1. 程式人生 > 其它 >Kubeadm方式部署企業級K8s叢集

Kubeadm方式部署企業級K8s叢集

一、前置知識點

1.1 生產環境可部署Kubernetes叢集的兩種方式

目前生產部署Kubernetes叢集主要有兩種方式:

  • kubeadm

Kubeadm是一個K8s部署工具,提供kubeadm init和kubeadm join,用於快速部署Kubernetes叢集。

  • 二進位制包

從github下載發行版的二進位制包,手動部署每個元件,組成Kubernetes叢集。

這裡採用kubeadm搭建叢集。

kubeadm工具功能:

  • kubeadm init:初始化一個Master節點
  • kubeadm join:將工作節點加入叢集
  • kubeadm upgrade:升級K8s版本
  • kubeadm token:
    管理 kubeadm join 使用的令牌
  • kubeadm reset:清空 kubeadm init 或者 kubeadm join 對主機所做的任何更改
  • kubeadm version:列印 kubeadm 版本
  • kubeadm alpha:預覽可用的新功能

1.2 準備環境

伺服器要求:

  • 建議最小硬體配置:2核CPU、2G記憶體、30G硬碟
  • 伺服器最好可以訪問外網,會有從網上拉取映象需求,如果伺服器不能上網,需要提前下載對應映象並匯入節點

軟體環境:

軟體

版本

作業系統

CentOS7.8_x64 (最小化安裝)

Docker

19-ce

Kubernetes

1.20

伺服器整體規劃:

角色

IP

其他單裝元件

k8s-master1

192.168.31.61

docker,etcd,nginx,keepalived

k8s-master2

192.168.31.62

docker,etcd,nginx,keepalived

k8s-node1

192.168.31.63

docker,etcd

負載均衡器對外IP

192.168.31.88 (VIP)

架構圖

1.3 作業系統初始化配置

# 關閉防火牆
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld

# 關閉selinux
sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config # 永久
setenforce 0 # 臨時

# 關閉swap
swapoff -a # 臨時
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab # 永久

# 根據規劃設定主機名
hostnamectl set-hostname <hostname>

# 在master新增hosts
cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
192.168.31.61 k8s-master1
192.168.31.62 k8s-master2
192.168.31.63 k8s-node1
EOF

# 將橋接的IPv4流量傳遞到iptables的鏈
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
sysctl --system # 生效

# 時間同步
yum install ntpdate -y
ntpdate time.windows.com

二、部署Nginx+Keepalived高可用負載均衡器

  Kubernetes作為容器集群系統,通過健康檢查+重啟策略實現了Pod故障自我修復能力,通過排程演算法實現將Pod分散式部署,並保持預期副本數,根據Node失效狀態自動在其他Node拉起Pod,實現了應用層的高可用性。

針對Kubernetes叢集,高可用性還應包含以下兩個層面的考慮:Etcd資料庫的高可用性和Kubernetes Master元件的高可用性。 而kubeadm搭建的K8s叢集,Etcd只起了一個,存在單點,所以我們這裡會獨立搭建一個Etcd叢集。

Master節點扮演著總控中心的角色,通過不斷與工作節點上的Kubelet和kube-proxy進行通訊來維護整個叢集的健康工作狀態。如果Master節點故障,將無法使用kubectl工具或者API做任何叢集管理。

Master節點主要有三個服務kube-apiserver、kube-controller-manager和kube-scheduler,其中kube-controller-manager和kube-scheduler元件自身通過選擇機制已經實現了高可用,所以Master高可用主要針對kube-apiserver元件,而該元件是以HTTP API提供服務,因此對他高可用與Web伺服器類似,增加負載均衡器對其負載均衡即可,並且可水平擴容。

kube-apiserver高可用架構圖:

  • Nginx是一個主流Web服務和反向代理伺服器,這裡用四層實現對apiserver實現負載均衡。
  • Keepalived是一個主流高可用軟體,基於VIP繫結實現伺服器雙機熱備,在上述拓撲中,Keepalived主要根據Nginx執行狀態判斷是否需要故障轉移(偏移VIP),例如當Nginx主節點掛掉,VIP會自動繫結在Nginx備節點,從而保證VIP一直可用,實現Nginx高可用。

