docker容器生命週期管理
阿新 • • 發佈：2021-10-21
檢視容器版本
docker version
[root@node1 ~]# docker version Client: Docker Engine - Community Version: 20.10.9 API version: 1.41 Go version: go1.16.8 Git commit: c2ea9bc Built: Mon Oct 4 16:08:14 2021 OS/Arch: linux/amd64 Context: default Experimental: true Server: Docker Engine - Community Engine: Version: 20.10.9 API version: 1.41 (minimum version 1.12) Go version: go1.16.8 Git commit: 79ea9d3 Built: Mon Oct 4 16:06:37 2021 OS/Arch: linux/amd64 Experimental: false containerd: Version: 1.4.11 GitCommit: 5b46e404f6b9f661a205e28d59c982d3634148f8 runc: Version: 1.0.2 GitCommit: v1.0.2-0-g52b36a2 docker-init: Version: 0.19.0 GitCommit: de40ad0
執行容器
docker run ‘image’ 或者docker container run ‘image’
如果docker run 後面指定的映象沒有加tag，那麼預設就會執行tag為latest的映象。
互動式執行容器
docker run -i -t 映象名
-i 表示互動式
-t 表示為容器開啟一個終端
[root@node1 ~]# docker run -i -t centos [root@5fd531998278 /]# ps aux USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND root 1 1.1 0.2 12036 2088 pts/0 Ss 06:22 0:00 /bin/bash root 15 0.0 0.1 44652 1780 pts/0 R+ 06:22 0:00 ps aux
以後臺的形式執行容器（最常使用的）
docker run -dt “image” “command” 後面的command會替代image中構建的最後一個命令
-d 引數是後臺執行
[root@node1 ~]# docker run -dt centos bash fec14b595a81d8c47f5e81035c883b75147a3f52da51eb8b79298dede4c72945
[root@node1 docker]# docker run -dt --name web nginx bash 7c741b579a562d264a4bd0d24ed84405c19476875f579d2f8dc230e183349ec9 [root@node1 docker]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 7c741b579a56 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 7 seconds ago Up 7 seconds 80/tcp web b713aabd323d centos "/bin/bash" 5 minutes ago Up 5 minutes dazzling_raman
進入一個已執行的容器
docker exec -it ‘容器id或NAMES’ ‘command’
[root@node1 docker]# docker exec -it b713aabd323d bash [root@b713aabd323d /]# ps aux USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND root 1 0.0 0.1 12036 1936 pts/0 Ss+ 14:11 0:00 /bin/bash root 27 0.1 0.2 12036 2100 pts/1 Ss 14:18 0:00 bash root 41 0.0 0.1 44652 1784 pts/1 R+ 14:19 0:00 ps aux
退出容器
exit
臨時退出容器
ctrl+p+q
返回臨時退出的容器
docker attach +容器的id
停止容器
docker stop + 容器id 正常停止一個容器
docker kill + 容器id 強行殺掉一個容器
上圖中容器狀態STATUS可以看到退出容器的狀態碼，docker stop +容器id停止的狀態碼為0，docker kill + 容器id停止的狀態碼是非零
重啟容器
docker restart +容器id
檢視執行的容器
docker ps
docker ps -q 只檢視執行容器id
檢視所有的容器，包括已退出的容器
docker ps -a
docker ps -aq 只檢視所有容器的id
刪除容器
docker container rm +容器id
預設情況下只能刪除已經停止的容器，也可以加-f引數強行刪除正在執行的容器（不建議）
檢視容器log
docker logs
首先執行一個容器nginx，然後執行docker logs web 檢視這個容器的日誌
[root@node1 ~]# docker run -dt --name web nginx #啟動一個指定名為web的nginx容器 [root@node1 ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES cd9d8a5a355e nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 51 seconds ago Up 50 seconds 80/tcp web fec14b595a81 centos "/bin/bash" 6 hours ago Up 6 hours condescending_benz 67c3f5089a59 centos "/bin/bash" 6 hours ago Up 6 hours zealous_greider [root@node1 ~]# docker logs web #檢視web的容器log /docker-entrypoint.sh: /docker-entrypoint.d/ is not empty, will attempt to perform configuration /docker-entrypoint.sh: Looking for shell scripts in /docker-entrypoint.d/ /docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh 10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: info: Getting the checksum of /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf 10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: info: Enabled listen on IPv6 in /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf /docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/20-envsubst-on-templates.sh /docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/30-tune-worker-processes.sh /docker-entrypoint.sh: Configuration complete; ready for start up 2021/10/20 12:56:57 [notice] 1#1: using the "epoll" event method 2021/10/20 12:56:57 [notice] 1#1: nginx/1.21.3 2021/10/20 12:56:57 [notice] 1#1: built by gcc 8.3.0 (Debian 8.3.0-6) 2021/10/20 12:56:57 [notice] 1#1: OS: Linux 3.10.0-1062.el7.x86_64 2021/10/20 12:56:57 [notice] 1#1: getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE): 1048576:1048576 2021/10/20 12:56:57 [notice] 1#1: start worker processes 2021/10/20 12:56:57 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 31
