EMP+DEPT+SALGRADE 表的基本操作2

阿新 • • 發佈：2020-07-13

distinct 去重

關於查詢結果集的去重

distinct

mysql> SELECT distinct job from EMP;
+-----------+
| job       |
+-----------+
| CLERK     |
| SALESMAN  |
| MANAGER   |
| ANALYST   |
| PRESIDENT |
+-----------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

統計崗位的數量

mysql> select count(distinct job) from EMP;
+---------------------+
| count(distinct job) |
+---------------------+
|                   5 |
+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

連線查詢

什麼是連線查詢
在實際開發中,大部分的情況都不是從一張表中查詢資料,一般都是多張表聯合查詢去出最終的結果

找出每一個員工的部門名稱,要求顯示員工名和部門名

會用到別名

別名有什麼好處?
- 第一:執行效率高
- 第二:可讀性好

mysql> select e.ename,e.deptno from EMP e ,DEPT d where e.deptno = d.deptno;
+--------+--------+
| ename  | deptno |
+--------+--------+
| CLARK  |     10 |
| KING   |     10 |
| MILLER |     10 |
| SMITH  |     20 |
| JONES  |     20 |
| SCOTT  |     20 |
| ADAMS  |     20 |
| FORD   |     20 |
| ALLEN  |     30 |
| WARD   |     30 |
| MARTIN |     30 |
| BLAKE  |     30 |
| TURNER |     30 |
| JAMES  |     30 |
+--------+--------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)

內連線之等值連線

最大特點是:條件是等量關係

查詢每個員工的部門名稱,要求顯示員工名和部門名

找出每一個員工的部門名稱,要求顯示員工名和部門名

表A join 表B ... on(連線條件)
好處:連線條件後面可以加where判斷

mysql> select e.ename,d.deptno from EMP e join DEPT d on e.deptno = d.deptno;
+--------+--------+
| ename  | deptno |
+--------+--------+
| CLARK  |     10 |
| KING   |     10 |
| MILLER |     10 |
| SMITH  |     20 |
| JONES  |     20 |
| SCOTT  |     20 |
| ADAMS  |     20 |
| FORD   |     20 |
| ALLEN  |     30 |
| WARD   |     30 |
| MARTIN |     30 |
| BLAKE  |     30 |
| TURNER |     30 |
| JAMES  |     30 |
+--------+--------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)
---------------------------------加上where---------------------------
mysql>  select e.ename,d.deptno from EMP e join DEPT d  on e.deptno = d.deptno where d.deptno=10;
+--------+--------+
| ename  | deptno |
+--------+--------+
| CLARK  |     10 |
| KING   |     10 |
| MILLER |     10 |
+--------+--------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

找出每個員工的工資等級,要求顯示員工名,工資,工資等級

mysql> select e.ename,e.sal,s.grade from EMP e join  SALGRADE s on e.sal between s.losal and s.hisal;
+--------+------+-------+
| ename  | sal  | grade |
+--------+------+-------+
| SMITH  |  800 |     1 |
| ALLEN  | 1600 |     3 |
| WARD   | 1250 |     2 |
| JONES  | 2975 |     4 |
| MARTIN | 1250 |     2 |
| BLAKE  | 2850 |     4 |
| CLARK  | 2450 |     4 |
| SCOTT  | 3000 |     4 |
| KING   | 5000 |     5 |
| TURNER | 1500 |     3 |
| ADAMS  | 1100 |     1 |
| JAMES  |  950 |     1 |
| FORD   | 3000 |     4 |
| MILLER | 1300 |     2 |
+--------+------+-------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)