注:為了節省機器,這裡與K8s master節點機器複用。也可以獨立於k8s叢集之外部署,只要nginx與apiserver能通訊就行。

2.1 安裝軟體包(主/備)

yum install epel-release -y
yum install nginx keepalived -y

2.2 Nginx配置檔案(主/備一樣)

cat > /etc/nginx/nginx.conf << "EOF"
user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;

include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;

events {
worker_connections 1024;
}

# 四層負載均衡,為兩臺Master apiserver元件提供負載均衡
stream {

log_format main '$remote_addr $upstream_addr - [$time_local] $status $upstream_bytes_sent';

access_log /var/log/nginx/k8s-access.log main;

upstream k8s-apiserver {
server 192.168.31.61:6443; # Master1 APISERVER IP:PORT
server 192.168.31.62:6443; # Master2 APISERVER IP:PORT
}

server {
listen 16443; # 由於nginx與master節點複用,這個監聽埠不能是6443,否則會衝突
proxy_pass k8s-apiserver;
}
}

http {
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;

sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
types_hash_max_size 2048;

include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;

server {
listen 80 default_server;
server_name _;

location / {
}
}
}
EOF

2.3 keepalived配置檔案(Nginx Master)

cat > /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf << EOF
global_defs {
notification_email {
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
}
notification_email_from [email protected]
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id NGINX_MASTER
}

vrrp_script check_nginx {
script "/etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh"
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface ens33 # 修改為實際網絡卡名
virtual_router_id 51 # VRRP 路由 ID例項,每個例項是唯一的
priority 100 # 優先順序,備伺服器設定 90
advert_int 1 # 指定VRRP 心跳包通告間隔時間,預設1秒
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
# 虛擬IP
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.31.88/24
}
track_script {
check_nginx
}
}
EOF
  • vrrp_script:指定檢查nginx工作狀態指令碼(根據nginx狀態判斷是否故障轉移)
  • virtual_ipaddress:虛擬IP(VIP)

準備上述配置檔案中檢查nginx執行狀態的指令碼:

cat > /etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh << "EOF"
#!/bin/bash
count=$(ss -antp |grep 16443 |egrep -cv "grep|$$")

if [ "$count" -eq 0 ];then
exit 1
else
exit 0
fi
EOF
chmod +x /etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh

2.4 keepalived配置檔案(Nginx Backup)

cat > /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf << EOF
global_defs {
notification_email {
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
}
notification_email_from [email protected]
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id NGINX_BACKUP
}

vrrp_script check_nginx {
script "/etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh"
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface ens33
virtual_router_id 51 # VRRP 路由 ID例項,每個例項是唯一的
priority 90
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.31.88/24
}
track_script {
check_nginx
}
}
EOF

準備上述配置檔案中檢查nginx執行狀態的指令碼:

cat > /etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh << "EOF"
#!/bin/bash
count=$(ss -antp |grep 16443 |egrep -cv "grep|$$")

if [ "$count" -eq 0 ];then
exit 1
else
exit 0
fi
EOF
chmod +x /etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh

注:keepalived根據指令碼返回狀態碼(0為工作正常,非0不正常)判斷是否故障轉移。

2.5 啟動並設定開機啟動

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start nginx
systemctl start keepalived
systemctl enable nginx
systemctl enable keepalived

2.6 檢視keepalived工作狀態

ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:04:f7:2c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.31.80/24 brd 192.168.31.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 192.168.31.88/24 scope global secondary ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe04:f72c/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

可以看到,在ens33網絡卡綁定了192.168.31.88 虛擬IP,說明工作正常。

2.7 Nginx+Keepalived高可用測試

關閉主節點Nginx,測試VIP是否漂移到備節點伺服器。

在Nginx Master執行 pkill nginx
在Nginx Backup,ip addr命令檢視已成功繫結VIP。

三、部署Etcd叢集

如果你在學習中遇到問題或者文件有誤可聯絡阿良~ 微信: k8init

Etcd 是一個分散式鍵值儲存系統,Kubernetes使用Etcd進行資料儲存,kubeadm搭建預設情況下只啟動一個Etcd Pod,存在單點故障,生產環境強烈不建議,所以我們這裡使用3臺伺服器組建叢集,可容忍1臺機器故障,當然,你也可以使用5臺組建叢集,可容忍2臺機器故障。

