0ubuntu10) ...

Processing triggers for systemd (229-4ubuntu21.1) ...

Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-19) ...

使用如下命令登入MySQL伺服器。在提示輸入密碼的地方輸入剛才設定的root密碼

hduser@master:/etc/network$ mysql -uroot -p

Enter password:

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 4

Server version: 5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1 (Ubuntu)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;

+--------------------+

| Database |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| mysql |

| performance_schema |

| sys |

+--------------------+

4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

2、在Mysql中建立hive元資料資料庫

建立hive資料庫

mysql>createdatabasehive;

將hive資料庫的所有許可權賦給hive使用者

mysql>create user 'hive'@'%' identified by 'hive';

mysql>grant all privileges on *.* to 'hive'@'%' with grant option;

mysql>flush privileges;

mysql>use hive;

mysql>select user,host,password from mysql.user;

注：在ubuntu中，預設情況下富貴地圖MySQL只允許本底登陸，所以需要修改配置檔案將地址繫結註釋掉

sudo vim /etc/mysql/my.cnf

#bind-address = 127.0.0.1 #註釋掉

3、安裝hive

下載最新穩定版hive

https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/hive/hive-2.3.3/apache-hive-2.3.3-bin.tar.gz

上傳到master節點的/home/hduser/Downloads目錄下

解壓

tar -zxvf Downloads/apache-hive-2.3.3-bin.tar.gz

更改安裝檔名稱

hduser@master:~$ mv apache-hive-2.3.3-bin/ ./hive

hduser@master:~$

配置使用者環境變數

vim ~/.bashrc

在檔案末尾新增如下內容

#HIVE

export HIVE_HOME=/home/hduser/hive

export PATH=$PATH:$HIVE_HOME/bin

最後重新匯入環境變數

source ~/.bashrc

注：通過source方法只是臨時重置了系統環境變數，若想系統環境變數永久生效重啟是不錯的方法

4、配置hive引數

配置hive-site.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>

<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>

<configuration>

<!--指定元資料庫連線資訊-->

<property>

<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>

<value>jdbc:mysql://master:3306/hive?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true</value>

<description>JDBC connect string for a JDBC metastore</description>

</property>

<!--指定元資料庫連線驅動程式主類-->

<property>

<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>

<value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>

<description>Driver class name for a JDBC metastore</description>

</property>

<!--指定元資料庫使用者名稱-->

<property>

<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name>

<value>hive</value>

<description>username to use against metastore database</description>

</property>

<!--指定元資料庫使用者密碼-->

<property>

<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name>

<value>hive</value>

<description>password to use against metastore database</description>

</property>

</configuration>

我們也可指定某個資料夾來存放元資料

<property>

<name>hive.metastore.warehouse.dir</name>

<value>/home/hduser/hive/warehouse</value>

<description>location of default database for the warehouse</description>

</property>

下載mysql-connector-java-5.1.46.tar.gz，下載連結為

https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/Connector-J/mysql-connector-java-5.1.46.tar.gz

將其解壓後在資料夾中選擇mysql-connector-java-5.1.46-bin.jar上傳到master節點的/home/hduser/Downloads目錄下。最後將JDBC檔案放到hive的lib資料夾內即可。

5、啟動hive

Hive資料儲存到HDFS上，因此要先啟動hadoop

start-all.sh

格式化hive

schematool -dbType mysql -initSchema

啟動hive命令列

hive

HiveSQL的優點是學習成本低，可以通過類似SQL語句實現快速MapReduce統計，使MapReduce變得更加簡單，而不必開發專門的MapReduce應用程式。hive是十分適合資料倉庫的統計分析和Windows登錄檔檔案。