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pip 常用命令

1 檢視幫助文件

pip --help
Usage:   
  pip <command> [options]

Commands:
  install                     Install packages.
  download                    Download packages.
  uninstall                   Uninstall packages.
  freeze                      Output installed packages in requirements format.
  list                        List installed packages.
  show                        Show information about installed packages.
  check                       Verify installed packages have compatible dependencies.
  config                      Manage local 
and global configuration. search Search PyPI for packages. wheel Build wheels from your requirements. hash Compute hashes of package archives. completion A helper command used for command completion. help Show help
for commands. General Options: -h, --help Show help. --isolated Run pip in an isolated mode, ignoring environment variables and user configuration. -v, --verbose Give more output. Option is additive, and can be used up to
3 times. -V, --version Show version and exit. -q, --quiet Give less output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3 times (corresponding to WARNING, ERROR, and CRITICAL logging levels). ··· ···

使用時,輸入pip <command> [options]形式的指令,即可執行相應的命令,並且,command 和 options 可以任意組合

pip install --help
pip uninstall  --help
Usage:
  pip install [options] <requirement specifier> [package-index-options] ...
  pip install [options] -r <requirements file> [package-index-options] ...
  pip install [options] [-e] <vcs project url> ...
  pip install [options] [-e] <local project path> ...
  pip install [options] <archive url/path> ...

Description:
  Install packages from:

  - PyPI (and other indexes) using requirement specifiers.
  - VCS project urls.
  - Local project directories.
  - Local or remote source archives.

  pip also supports installing from "requirements files", which provide
  an easy way to specify a whole environment to be installed.

Install Options:
  -r, --requirement <file>    Install from the given requirements file. This option can be used multiple times.
  -c, --constraint <file>     Constrain versions using the given constraints file. This option can be used multiple
                              times.
  --no-deps                   Don't install package dependencies.

2 install

使用 install 命令用於安裝軟體包。

pip install [options] <requirement specifier> [package-index-options] ...
pip install [options] -r <requirements file> [package-index-options] ...
pip install [options] [-e] <vcs project url> ...
pip install [options] [-e] <local project path> ...
pip install [options] <archive url/path> ...

第一種: pip install [options] [package-index-options]

這種方法用於從 Python 包索引網站上直接下載並安裝軟體包,預設使用PyPI上的包索引。安裝時,只需提供包名即可,下載安裝會自動進行。

pip install numpy

通過使用==, >=, <=, >, < 來指定一個版本號,未指定版本號,將預設下載最新版本。

pip install SomePackage              # 最新版本
pip install SomePackage==1.0.4       # 指定版本
pip install 'SomePackage>=1.0.4'     # 最小版本

也可從其他索引安裝,例如,換成豆瓣的映象。

pip install --index-url https://pypi.douban.com/simple SomeProject
pip install -i https://pypi.douban.com/simple SomeProject   # --index-url  可簡寫為 -i

除了PyPI之外,在安裝期間搜尋其他索引

pip install --extra-index-url https://pypi.douban.com/simple SomeProject

第二種:pip install [options] -r [package-index-options]

通過 requirements 檔案批量安裝 軟體包,指令如下

pip install -r requirements.txt

在 requirements.txt 檔案中,同樣可指定版本,預設安裝最新版 requirements.txt內容格式為:

Django==1.5.4
MySQL-python>=1.2.3

第三種: pip install [options] [-e]

從VCS安裝,以“可編輯”模式從VCS安裝專案。有關語法的完整細分,請參閱有關VCS支援的部分。

pip install -e git+https://git.repo/some_pkg.git#egg=SomeProject          # 從 git 安裝
pip install -e hg+https://hg.repo/some_pkg#egg=SomeProject                # 從 mercurial 安裝
pip install -e svn+svn://svn.repo/some_pkg/trunk/#egg=SomeProject         # 從 svn 安裝
pip install -e git+https://git.repo/some_pkg.git@feature#egg=SomeProject  # 安裝某一分支 branch

第四種:pip install [options] [-e]

此種方式用於安裝本地安裝包,例如

pip install ./downloads/SomeProject-1.0.4.tar.gz

從包含安裝包的本地目錄搜尋並安裝(並且不檢查PyPI索引)

pip install --no-index --find-links=file:///local/dir/ SomeProject
pip install --no-index --find-links=/local/dir/ SomeProject
pip install --no-index --find-links=relative/dir/ SomeProject

第五種:pip install [options]

從指定的 url 地址下載包並安裝。

另外,列舉幾個常用的 install 選項。

更新安裝包

pip install --upgrade SomeProject
pip isstall -U  SomeProject   # --upgrade 可簡寫為 -U
pip install --upgrade pip   # pip升級自己

安裝到使用者目錄

pip install numpy --user  # numpy包會安裝到使用者目錄下,而非系統目錄

忽略是否已安裝

pip install numpy --ignore-installed  # 忽略 numpy 包是否已安裝,都將重新安裝

設定超時

pip install numpy --timeout=60  # 設定超時連線為 60 秒,預設是 15 秒

3 uninstall

uninstall 用於解除安裝軟體包

pip uninstall numpy

也可使用 requirements 檔案批量解除安裝軟體包

pip install -r requirements.txt

4 freeze

freeze 用於輸出已安裝的軟體包,並以 requirements 檔案的格式顯示,例如

pip freeze
altgraph==0.10.2
bdist-mpkg==0.5.0
bonjour-py==0.3
macholib==1.5.1
matplotlib==1.3.1
modulegraph==0.10.4
numpy==1.8.0rc1
pip==18.0
···

將 requirements 匯出到指定檔案中,注意 “ > ”,檔名稱隨意。

pip freeze > d:\test.txt
pip freeze > d:\requirements.txt

5 list

list 指令用於列舉已安裝的軟體包。它含有很多其他的功能。

pip list  #列出所有安裝的庫
pip list --outdated #列出所有過期的庫
pip list -o  # --outdated的簡寫,列出所有過期的庫

6 show

show 指令用於顯示包所在目錄及資訊

pip show SomeProject

檢視具體資訊

pip show -f SomeProject

可檢視安裝包的版本,安裝位置,依賴的安裝包以及被被那些安裝包依賴。

7 search

search 指令用於根據使用者提供的關鍵字搜尋包 用法是pip search <搜尋關鍵字>,例如

numpy (1.16.4)                         - NumPy is the fundamental package for
                                         array computing with Python.
  INSTALLED: 1.15.4
  LATEST:    1.16.4
numpy-utils (0.1.5)                    - NumPy utilities.
numpy-cloud (0.0.5)                    - Numpy in the cloud
numpy-turtle (0.1)                     - Turtle graphics with NumPy
···         

因上求緣,果上努力~~~~ 作者:希望每天漲粉,轉載請註明原文連結:https://www.cnblogs.com/BlairGrowing/p/15410870.html