節點名稱

IP

etcd-1

192.168.31.61

etcd-2

192.168.31.62

etcd-3

192.168.31.63

注:為了節省機器,這裡與K8s節點機器複用。也可以獨立於k8s叢集之外部署,只要apiserver能連線到就行。

3.1 準備cfssl證書生成工具

cfssl是一個開源的證書管理工具,使用json檔案生成證書,相比openssl更方便使用。

找任意一臺伺服器操作,這裡用Master節點。

wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
chmod +x cfssl_linux-amd64 cfssljson_linux-amd64 cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
mv cfssl_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl
mv cfssljson_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
mv cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 /usr/bin/cfssl-certinfo

3.2 生成Etcd證書

1. 自簽證書頒發機構(CA)

建立工作目錄:

mkdir -p ~/etcd_tls
cd ~/etcd_tls

自籤CA:

cat > ca-config.json << EOF
{
"signing": {
"default": {
"expiry": "87600h"
},
"profiles": {
"www": {
"expiry": "87600h",
"usages": [
"signing",
"key encipherment",
"server auth",
"client auth"
]
}
}
}
}
EOF

cat > ca-csr.json << EOF
{
"CN": "etcd CA",
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "Beijing",
"ST": "Beijing"
}
]
}
EOF

生成證書:

cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -

會生成ca.pem和ca-key.pem檔案。

2. 使用自籤CA簽發Etcd HTTPS證書

建立證書申請檔案:

cat > server-csr.json << EOF
{
"CN": "etcd",
"hosts": [
"192.168.31.61",
"192.168.31.62",
"192.168.31.63"
],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "BeiJing",
"ST": "BeiJing"
}
]
}
EOF

注:上述檔案hosts欄位中IP為所有etcd節點的叢集內部通訊IP,一個都不能少!為了方便後期擴容可以多寫幾個預留的IP。

生成證書:

cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=www server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server

會生成server.pem和server-key.pem檔案。

3.3 從Github下載二進位制檔案

下載地址:https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.4.9/etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz

3.4 部署Etcd叢集

以下在節點1上操作,為簡化操作,待會將節點1生成的所有檔案拷貝到節點2和節點3。

1. 建立工作目錄並解壓二進位制包

mkdir /opt/etcd/{bin,cfg,ssl} -p
tar zxvf etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz
mv etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64/{etcd,etcdctl} /opt/etcd/bin/

2. 建立etcd配置檔案

cat > /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf << EOF
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd-1"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.31.61:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.31.61:2379"

#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.31.61:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.31.61:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://192.168.31.61:2380,etcd-2=https://192.168.31.62:2380,etcd-3=https://192.168.31.63:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
EOF
  • ETCD_NAME:節點名稱,叢集中唯一
  • ETCDDATADIR:資料目錄
  • ETCDLISTENPEER_URLS:叢集通訊監聽地址
  • ETCDLISTENCLIENT_URLS:客戶端訪問監聽地址
  • ETCDINITIALADVERTISEPEERURLS:叢集通告地址
  • ETCDADVERTISECLIENT_URLS:客戶端通告地址
  • ETCDINITIALCLUSTER:叢集節點地址
  • ETCDINITIALCLUSTER_TOKEN:叢集Token
  • ETCDINITIALCLUSTER_STATE:加入叢集的當前狀態,new是新叢集,existing表示加入已有叢集

3. systemd管理etcd

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target

[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf
ExecStart=/opt/etcd/bin/etcd \
--cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--peer-cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--peer-key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--peer-trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--logger=zap
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

4. 拷貝剛才生成的證書

把剛才生成的證書拷貝到配置檔案中的路徑:

cp ~/etcd_tls/ca*pem ~/etcd_tls/server*pem /opt/etcd/ssl/

5. 啟動並設定開機啟動

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start etcd
systemctl enable etcd

6. 將上面節點1所有生成的檔案拷貝到節點2和節點3

scp -r /opt/etcd/ [email protected]:/opt/
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service [email protected]:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
scp -r /opt/etcd/ [email protected]:/opt/
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service [email protected]:/usr/lib/systemd/system/

然後在節點2和節點3分別修改etcd.conf配置檔案中的節點名稱和當前伺服器IP:

vi /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd-1" # 修改此處,節點2改為etcd-2,節點3改為etcd-3
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.31.71:2380" # 修改此處為當前伺服器IP
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.31.71:2379" # 修改此處為當前伺服器IP