自連線

特點:一張表顯示兩張表,自己連線自己

找出每個員工的上級領導，要求顯示員工名和對應的領導名

mysql> select a.ename "員工名",b.ename "領導名" from EMP a inner join EMP b on a.empno = b.MGR;
+-----------+-----------+
| 員工名    | 領導名    |
+-----------+-----------+
| FORD      | SMITH     |
| BLAKE     | ALLEN     |
| BLAKE     | WARD      |
| KING      | JONES     |
| BLAKE     | MARTIN    |
| KING      | BLAKE     |
| KING      | CLARK     |
| JONES     | SCOTT     |
| BLAKE     | TURNER    |
| SCOTT     | ADAMS     |
| BLAKE     | JAMES     |
| JONES     | FORD      |
| CLARK     | MILLER    |
+-----------+-----------+
13 rows in set (0.00 sec)

外連線(左連線/右連線)

什麼是外連線,和內連線有什麼區別?

內連線:

  假設A和B表進行連線,使用內連線的話,凡是A表和B表能夠匹配上的記錄查詢出來,這就是內連線
  AB兩張表沒有主副之分,兩張表示平等的

外連線:

  假設A和B表進行連線,使用外連線的話,AB兩張表中有一張是主表,一張是副表,主要查詢主表中的資料
  ,順便查詢副表中的資料沒有喝主表的資料匹配上,副表自動模擬出null與之匹配

找出每個員工的上級領導，要求顯示員工名和對應的領導名

mysql> select a.ename "員工編號",b.ename "大佬" from EMP a left join EMP b on a.empno= b.mgr;
+--------------+--------+
| 員工編號     | 大佬   |
+--------------+--------+
| FORD         | SMITH  |
| BLAKE        | ALLEN  |
| BLAKE        | WARD   |
| KING         | JONES  |
| BLAKE        | MARTIN |
| KING         | BLAKE  |
| KING         | CLARK  |
| JONES        | SCOTT  |
| BLAKE        | TURNER |
| SCOTT        | ADAMS  |
| BLAKE        | JAMES  |
| JONES        | FORD   |
| CLARK        | MILLER |
| SMITH        | NULL   |
| ALLEN        | NULL   |
| WARD         | NULL   |
| MARTIN       | NULL   |
| TURNER       | NULL   |
| ADAMS        | NULL   |
| JAMES        | NULL   |
| MILLER       | NULL   |
+--------------+--------+
21 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select a.ename "員工編號",b.ename "大佬" from EMP a right join EMP b on a.empno= b.mgr;
+--------------+--------+
| 員工編號     | 大佬   |
+--------------+--------+
| FORD         | SMITH  |
| BLAKE        | ALLEN  |
| BLAKE        | WARD   |
| KING         | JONES  |
| BLAKE        | MARTIN |
| KING         | BLAKE  |
| KING         | CLARK  |
| JONES        | SCOTT  |
| NULL         | KING   |
| BLAKE        | TURNER |
| SCOTT        | ADAMS  |
| BLAKE        | JAMES  |
| JONES        | FORD   |
| CLARK        | MILLER |
+--------------+--------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)

找出哪個部門沒有員工

mysql> select d.* from EMP e right join DEPT d on e.deptno=d.deptno where e.ename is null;
+--------+------------+--------+
| DEPTNO | DNAME      | LOC    |
+--------+------------+--------+
|     40 | OPERATIONS | BOSTON |
+--------+------------+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

找出每一個員工的部門名稱以及工資等級

涉及以下三張表

mysql> select * from EMP;
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+------+------+--------+
| EMPNO | ENAME  | JOB       | MGR  | HIREDATE   | SAL  | COMM | DEPTNO |
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+------+------+--------+
|  7369 | SMITH  | CLERK     | 7902 | 1980-12-17 |  800 | NULL |     20 |
|  7499 | ALLEN  | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-02-20 | 1600 |  300 |     30 |
|  7521 | WARD   | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-02-22 | 1250 |  500 |     30 |
|  7566 | JONES  | MANAGER   | 7839 | 1981-04-02 | 2975 | NULL |     20 |
|  7654 | MARTIN | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-09-28 | 1250 | 1400 |     30 |
|  7698 | BLAKE  | MANAGER   | 7839 | 1981-05-01 | 2850 | NULL |     30 |
|  7782 | CLARK  | MANAGER   | 7839 | 1981-06-09 | 2450 | NULL |     10 |
|  7788 | SCOTT  | ANALYST   | 7566 | 1987-07-13 | 3000 | NULL |     20 |
|  7839 | KING   | PRESIDENT | NULL | 1981-11-17 | 5000 | NULL |     10 |
|  7844 | TURNER | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-09-08 | 1500 |    0 |     30 |
|  7876 | ADAMS  | CLERK     | 7788 | 1987-07-13 | 1100 | NULL |     20 |
|  7900 | JAMES  | CLERK     | 7698 | 1981-12-03 |  950 | NULL |     30 |
|  7902 | FORD   | ANALYST   | 7566 | 1981-12-03 | 3000 | NULL |     20 |
|  7934 | MILLER | CLERK     | 7782 | 1982-01-23 | 1300 | NULL |     10 |
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+------+------+--------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from DEPT;
+--------+------------+----------+
| DEPTNO | DNAME      | LOC      |
+--------+------------+----------+
|     10 | ACCOUNTING | NEW YORK |
|     20 | RESEARCH   | DALLAS   |
|     30 | SALES      | CHICAGO  |
|     40 | OPERATIONS | BOSTON   |
+--------+------------+----------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from SALGRADE;
+-------+-------+-------+
| GRADE | LOSAL | HISAL |
+-------+-------+-------+
|     1 |   700 |  1200 |
|     2 |  1201 |  1400 |
|     3 |  1401 |  2000 |
|     4 |  2001 |  3000 |
|     5 |  3001 |  9999 |
+-------+-------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select e.ename,d.dname,s.grade from EMP e join DEPT d  on e.deptno=d.deptno join SALGRADE s on e.sal between losal andd hisal;
+--------+------------+-------+
| ename  | dname      | grade |
+--------+------------+-------+
| SMITH  | RESEARCH   |     1 |
| ALLEN  | SALES      |     3 |
| WARD   | SALES      |     2 |
| JONES  | RESEARCH   |     4 |
| MARTIN | SALES      |     2 |
| BLAKE  | SALES      |     4 |
| CLARK  | ACCOUNTING |     4 |
| SCOTT  | RESEARCH   |     4 |
| KING   | ACCOUNTING |     5 |
| TURNER | SALES      |     3 |
| ADAMS  | RESEARCH   |     1 |
| JAMES  | SALES      |     1 |
| FORD   | RESEARCH   |     4 |
| MILLER | ACCOUNTING |     2 |
+--------+------------+-------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)

找出每一個員工的部門名稱,工資等級,以及上司領導

mysql> select e.ename "員工",d.dname,s.grade,e1.ename "領導" from EMP e join DEPT d  on e.deptno=d.deptno join SALGRADE s on e.sal between losal and hisal left join EMP e1 on e1.empno = e.mgr;
+--------+------------+-------+--------+
| 員工   | dname      | grade | 領導   |
+--------+------------+-------+--------+
| SMITH  | RESEARCH   |     1 | FORD   |
| ALLEN  | SALES      |     3 | BLAKE  |
| WARD   | SALES      |     2 | BLAKE  |
| JONES  | RESEARCH   |     4 | KING   |
| MARTIN | SALES      |     2 | BLAKE  |
| BLAKE  | SALES      |     4 | KING   |
| CLARK  | ACCOUNTING |     4 | KING   |
| SCOTT  | RESEARCH   |     4 | JONES  |
| KING   | ACCOUNTING |     5 | NULL   |
| TURNER | SALES      |     3 | BLAKE  |
| ADAMS  | RESEARCH   |     1 | SCOTT  |
| JAMES  | SALES      |     1 | BLAKE  |
| FORD   | RESEARCH   |     4 | JONES  |
| MILLER | ACCOUNTING |     2 | CLARK  |
+--------+------------+-------+--------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)