Spring MVC-檢視
阿新 • • 發佈：2021-11-24
目錄
概括
Spring MVC定義了viewResolver和View介面，在瀏覽器中呈現模型中的資料。Spring MVC檢視預設有轉發檢視(InternalResourceView)和重定向檢視(RedirectView)
環境
IDE：idea 2020.3
構建工具：maven-3.8.1
伺服器：tomcat9
Spring版本：5.3.1
<dependencies> <!-- SpringMVC --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>5.3.1</version> </dependency> <!-- 日誌 --> <dependency> <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId> <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId> <version>1.2.3</version> </dependency> <!-- ServletAPI --> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId> <version>3.1.0</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <!-- Spring5和Thymeleaf整合包 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId> <artifactId>thymeleaf-spring5</artifactId> <version>3.0.12.RELEASE</version> </dependency> </dependencies>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"> <!-- springMVC.xml --> <!-- 自動掃描包 --> <context:component-scan base-package="com.fly.controller"/> <!-- 配置Thymeleaf檢視解析器 --> <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.thymeleaf.spring5.view.ThymeleafViewResolver"> <property name="order" value="1"/> <property name="characterEncoding" value="UTF-8"/> <property name="templateEngine"> <bean class="org.thymeleaf.spring5.SpringTemplateEngine"> <property name="templateResolver"> <bean class="org.thymeleaf.spring5.templateresolver.SpringResourceTemplateResolver"> <!-- 檢視字首 --> <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/templates/"/> <!-- 檢視字尾 --> <property name="suffix" value=".html"/> <property name="templateMode" value="HTML5"/> <property name="characterEncoding" value="UTF-8" /> </bean> </property> </bean> </property> </bean> </beans>
<!-- web.xml --> <filter> <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>UTF-8</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>forceResponseEncoding</param-name> <param-value>true</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <servlet> <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:springMVC.xml</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
ThymeleafView
當控制器方法的檢視名稱沒有字首時，檢視名稱會被檢視解析器解析，通過檢視解析器的字首、字尾得到路徑後以轉發的形式跳轉
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>首頁</title>
</head>
<body>
<!--index.html-->
<!--index.html-->
<a th:href="@{/testThymeleafView}">testThymeleafView</a><br/>
</body>
</html>
package com.fly.mvc.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
/**
* @author 26414
*/
@Controller
public class ViewController {
@RequestMapping("/")
public String index() {
return "index";
}
@RequestMapping("/testThymeleafView")
public String testThymeleafView() {
return "view";
}
}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>view</title>
</head>
<body>
<!--view.html-->
<h2>view</h2>
</body>
</html>
在testThymeleafView方法上打斷點，以debug模式啟動伺服器
InternalResourceView
SpringMVC中預設的轉發檢視是InternalResourceView，當控制器方法中所設定的檢視名稱以"forward:"為字首時，建立InternalResourceView檢視。
/**
*ViewController
*/
@RequestMapping("/testInternalResourceView")
public String testInternalResourceView() {
return "forward:/testThymeleafView";
}
<!--index.html-->
<a th:href="@{/testInternalResourceView}">testInternalResourceView</a><br/>
在方法testInternalResourceView上打斷點,以debug模式啟動伺服器
RedirectView
SpringMVC中預設的重定向檢視是RedirectView，當控制器方法中所設定的檢視名稱以"redirect:"為字首時，建立RedirectView檢視。
/**
*ViewController
*/
@RequestMapping("/testRedirect")
public String testRedirect() {
return "redirect:/testThymeleafView";
}
<!--index.html-->
<a th:href="@{/testRedirect}">testRedirect</a><br/>
在方法testRedirect上打斷點,以debug模式啟動伺服器
view-controller
如果一個控制器方法僅僅用來實現頁面跳轉，可以將處理器方法使用view-controller標籤進行表示,當SpringMVC中設定任何一個view-controller時，其他控制器中的請求對映將全部失效，此時需要在SpringMVC的核心配置檔案中設定開啟mvc註解驅動的標籤
<!-- springMVC.xml -->
<mvc:view-controller path="/" view-name="index"/>
<!-- 開啟mvc註解驅動 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven />