books系列表介面
阿新 • • 發佈:2020-07-14
總路由/urls.py
from django.contrib import admin from django.urls import path,include urlpatterns = [ path('admin/', admin.site.urls), path('api/', include('api.urls')), ]
api/urls.py
from django.urls import path, re_path from api import views urlpatterns = [ path('books/', views.BookAPIView.as_view()), re_path('books/(?P<pk>\d+)', views.BookAPIView.as_view()), ]
models.py
from django.db import models # Create your models here. class BaseModel(models.Model): is_delete = models.BooleanField(default=False) # auto_now_add=True 只要記錄建立,不需要手動插入時間,自動把當前時間插入 create_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)# auto_now=True,只要更新,就會把當前時間插入 last_update_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True) # import datetime # create_time=models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.datetime.now) class Meta: # 單個欄位,有索引,有唯一 # 多個欄位,有聯合索引,聯合唯一 abstract = True # 抽象表,不在資料庫建立出表 class Book(BaseModel):# verbose_name admin中顯示中文 name = models.CharField(max_length=32, verbose_name='書名', help_text='這裡填書名') price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=8, decimal_places=2) # 一對多的關係一旦確立,關聯欄位寫在多的一方 # to_field 預設不寫,關聯到Publish主鍵 # db_constraint=False 邏輯上的關聯,實質上沒有外來鍵練習,增刪不會受外來鍵影響,但是orm查詢不影響 publish = models.ForeignKey(to='Publish', on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING, db_constraint=False) # 多對多,跟作者,關聯欄位寫在 查詢次數多的一方 # 什麼時候用自動,什麼時候用手動?第三張表只有關聯欄位,用自動 第三張表有擴充套件欄位,需要手動寫 # 不能寫on_delete authors = models.ManyToManyField(to='Author', db_constraint=False) class Meta: verbose_name_plural = '書表' # admin中表名的顯示 def __str__(self): return self.name @property def publish_name(self): return self.publish.name # def author_list(self): def author_list(self): author_list = self.authors.all() # ll=[] # for author in author_list: # ll.append({'name':author.name,'sex':author.get_sex_display()}) # return ll return [{'name': author.name, 'sex': author.get_sex_display()} for author in author_list] class Publish(BaseModel): name = models.CharField(max_length=32) addr = models.CharField(max_length=32) def __str__(self): return self.name class Author(BaseModel): name = models.CharField(max_length=32) sex = models.IntegerField(choices=((1, '男'), (2, '女'))) # 一對一關係,寫在查詢頻率高的一方 # OneToOneField本質就是ForeignKey+unique,自己手寫也可以 authordetail = models.OneToOneField(to='AuthorDetail', db_constraint=False, on_delete=models.CASCADE) class AuthorDetail(BaseModel): mobile = models.CharField(max_length=11) # 二、表斷關聯 # 1、表之間沒有外來鍵關聯,但是有外來鍵邏輯關聯(有充當外來鍵的欄位) # 2、斷關聯後不會影響資料庫查詢效率,但是會極大提高資料庫增刪改效率(不影響增刪改查操作) # 3、斷關聯一定要通過邏輯保證表之間資料的安全,不要出現髒資料,程式碼控制 # 4、斷關聯 # 5、級聯關係 # 作者沒了,詳情也沒:on_delete=models.CASCADE # 出版社沒了,書還是那個出版社出版:on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING # 部門沒了,員工沒有部門(空不能):null=True, on_delete=models.SET_NULL # 部門沒了,員工進入預設部門(預設值):default=0, on_delete=models.SET_DEFAULT
ser.py
from rest_framework import serializers from api import models # 寫一個類,繼ListSerializer,重寫update class BookListSerializer(serializers.ListSerializer): # def create(self, validated_data): # print(validated_data) # return super().create(validated_data) def update(self, instance, validated_data): print(instance) print(validated_data) # 儲存資料 # self.child:是BookModelSerializer物件 # ll=[] # for i,si_data in enumerate(validated_data): # ret=self.child.update(instance[i],si_data) # ll.append(ret) # return ll return [ # self.child.update(物件,字典) for attrs in validated_data self.child.update(instance[i], attrs) for i, attrs in enumerate(validated_data) ] # 如果序列化的是資料庫的表,儘量用ModelSerializer class BookModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): # publish,顯示出版社名稱 # 一種方案(只序列化可以,反序列化有問題) # publish=serializers.CharField(source='publish.name') # 第二種方案,models中寫方法(看models.py) class Meta: list_serializer_class = BookListSerializer model = models.Book # fields='__all__' # 用的少 # depth=0 fields = ('id', 'name', 'price', 'authors', 'publish', 'publish_name', 'author_list') extra_kwargs = { 'publish': {'write_only': True}, 'publish_name': {'read_only': True}, 'authors': {'write_only': True}, 'author_list': {'read_only': True} }
