一、WSL初始化

從Windows引用商店搜搜Linux，下載Ubuntu（可選18.04或者20.04都可），下載完成後開始選單點選安裝，會要求初始化使用者名稱和密碼。

二、建立root使用者

後續操作需要root許可權，Ubuntu預設是沒有root使用者的，需要先手動建立

sudo passwd root
輸入密碼

三、更改阿里雲下載映象

這一步非常重要，可以極大提升使用者體驗，從阿里開源映象站複製對應下載源，然後按這個步驟操作：https://blog.csdn.net/Mingzhul/article/details/105302399

注意先備份再修改，養成良好操作習慣。

四、安裝vscode

隨著時代的進步，這一步的操作貌似有幾種方式，應該都可以吧

1. 可以參考這個，編譯安裝VSCode：https://blog.csdn.net/reeeeein/article/details/104628415
2. 或者直接通過 Remote-WSL 直接啟動：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43876113/article/details/105261577 ，不知道是不是我已經用第一步安裝了的原因，這樣的確是可行的
3. 從官網下載VSCode Linux安裝包安裝，我覺得這種比較通用，步驟如下：

這一步需要首先在Windows上安裝好VSCode及 Remote-WSL外掛，現在有 C/C++ Extension Pack 外掛，可以裝一大堆C++開發的外掛，其中就有這個。 然後從

cp /mnt/d/code_1.62.0-1635954068_amd64.deb ./

注意：WSL和Windows通過 /mnt/win磁碟路徑 共享磁碟，然後安裝：

dpkg -i code_1.62.0-1635954068_amd64.deb

這樣就再wsl上安裝好了VScode，在其他Linux上都可以這麼操作，萬能的VSCode，然後切換到程式碼目錄，例如在 /home/testcode 目錄下，VScode可以執行命令啟動（也可直接在Windows中用Remote-WSL連線啟動，區別在於啟動後工作空間名字不一樣...）：

cd /home/testcode
code .

這樣就會在Windows上的VScode中遠端開啟當前 testcode 目錄。

五、C++開發配置

最後就是一些構建配置，在工程目錄下的 .vscode 目錄下，一般來說這個目錄和需要的檔案會由VSCode自動生成，需要了解其含義，適當手動修改：

C++工程配置 c_cpp_properties.json，會在直接執行專案時用到：

{
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "Linux",
            "includePath": [  // 標頭檔案查詢路徑
                "${workspaceFolder}/**",
                "../include"
            ],
            "defines": [],
            "compilerPath": "/usr/bin/gcc",
            "cStandard": "c11",
            "cppStandard": "c++14",
            "intelliSenseMode": "clang-x64",
            "configurationProvider": "ms-vscode.cmake-tools"
        }
    ],
    "version": 4
}

gdb除錯配置 launch.json ，會在F5執行除錯時用到：

{
    // Use IntelliSense to learn about possible attributes.
    // Hover to view descriptions of existing attributes.
    // For more information, visit: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=830387
    "version": "0.2.0",
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "(gdb) Launch",          //啟動配置的下拉選單中顯示的名稱
            "type": "cppdbg",
            "request": "launch",
            "program": "${workspaceFolder}/bin/testServer",   // 將要進行除錯的程式的路徑
            "args": [],
            "stopAtEntry": false,                        // 設為true時程式將暫停在程式入口處
            "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}/bin",        // 除錯程式時的工作目錄
            "environment": [],
            "externalConsole": false,                   // 除錯時是否顯示控制檯視窗
            "MIMode": "gdb",
            "setupCommands": [
                {
                    "description": "Enable pretty-printing for gdb",
                    "text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
                    "ignoreFailures": true
                }
            ],
            "preLaunchTask": "build-debug"                        // 除錯會話開始前執行的任務，一般為編譯程式
        }
    ]
}

settings.json，這個不知道有什麼用，貌似與用到的庫有關：

{
    "files.associations": {
        "functional": "cpp",
        "initializer_list": "cpp",
        "array": "cpp",
        "atomic": "cpp",
        "*.tcc": "cpp",
        "cctype": "cpp",
        "clocale": "cpp",
        "cmath": "cpp",
        "cstdarg": "cpp",
        "cstdint": "cpp",
        "cstdio": "cpp",
        "cstdlib": "cpp",
        "cstring": "cpp",
        "ctime": "cpp",
        "cwchar": "cpp",
        "cwctype": "cpp",
        "deque": "cpp",
        "list": "cpp",
        "unordered_map": "cpp",
        "vector": "cpp",
        "exception": "cpp",
        "fstream": "cpp",
        "iosfwd": "cpp",
        "iostream": "cpp",
        "istream": "cpp",
        "limits": "cpp",
        "new": "cpp",
        "ostream": "cpp",
        "numeric": "cpp",
        "sstream": "cpp",
        "stdexcept": "cpp",
        "streambuf": "cpp",
        "cfenv": "cpp",
        "tuple": "cpp",
        "type_traits": "cpp",
        "utility": "cpp",
        "typeinfo": "cpp",
        "memory": "cpp",
        "forward_list": "cpp",
        "string": "cpp"
    },
    "cmake.configureOnOpen": true
}

tasks.json ，構建任務配置，配置了一些 make 引數

{
    // See https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=733558
    // for the documentation about the tasks.json format
    "version": "2.0.0",
    "tasks": [
        {
            "label": "build-release",
            "command": "make",
            "args": [
                "-j4",
                "-C",
                "${workspaceFolder}/build/" 
            ],
            "type": "shell",
            "problemMatcher": [
                "$gcc"
            ]
        },
        {
            "label": "build-debug",
            "command": "make",
            "args": [
                "-j4",
                "-C",
                "${workspaceFolder}/build/"
            ],
            "type": "shell",
            "problemMatcher": [
                "$gcc"
            ]
        },
        {
            "label": "clean",
            "command": "make",
            "args": [
                "-C",
                "${workspaceFolder}/build/",
                "clean"
            ],
            "type": "shell",
            "problemMatcher": [
                "$gcc"
            ]
        }
    ]
}