【pytest單元測試框架】（3）pytest 擴充套件
阿新 • • 發佈：2021-11-18
pytest 擴充套件
Pytest 可以擴充套件非常多的外掛來實現各種功能，這裡介紹幾個對做 Web 自動化測試非常有用的外掛。
1、pytest-html
pytest-html 可以生成 HTML 格式的測試報告。首先，通過 pip 命令安裝 pytest-html 擴充套件。pip install pytest-html
其次，執行測試用例，並生成測試報告
pytest ./ --html=./report/result.html最後，在 report 目錄下開啟 result.html，pytest-html 測試報告如圖所示：
2、pytest-rerunfailures
pip install pytest-rerunfailures
通過“--reruns”引數設定測試用例執行失敗後的重試次數：
(base_practice) D:\00test\base_practice\pyTest>pytest -v ./ --reruns 3 --html=./report/20211118result.html =============================================================== test session starts =============================================================== platform win32-- Python 3.7.4, pytest-6.2.5, py-1.11.0, pluggy-1.0.0 -- C:\Users\yzp\PycharmProjects\base_practice\Scripts\python.exe cachedir: .pytest_cache metadata: {'Python': '3.7.4', 'Platform': 'Windows-10-10.0.19041-SP0', 'Packages': {'pytest': '6.2.5', 'py': '1.11.0', 'pluggy': '1.0.0'}, 'Plugins' : {'html': '3.1.1', 'metadata': '1.11.0', 'rerunfailures': '10.2'}, 'JAVA_HOME': 'C:\\Program Files\\Java\\jdk1.8.0_311'} rootdir: D:\00test\base_practice\pyTest plugins: html-3.1.1, metadata-1.11.0, rerunfailures-10.2 collected 17 items test_assert.py::test_add1 PASSED [ 5%] test_assert.py::test_add2 RERUN [ 11%] test_assert.py::test_add2 RERUN [ 11%] test_assert.py::test_add2 RERUN [ 11%] test_assert.py::test_add2 FAILED [ 11%] test_assert.py::test_isprime1 PASSED [ 17%] test_assert.py::test_isprime2 PASSED [ 23%] test_assert.py::test_in PASSED [ 29%] test_assert.py::test_not_in PASSED [ 35%] test_fixtrue01.py::test_35 RERUN [ 41%] test_fixtrue01.py::test_35 RERUN [ 41%] test_fixtrue01.py::test_35 RERUN [ 41%] test_fixtrue01.py::test_35 FAILED [ 41%] test_fixtrue01.py::test_45 PASSED [ 47%] test_fixtrue02.py::TestMul::test_mul35 RERUN [ 52%] test_fixtrue02.py::TestMul::test_mul35 RERUN [ 52%] test_fixtrue02.py::TestMul::test_mul35 RERUN [ 52%] test_fixtrue02.py::TestMul::test_mul35 FAILED [ 52%] test_fixtrue02.py::TestMul::test_mul45 PASSED [ 58%] test_parameterized.py::test_row[case1] PASSED [ 64%] test_parameterized.py::test_row[case2] RERUN [ 70%] test_parameterized.py::test_row[case2] RERUN [ 70%] test_parameterized.py::test_row[case2] RERUN [ 70%] test_parameterized.py::test_row[case2] FAILED [ 70%] test_parameterized.py::test_row[case3] PASSED [ 76%] test_parameterized.py::test_row[case4] PASSED [ 82%] test_rerun.py::test_fail RERUN [ 88%] test_rerun.py::test_fail RERUN [ 88%] test_rerun.py::test_fail RERUN [ 88%] test_rerun.py::test_fail FAILED [ 88%] test_sample.py::test_answer RERUN [ 94%] test_sample.py::test_answer RERUN [ 94%] test_sample.py::test_answer RERUN [ 94%] test_sample.py::test_answer FAILED [ 94%] test_project/test_sub.py::test_baidu PASSED [100%] ==================================================================== FAILURES ===================================================================== ____________________________________________________________________ test_add2 ____________________________________________________________________ def test_add2(): > assert add(5, 5) > 10 E assert 10 > 10 E + where 10 = add(5, 5) test_assert.py:34: AssertionError _____________________________________________________________________ test_35 _____________________________________________________________________ def test_35(): > assert mul(3, 5) == 14 E assert 15 == 14 E +15 E -14 test_fixtrue01.py:41: AssertionError -------------------------------------------------------------- Captured stdout setup -------------------------------------------------------------- ===========setup_module========= ==========setup_founction========= ==========setup========= ------------------------------------------------------------ Captured stdout teardown ------------------------------------------------------------- =========teardowm========== ==========setup_founction========== -------------------------------------------------------------- Captured stdout setup -------------------------------------------------------------- ==========setup_founction========= ==========setup========= ------------------------------------------------------------ Captured stdout teardown ------------------------------------------------------------- =========teardowm========== ==========setup_founction========== -------------------------------------------------------------- Captured stdout setup -------------------------------------------------------------- ==========setup_founction========= ==========setup========= ------------------------------------------------------------ Captured stdout teardown ------------------------------------------------------------- =========teardowm========== ==========setup_founction========== -------------------------------------------------------------- Captured stdout setup -------------------------------------------------------------- ==========setup_founction========= ==========setup========= _______________________________________________________________ TestMul.test_mul35 ________________________________________________________________ self = <pyTest.test_fixtrue02.TestMul object at 0x000002095B02FA48> def test_mul35(self): > assert mul(3, 5) == 16 E assert 15 == 16 E +15 E -16 test_fixtrue02.py:41: AssertionError -------------------------------------------------------------- Captured stdout setup -------------------------------------------------------------- ===============setup_class=============== ==============setup_method================= ==========setup============= ------------------------------------------------------------ Captured stdout teardown ------------------------------------------------------------- ===========teardown============ ==============teardown_method============== -------------------------------------------------------------- Captured stdout setup -------------------------------------------------------------- ==============setup_method================= ==========setup============= ------------------------------------------------------------ Captured stdout teardown ------------------------------------------------------------- ===========teardown============ ==============teardown_method============== -------------------------------------------------------------- Captured stdout setup -------------------------------------------------------------- ==============setup_method================= ==========setup============= ------------------------------------------------------------ Captured stdout teardown ------------------------------------------------------------- ===========teardown============ ==============teardown_method============== -------------------------------------------------------------- Captured stdout setup -------------------------------------------------------------- ==============setup_method================= ==========setup============= _________________________________________________________________ test_row[case2] _________________________________________________________________ base = 3, exponent = 3, expected = 9 @pytest.mark.parametrize( "base, exponent, expected", ((2, 2, 4), (3, 3, 9), (2, 3, 8), (0, 9, 0)), ids=["case1", "case2", "case3", "case4"]) def test_row(base, exponent, expected): > assert math.pow(base, exponent) == expected E assert 27.0 == 9 E +27.0 E -9 test_parameterized.py:18: AssertionError ____________________________________________________________________ test_fail ____________________________________________________________________ def test_fail(): > assert 2+2 == 5 E assert 4 == 5 E +4 E -5 test_rerun.py:2: AssertionError ___________________________________________________________________ test_answer ___________________________________________________________________ def test_answer(): > assert inc(3) == 5 E assert 4 == 5 E +4 E -5 test_sample.py:13: AssertionError ------------------------------ generated html file: file://D:\00test\base_practice\pyTest\report\20211118result.html ------------------------------ ============================================================= short test summary info ============================================================= FAILED test_assert.py::test_add2 - assert 10 > 10 FAILED test_fixtrue01.py::test_35 - assert 15 == 14 FAILED test_fixtrue02.py::TestMul::test_mul35 - assert 15 == 16 FAILED test_parameterized.py::test_row[case2] - assert 27.0 == 9 FAILED test_rerun.py::test_fail - assert 4 == 5 FAILED test_sample.py::test_answer - assert 4 == 5 ===================================================== 6 failed, 11 passed, 18 rerun in 0.30s ======================================================
從執行結果可以看到，在測試用例執行失敗後進行了6 * 3 次重試。因為 Web 自動化測試會因為網路等因素導致測試用例執行失敗，而重試機制可以增加測試用例的穩定性。
3、pytest-parallel 擴充套件
pytest-parallel 擴充套件可以實現測試用例的並行執行：
建立 test_ parallel.py，在每條測試用例中分別設定 sleep()來模擬執行時間較長的測試用例。from time import sleep def test_sleep3(): sleep(3) def test_sleep4(): sleep(4) def test_sleep5(): sleep(5)
不使用執行緒執行測試用例：
(base_practice) D:\00test\base_practice\pyTest>pytest -q test_sleep.py ... [100%] 3 passed in 12.04s (base_practice) D:\00test\base_practice\pyTest>
引數“--tests-per-worker”用來指定執行緒數，“auto”表示自動分配：
pytest -q test_parallel.py --tests-per-worker auto pytest-parallel: 1 worker (process), 3 tests per worker (threads) ... [100%] 3 passed in 6.02 secondspytest-parallel 的更多用法如下所示：
# runs 2 workers with 1 test per worker at a time > pytest --workers 2 # runs 4 workers (assuming a quad-core machine) with 1 test per worker > pytest --workers auto # runs 1 worker with 4 tests at a time > pytest --tests-per-worker 4 # runs 1 worker with up to 50 tests at a time > pytest --tests-per-worker auto # runs 2 workers with up to 50 tests per worker > pytest --workers 2 --tests-per-worker auto
雖然並行執行測試可以非常有效地縮短測試的執行時間，但是 Web 自動化測試本身非常脆弱，在並行執行測試時很可能會產生相互干擾，從而導致測試用例失敗，因此建議謹慎使用。
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