#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.31.71:2380" # 修改此處為當前伺服器IP
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.31.71:2379" # 修改此處為當前伺服器IP
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://192.168.31.71:2380,etcd-2=https://192.168.31.72:2380,etcd-3=https://192.168.31.73:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"

最後啟動etcd並設定開機啟動,同上。

7. 檢視叢集狀態

ETCDCTL_API=3 /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl --cacert=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem --key=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --endpoints="https://192.168.31.61:2379,https://192.168.31.62:2379,https://192.168.31.63:2379" endpoint health --write-out=table

+----------------------------+--------+-------------+-------+
| ENDPOINT | HEALTH | TOOK | ERROR |
+----------------------------+--------+-------------+-------+
| https://192.168.31.61:2379 | true | 10.301506ms | |
| https://192.168.31.63:2379 | true | 12.87467ms | |
| https://192.168.31.62:2379 | true | 13.225954ms | |
+----------------------------+--------+-------------+-------+

如果輸出上面資訊,就說明叢集部署成功。

如果有問題第一步先看日誌:/var/log/message 或 journalctl -u etcd

四、安裝Docker/kubeadm/kubelet【所有節點】

這裡使用Docker作為容器引擎,也可以換成別的,例如containerd

4.1 安裝Docker

wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo -O /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
yum -y install docker-ce
systemctl enable docker && systemctl start docker

配置映象下載加速器:

cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json << EOF
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://b9pmyelo.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF

systemctl restart docker
docker info

4.2 新增阿里雲YUM軟體源

cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo << EOF
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF

4.3 安裝kubeadm,kubelet和kubectl

由於版本更新頻繁,這裡指定版本號部署:

yum install -y kubelet-1.20.0 kubeadm-1.20.0 kubectl-1.20.0
systemctl enable kubelet

五、部署Kubernetes Master

如果你在學習中遇到問題或者文件有誤可聯絡阿良~ 微信: k8init

5.1 初始化Master1

生成初始化配置檔案:

cat > kubeadm-config.yaml << EOF
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta2
bootstrapTokens:
- groups:
- system:bootstrappers:kubeadm:default-node-token
token: 9037x2.tcaqnpaqkra9vsbw
ttl: 24h0m0s
usages:
- signing
- authentication
kind: InitConfiguration
localAPIEndpoint:
advertiseAddress: 192.168.31.61
bindPort: 6443
nodeRegistration:
criSocket: /var/run/dockershim.sock
name: k8s-master1
taints:
- effect: NoSchedule
key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
---
apiServer:
certSANs: # 包含所有Master/LB/VIP IP,一個都不能少!為了方便後期擴容可以多寫幾個預留的IP。
- k8s-master1
- k8s-master2
- 192.168.31.61
- 192.168.31.62
- 192.168.31.63
- 127.0.0.1
extraArgs:
authorization-mode: Node,RBAC
timeoutForControlPlane: 4m0s
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta2
certificatesDir: /etc/kubernetes/pki
clusterName: kubernetes
controlPlaneEndpoint: 192.168.31.88:16443 # 負載均衡虛擬IP(VIP)和埠
controllerManager: {}
dns:
type: CoreDNS
etcd:
external: # 使用外部etcd
endpoints:
- https://192.168.31.61:2379 # etcd叢集3個節點
- https://192.168.31.62:2379
- https://192.168.31.63:2379
caFile: /opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem # 連線etcd所需證書
certFile: /opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem
keyFile: /opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem
imageRepository: registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers # 由於預設拉取映象地址k8s.gcr.io國內無法訪問,這裡指定阿里雲映象倉庫地址
kind: ClusterConfiguration
kubernetesVersion: v1.20.0 # K8s版本,與上面安裝的一致
networking:
dnsDomain: cluster.local
podSubnet: 10.244.0.0/16 # Pod網路,與下面部署的CNI網路元件yaml中保持一致
serviceSubnet: 10.96.0.0/12 # 叢集內部虛擬網路,Pod統一訪問入口
scheduler: {}
EOF

或者使用配置檔案引導:

kubeadm init --config kubeadm-config.yaml
...
Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!