views.py
from django.shortcuts import render # Create your views here. from rest_framework.response import Response from api import models from rest_framework.views import APIView from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView from api.ser import BookModelSerializer class BookAPIView(APIView): def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs): #查詢單個和查詢所有,合到一起 if not kwargs: # 查所有 book_list=models.Book.objects.all().filter(is_delete=False) book_list_ser=BookModelSerializer(book_list,many=True) return Response(data=book_list_ser.data) #查一個 book_list = models.Book.objects.filter(pk=kwargs.get('pk')).first() book_list_ser = BookModelSerializer(book_list) return Response(data=book_list_ser.data) def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs): # 具備增單條,和增多條的功能 if isinstance(request.data, dict): book_ser = BookModelSerializer(data=request.data) book_ser.is_valid(raise_exception=True) book_ser.save() return Response(data=book_ser.data) elif isinstance(request.data, list): # 現在book_ser是ListSerializer物件 from rest_framework.serializers import ListSerializer book_ser = BookModelSerializer(data=request.data, many=True) # 增多條 print('--------', type(book_ser)) book_ser.is_valid(raise_exception=True) book_ser.save() # 新增---》ListSerializer--》create方法 # def create(self, validated_data): # self.child是BookModelSerializer物件 # print(type(self.child)) # return [ # self.child.create(attrs) for attrs in validated_data # ] return Response(data=book_ser.data) def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs): # 改一個,改多個 # 改一個 if kwargs.get('pk', None): book = models.Book.objects.filter(pk=kwargs.get('pk')).first() book_ser = BookModelSerializer(instance=book, data=request.data, partial=True) # 增多條 # partial=True # partial 表示是否可以部分修改 book_ser.is_valid(raise_exception=True) book_ser.save() return Response(data=book_ser.data) else: # 改多個, # 前端傳遞資料格式[{id:1,name:xx,price:xx},{id:1,name:xx,price:xx}] # 處理傳入的資料 物件列表[book1,book2] 修改的資料列表[{name:xx,price:xx},{name:xx,price:xx}] book_list = [] modify_data = [] for item in request.data: # {id:1,name:xx,price:xx} pk = item.pop('id') book = models.Book.objects.get(pk=pk) book_list.append(book) modify_data.append(item) # 第一種方案,for迴圈一個一個修改 # 把這個實現 # for i,si_data in enumerate(modify_data): # book_ser = BookModelSerializer(instance=book_list[i], data=si_data) # book_ser.is_valid(raise_exception=True) # book_ser.save() # return Response(data='成功') # 第二種方案,重寫ListSerializer的update方法 book_ser = BookModelSerializer(instance=book_list, data=modify_data, many=True) book_ser.is_valid(raise_exception=True) book_ser.save() # ListSerializer的update方法,自己寫的update方法 return Response(book_ser.data) # request.data # # book_ser=BookModelSerializer(data=request.data) def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs): # 單個刪除和批量刪除 pk = kwargs.get('pk') pks = [] if pk: # 單條刪除 pks.append(pk) # 不管單條刪除還是多條刪除,都用多條刪除 # 多條刪除 # {'pks':[1,2,3]} else: pks = request.data.get('pks') # 把is_delete設定成true # ret返回受影響的行數 ret = models.Book.objects.filter(pk__in=pks, is_delete=False).update(is_delete=True) if ret: return Response(data={'msg': '刪除成功'}) else: return Response(data={'msg': '沒有要刪除的資料'})