檢視容器的程序
docker top 程序id或者 NAMES
[root@node1 ~]# docker top web UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD root 12080 12061 0 20:56 pts/0 00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx -g daemon off; 101 12128 12080 0 20:56 pts/0 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
[root@node1 ~]# docker top condescending_benz UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD root 11236 11218 0 17:11 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash [root@node1 ~]# docker top fec14b595a81 UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD root 11236 11218 0 17:11 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash
檢視容器內部的詳細資訊
docker spect web #檢視名為web的nginx容器詳細資訊 ，這個命令返回結果為json格式
[root@node1 ~]# docker inspect web [ { "Id": "cd9d8a5a355e21c423af1c53286af9e4670ec9457f0e22b1a68e0d699bcfa78f", "Created": "2021-10-20T12:56:57.15455763Z", "Path": "/docker-entrypoint.sh", "Args": [ "nginx", "-g", "daemon off;" ], "State": { "Status": "running", "Running": true, "Paused": false, "Restarting": false, "OOMKilled": false, "Dead": false, "Pid": 12080, "ExitCode": 0, "Error": "", "StartedAt": "2021-10-20T12:56:57.915592015Z", "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z" }, "Image": "sha256:87a94228f133e2da99cb16d653cd1373c5b4e8689956386c1c12b60a20421a02", "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/cd9d8a5a355e21c423af1c53286af9e4670ec9457f0e22b1a68e0d699bcfa78f/resolv.conf", "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/cd9d8a5a355e21c423af1c53286af9e4670ec9457f0e22b1a68e0d699bcfa78f/hostname", "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/cd9d8a5a355e21c423af1c53286af9e4670ec9457f0e22b1a68e0d699bcfa78f/hosts", "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/cd9d8a5a355e21c423af1c53286af9e4670ec9457f0e22b1a68e0d699bcfa78f/cd9d8a5a355e21c423af1c53286af9e4670ec9457f0e22b1a68e0d699bcfa78f-json.log", "Name": "/web", "RestartCount": 0, "Driver": "overlay2", "Platform": "linux", "MountLabel": "", "ProcessLabel": "", "AppArmorProfile": "", "ExecIDs": null, "HostConfig": { "Binds": null, "ContainerIDFile": "", "LogConfig": { "Type": "json-file", "Config": {} }, "NetworkMode": "default", "PortBindings": {}, "RestartPolicy": { "Name": "no", "MaximumRetryCount": 0 }, "AutoRemove": false, "VolumeDriver": "", "VolumesFrom": null, "CapAdd": null, "CapDrop": null, "CgroupnsMode": "host", "Dns": [], "DnsOptions": [], "DnsSearch": [], "ExtraHosts": null, "GroupAdd": null, "IpcMode": "private", "Cgroup": "", "Links": null, "OomScoreAdj": 0, "PidMode": "", "Privileged": false, "PublishAllPorts": false, "ReadonlyRootfs": false, "SecurityOpt": null, "UTSMode": "", "UsernsMode": "", "ShmSize": 67108864, "Runtime": "runc", "ConsoleSize": [ 0, 0 ], "Isolation": "", "CpuShares": 0, "Memory": 0, "NanoCpus": 0, "CgroupParent": "", "BlkioWeight": 0, "BlkioWeightDevice": [], "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null, "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null, "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null, "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null, "CpuPeriod": 0, "CpuQuota": 0, "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0, "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0, "CpusetCpus": "", "CpusetMems": "", "Devices": [], "DeviceCgroupRules": null, "DeviceRequests": null, "KernelMemory": 0, "KernelMemoryTCP": 0, "MemoryReservation": 0, "MemorySwap": 0, "MemorySwappiness": null, "OomKillDisable": false, "PidsLimit": null, "Ulimits": null, "CpuCount": 0, "CpuPercent": 0, "IOMaximumIOps": 0, "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0, "MaskedPaths": [ "/proc/asound", "/proc/acpi", "/proc/kcore", "/proc/keys", "/proc/latency_stats", "/proc/timer_list", "/proc/timer_stats", "/proc/sched_debug", "/proc/scsi", "/sys/firmware" ], "ReadonlyPaths": [ "/proc/bus", "/proc/fs", "/proc/irq", "/proc/sys", "/proc/sysrq-trigger" ] }, "GraphDriver": { "Data": { "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/c34d13e1617f850faa442b48ee067cee6b4c786617a68bc0f14efac09680cf5e-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/916b4b09d26638d695f00d92703ea74c3ca25ec2b45553bbbfb8124b94c97d51/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/646e9fdde9960bf6b7751d19d12921668857653cbcbe12ece1f8778560f26fac/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/c23d2e4620ca9dad82d584da266ac08650339db8b0256cb0c6af396f6acf52c9/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0978fa2b8de789fe52c284e7189c672b1ae149a23a1120cac53764ca58ffc26a/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/1806b9060674b511023a35cb7d2d0eb05f2819bc7af1e884ad6eb5bc21a98fb9/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0a4ab40a97f3191a3c1ff84f2653499dbf8a4f73f2b771750212eaf5a1355bca/diff", "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/c34d13e1617f850faa442b48ee067cee6b4c786617a68bc0f14efac09680cf5e/merged", "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/c34d13e1617f850faa442b48ee067cee6b4c786617a68bc0f14efac09680cf5e/diff", "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/c34d13e1617f850faa442b48ee067cee6b4c786617a68bc0f14efac09680cf5e/work" }, "Name": "overlay2" }, "Mounts": [], "Config": { "Hostname": "cd9d8a5a355e", "Domainname": "", "User": "", "AttachStdin": false, "AttachStdout": false, "AttachStderr": false, "ExposedPorts": { "80/tcp": {} }, "Tty": true, "OpenStdin": false, "StdinOnce": false, "Env": [ "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin", "NGINX_VERSION=1.21.3", "NJS_VERSION=0.6.2", "PKG_RELEASE=1~buster" ], "Cmd": [ "nginx", "-g", "daemon off;" ], "Image": "nginx", "Volumes": null, "WorkingDir": "", "Entrypoint": [ "/docker-entrypoint.sh" ], "OnBuild": null, "Labels": { "maintainer": "NGINX Docker Maintainers <[email protected]>" }, "StopSignal": "SIGQUIT" }, "NetworkSettings": { "Bridge": "", "SandboxID": "7e0664529b4530566bb81f703c9ed5cb7c3d2a8d52922fafcd812fcf570a9953", "HairpinMode": false, "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "", "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0, "Ports": { "80/tcp": null }, "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/7e0664529b45", "SecondaryIPAddresses": null, "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null, "EndpointID": "a510f09a369fea8067cd1e9a5f13fc6b1905437246f386395aefa1e7b295651a", "Gateway": "172.17.0.1", "GlobalIPv6Address": "", "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0, "IPAddress": "172.17.0.4", "IPPrefixLen": 16, "IPv6Gateway": "", "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:04", "Networks": { "bridge": { "IPAMConfig": null, "Links": null, "Aliases": null, "NetworkID": "1e97883068f16a7653829f2adc3fa1da86d219b4ce00f9eac7d1c96b66a9aeee", "EndpointID": "a510f09a369fea8067cd1e9a5f13fc6b1905437246f386395aefa1e7b295651a", "Gateway": "172.17.0.1", "IPAddress": "172.17.0.4", "IPPrefixLen": 16, "IPv6Gateway": "", "GlobalIPv6Address": "", "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0, "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:04", "DriverOpts": null } } } } ] [root@node1 ~]#docker inspect web
將主機檔案拷貝到容器中
docker cp
將docker目錄下的ubunto_latest_image.tar 拷貝到名為busy_buck的容器/目錄下
[root@node1 docker]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 2bb4aeab2410 centos "bash" About a minute ago Up About a minute busy_buck [root@node1 docker]# ls daemon.json key.json ubunto_latest_image.tar [root@node1 docker]# docker cp ubunto_latest_image.tar busy_buck:/ [root@node1 docker]# docker attach 2bb4aeab2410 [root@2bb4aeab2410 /]# ls bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp ubunto_latest_image.tar usr var
將容器檔案拷貝到主機上
[root@node1 docker]# docker cp dazzling_raman:/ubunto_latest_image.tar ./ [root@node1 docker]# ls daemon.json key.json ubunto_latest_image.tar