To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:

export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf

You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/

You can now join any number of control-plane nodes by copying certificate authorities
and service account keys on each node and then running the following as root:

kubeadm join 192.168.31.88:16443 --token 9037x2.tcaqnpaqkra9vsbw \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:b1e726042cdd5df3ce62e60a2f86168cd2e64bff856e061e465df10cd36295b8 \
--control-plane

Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:

kubeadm join 192.168.31.88:16443 --token 9037x2.tcaqnpaqkra9vsbw \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:b1e726042cdd5df3ce62e60a2f86168cd2e64bff856e061e465df10cd36295b8

初始化完成後,會有兩個join的命令,帶有 --control-plane 是用於加入組建多master叢集的,不帶的是加入節點的。

拷貝kubectl使用的連線k8s認證檔案到預設路徑:

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
kubectl get node
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-master1 NotReady control-plane,master 6m42s v1.20.0

5.2 初始化Master2

將Master1節點生成的證書拷貝到Master2:

scp -r /etc/kubernetes/pki/ 192.168.31.62:/etc/kubernetes/

複製加入master join命令在master2執行:

 kubeadm join 192.168.31.88:16443 --token 9037x2.tcaqnpaqkra9vsbw \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:b1e726042cdd5df3ce62e60a2f86168cd2e64bff856e061e465df10cd36295b8 \
--control-plane

拷貝kubectl使用的連線k8s認證檔案到預設路徑:

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

kubectl get node
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-master1 NotReady control-plane,master 28m v1.20.0
k8s-master2 NotReady control-plane,master 2m12s v1.20.0

注:由於網路外掛還沒有部署,還沒有準備就緒 NotReady

5.3 訪問負載均衡器測試

找K8s叢集中任意一個節點,使用curl檢視K8s版本測試,使用VIP訪問:

curl -k https://192.168.31.88:16443/version
{
"major": "1",
"minor": "20",
"gitVersion": "v1.20.0",
"gitCommit": "e87da0bd6e03ec3fea7933c4b5263d151aafd07c",
"gitTreeState": "clean",
"buildDate": "2021-02-18T16:03:00Z",
"goVersion": "go1.15.8",
"compiler": "gc",
"platform": "linux/amd64"
}

可以正確獲取到K8s版本資訊,說明負載均衡器搭建正常。該請求資料流程:curl -> vip(nginx) -> apiserver

通過檢視Nginx日誌也可以看到轉發apiserver IP:

tail /var/log/nginx/k8s-access.log -f
192.168.31.71 192.168.31.71:6443 - [02/Apr/2021:19:17:57 +0800] 200 423
192.168.31.71 192.168.31.72:6443 - [02/Apr/2021:19:18:50 +0800] 200 423

六、加入Kubernetes Node

在192.168.31.63(Node)執行。

向叢集新增新節點,執行在kubeadm init輸出的kubeadm join命令:

kubeadm join 192.168.31.88:16443 --token 9037x2.tcaqnpaqkra9vsbw \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:e6a724bb7ef8bb363762fbaa088f6eb5975e0c654db038560199a7063735a697

後續其他節點也是這樣加入。

注:預設token有效期為24小時,當過期之後,該token就不可用了。這時就需要重新建立token,可以直接使用命令快捷生成:kubeadm token create --print-join-command

七、部署網路元件

Calico是一個純三層的資料中心網路方案,是目前Kubernetes主流的網路方案。

部署Calico:

kubectl apply -f calico.yaml
kubectl get pods -n kube-system

等Calico Pod都Running,節點也會準備就緒:

kubectl get node
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-master1 Ready control-plane,master 50m v1.20.0
k8s-master2 Ready control-plane,master 24m v1.20.0
k8s-node1 Ready <none> 20m v1.20.0

八、部署 Dashboard

Dashboard是官方提供的一個UI,可用於基本管理K8s資源。

kubectl apply -f kubernetes-dashboard.yaml
# 檢視部署
kubectl get pods -n kubernetes-dashboard

訪問地址:https://NodeIP:30001

建立service account並繫結預設cluster-admin管理員叢集角色:

kubectl create serviceaccount dashboard-admin -n kube-system
kubectl create clusterrolebinding dashboard-admin --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kube-system:dashboard-admin
kubectl describe secrets -n kube-system $(kubectl -n kube-system get secret | awk '/dashboard-admin/{print $1}')

使用輸出的token登入Dashboard。