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ElasticSearch-索引庫、文件操作

1.1、簡介

SpringMVC是Spring Framework的一部分,是基於Java實現MVC的輕量級框架。

官方文件:Spring Framework Reference Documentation

SpringMVC特點

  • 輕量級,簡單易學
  • 高效、基於請求響應的MVC框架
  • 與Spring相容性好,無縫結合
  • 約定大於配置
  • 功能強大:RESTful、資料驗證、格式化、本地化、主題、註解、單元測試等
  • 簡潔靈活

1.2、Hello SpringMVC

resources/springmvc-servlet.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"/>
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"/>

    <!--檢視解析器:DispatcherServlet給它的ModelAndView-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <!--字首-->
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
        <!--字尾-->
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>

    <!--Handler-->
    <bean id="/hello" class="com.zhang.controller.HelloController"/>
</beans>

com.zhang.controller.HelloController

package com.zhang.controller;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * @author zhangxiny
 * @apiNote
 * @date 2021-12-30 20:03
 */
public class HelloController implements Controller {
    public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) throws Exception {
        //檢視和模型
        ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();

        //封裝物件,放在ModelAndView中。Model
        mv.addObject("msg", "HelloSpringMVC!");
        //封裝要跳轉的檢視,放在ModelAndView中
        mv.setViewName("hello");
        return mv;
    }
}

web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <!--關聯一個Spring配置檔案-->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <!--啟動級別1-->
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>

    <!-- / 匹配所有請求:(不包括 jsp)-->
    <!-- /* 匹配所有請求:(包括jsp)-->
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

pom.xml

<!--依賴-->
<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>junit</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        <version>4.12</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
        <version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
        <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
        <version>2.5</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
        <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
        <version>2.2</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
        <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
        <version>1.2</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

1.3、Spring執行原理

個人理解:SpringMVC底層還是Servlet,在web.xml配置後,SpringMVC就完全代理了Servlet。所以,所有的web請求,全都轉入了SpringMVC。

Spring執行的話,簡單分為三步,第一步是呼叫處理器對映器,有很多種對映方式,選擇得到bean的方式。第二步是呼叫處理器介面卡,將Contrller中的設定解析,並返回ModelAndView類,第三步呼叫檢視解析器,解析檢視並渲染至瀏覽器。

@Component

@Service

@Controller

@Repository

1.4、RestFul風格

優點:

  • 請求路徑更加簡潔
  • 獲得引數更加方便,框架會自動進行型別轉換
  • 通過路徑型別約束訪問的型別,型別不一致,則請求不到對應的方法,會出現 405錯誤。
  • 安全,不暴露變數名在url

1.5、重定向與轉發

轉發

@RequestMapping("login")
public String test2(Model model){
    model.addAttribute("msg", "login");
    return "admin/hello";
}

重定向

@RequestMapping("login")
public String test2(Model model){
    model.addAttribute("msg", "login");
    return "redirect:/hello1";
}

1.6、接收請求引數

第一種,普通接收

public String test1(String name, Model model){}

http://localhost:9091/user/t1?name=fdada

第二種,指定名稱接收

public String test1(@RequestParam("username") String name, Model model) {

http://localhost:9091/user/t1?username=fdada

第三種,接收物件

public String test2(User user){

http://localhost:9091/user/t2?name=fdada&id=3&age=2

1.7、亂碼問題解決

在web.xml中配置

<!--配置SpringMVC亂碼過濾-->
<filter>
    <filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
    <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
    <init-param>
        <param-name>encoding</param-name>
        <param-value>utf-8</param-value>
    </init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>

在tomcat中配置

<Connector port="9091" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
               connectionTimeout="20000"
               redirectPort="8443" 
			   URIEncoding="UTF-8"/>

1.8、Jackson使用

  1. 匯入包 pom.xml

    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
        <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
        <version>2.10.5.1</version>
    </dependency>
    
  2. 配置編碼 springmvc-servlet.xml

    <mvc:annotation-driven>
        <mvc:message-converters>
            <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">
                <constructor-arg value="UTF-8"/>
            </bean>
            <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter">
                <property name="objectMapper">
                    <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.Jackson2ObjectMapperFactoryBean">
                        <property name="failOnEmptyBeans" value="false"/>
                    </bean>
                </property>
            </bean>
        </mvc:message-converters>
    </mvc:annotation-driven>
    
  3. 使用ObjectMapper將Object轉成json

    @ResponseBody
    @RequestMapping(value="/t1")
    public String test1() throws JsonProcessingException {
        User user = new User(1,"張三",32);
        ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
        String str = mapper.writeValueAsString(user);
        return str;
    }
    
  4. 使用ObjectMapper將LIst轉成json

    @RequestMapping(value="/j2")
    public String json2() throws JsonProcessingException {
        User user = new User(1,"張三",32);
        User user1 = new User(1,"張三",32);
        User user2 = new User(1,"張三",32);
        User user3 = new User(1,"張三",32);
        User user4 = new User(1,"張三",32);
        List<User> userList = new ArrayList<User>();
        userList.add(user);
        userList.add(user1);
        userList.add(user2);
        userList.add(user3);
        userList.add(user4);
        ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
        String str = mapper.writeValueAsString(userList);
        return str;
    }	
    
  5. 封裝工具類 com.zhang.utils

    public class JsonUtils {
        public static String getJson(Object object) throws JsonProcessingException {
            ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
            return objectMapper.writeValueAsString(object);
        }
    
        public static String getJson(Object object,String dateFormat) throws JsonProcessingException {
            ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
            //不使用時間戳的方式
            mapper.configure(SerializationFeature.WRITE_DATES_AS_TIMESTAMPS, false);
            //自定義日期的格式
            SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat(dateFormat);
            mapper.setDateFormat(sdf);
            return mapper.writeValueAsString(object);
        }
    }
    

1.9、fastjson使用

  1. 匯入包

    <dependency>
         <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
         <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
         <version>1.2.60</version>
    </dependency>
    
  2. 將JSON轉成String

     @RequestMapping("j4")
        public String json4(){
            User user = new User(1,"張三",32);
            User user1 = new User(1,"張三",32);
            User user2 = new User(1,"張三",32);
            User user3 = new User(1,"張三",32);
            User user4 = new User(1,"張三",32);
            List<User> userList = new ArrayList<User>();
            userList.add(user);
            userList.add(user1);
            userList.add(user2);
            userList.add(user3);
            userList.add(user4);
            String s = JSON.toJSONString(userList);
            return s;
        }
    

1.10、ssm整合

程式碼包下載:https://zxy-me.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/note/ssmbuild.rar

1.11、ssm總結