翻譯來自：https://thispointer.com/how-to-put-a-thread-to-sleep-in-c11-sleep_for-sleep_until/

在本文中，我們將討論如何讓 c++11 執行緒休眠

c++11提供了2個讓執行緒休眠的函式，即

std::this_thread::sleep_for
std::this_thread::sleep_until

沉睡一段時間

C++11提供了一個函式std::this_thread::sleep_for來阻塞當前程序指定的持續時間即

template <class Rep, class Period>
void
 
 sleep_for (const chrono::duration<Rep,Period>& rel_time);

此函式接受一個持續時間作為引數，並使呼叫執行緒在該特定持續時間內休眠。這個持續時間可以從納秒到幾小時，即

std::chrono::nanoseconds
std::chrono::microseconds
std::chrono::milliseconds
std::chrono::seconds
std::chrono::minutes
std::chrono::hours

讓我們看一些例子，

為 MilliSeconds 休眠一個執行緒：

要讓執行緒休眠 200 毫秒，請使用以下引數呼叫 sleep_for，即

std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(200));

使執行緒休眠幾分鐘：

要使執行緒休眠 1 分鐘，請使用以下引數呼叫 sleep_for，即

std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::minutes(1));

例子

#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
#include <chrono>
void threadFunc()
{
    int i = 0;
    while (i < 10)
    {
        
 
// Print Thread ID and Counter i
        std::cout<<std::this_thread::get_id()<<" :: "<<i++<<std::endl;
        // Sleep this thread for 200 MilliSeconds
        std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(200));
    }
}
int main()
{
    std::thread th(&threadFunc);
    th.join();
    return 0;
}

輸出：

140484807997184 :: 0
140484807997184 :: 1
140484807997184 :: 2
140484807997184 :: 3
140484807997184 :: 4
140484807997184 :: 5
140484807997184 :: 6
140484807997184 :: 7
140484807997184 :: 8
140484807997184 :: 9

沉睡到某個時間點

很多時候我們希望執行緒休眠直到將來的某個時間點。這可以使用 sleep_untill() 來實現，即

template< class Clock, class Duration >
void sleep_until( const std::chrono::time_point<Clock,Duration>& sleepTime );

它接受一個時間點作為引數並阻塞當前執行緒直到達到這個時間點。

檢視完整的示例，在這裡我們將讓執行緒休眠直到將來的某個時間點，即

#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
#include <chrono>
// Print Current Time
void print_time_point(std::chrono::system_clock::time_point timePoint)
{
    std::time_t timeStamp = std::chrono::system_clock::to_time_t(timePoint);
    std::cout << std::ctime(&timeStamp) << std::endl;
}
void threadFunc()
{
    std::cout<<"Current Time :: ";
    // Print Current Time
    print_time_point(std::chrono::system_clock::now());
    // create a time point pointing to 10 second in future
    std::chrono::system_clock::time_point timePoint =
            std::chrono::system_clock::now() + std::chrono::seconds(10);
    std::cout << "Going to Sleep Until :: "; print_time_point(timePoint);
    // Sleep Till specified time point
    // Accepts std::chrono::system_clock::time_point as argument
    std::this_thread::sleep_until(timePoint);
    std::cout<<"Current Time :: ";
    // Print Current Time
    print_time_point(std::chrono::system_clock::now());
}
int main()
{
    std::thread th(&threadFunc);
    th.join();
    return 0;
}

輸出

Current Time :: Thu Nov 18 20:45:11 2021

Going to Sleep Until :: Thu Nov 18 20:45:21 2021

Current Time :: Thu Nov 18 20:45:21 2021