應用場景：

程式碼可以實現檔案變化後的監聽，如檔案變化，自動重新載入檔案內容，實現配置檔案的熱部署。

程式碼：

package com.yx.demo.filemonitor;
 
import java.io.File;
import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Timer;
import java.util.TimerTask;
 
/**
 * FileMonitor
 * 檔案監控器
 *
 * @author yx
 * @date 2019/12/21 0:59
 */
public class FileMonitor {
 
  /**
   * 每2秒更新的預設監控器
   */
  private static FileMonitor defaultFileMonitor = new FileMonitor(2 * 1000);
 
  private Timer timer_;
  private HashMap<File,FileEntry> files_; // File -> Long
  private List<FileEntry> fileEntrys = new java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList<FileEntry>();
  private Collection<WeakReference<FileListener>> listeners_; // of WeakReference(FileListener)
 
  private long pollingInterval = 10000;
 
  public static FileMonitor getDefaultFileMonitor() {
    return defaultFileMonitor;
  }
 
  /**
   * Create a file monitor instance with specified polling interval.
   *
   * @param pollingInterval Polling interval in milli seconds.
   */
  public FileMonitor(long pollingInterval) {
    this.pollingInterval = pollingInterval;
 
    files_ = new HashMap<File,FileEntry>();
    listeners_ = new ArrayList<WeakReference<FileListener>>();
 
    timer_ = new Timer("FileMonitor",true);
    timer_.schedule(new FileMonitorNotifier(),pollingInterval);
  }
 
  /**
   * Stop the file monitor polling.
   */
  public void stop() {
    timer_.cancel();
    timer_ = null;
  }
 
  public void start() {
    if (timer_ == null) {
      timer_ = new Timer(true);
      timer_.schedule(new FileMonitorNotifier(),pollingInterval);
    }
  }
 
  /**
   * Add file to listen for. File may be any java.io.File (including a
   * directory) and may well be a non-existing file in the case where the
   * creating of the file is to be trepped.
   * <p>
   * More than one file can be listened for. When the specified file is
   * created,modified or deleted,listeners are notified.
   *
   * @param file File to listen for.
   */
  public void addFile(String id,File file) {
    if (!files_.containsKey(file)) {
 
      FileEntry entry = new FileEntry(id,file,file.exists() ? file.lastModified() : -1);
      files_.put(file,entry);
    }
  }
 
  /**
   * 新增監控檔案實體。
   *
   * @param fileEntry
   */
  public void addFileEntry(FileEntry fileEntry) {
    if (!fileEntrys.contains(fileEntry)) {
      fileEntrys.add(fileEntry);
    }
  }
 
  /**
   * 通過檔案實體的標識判斷監控檔案實體是否存在。
   *
   * @param id
   * @return
   */
  public boolean fileEntryExists(String id) {
    if (id == null) {
      return false;
    }
 
    for (int i = 0; i < fileEntrys.size(); i++) {
      if (id.equals(fileEntrys.get(i).getId())) {
        return true;
      }
    }
 
    return false;
  }
 
  /**
   * 通過檔案實體標識刪除一個監控檔案實體。
   *
   * @param id
   */
  public void removeFileEntry(String id) {
    if (id == null) {
      return;
    }
 
    for (int i = 0; i < fileEntrys.size(); i++) {
      if (id.equals(fileEntrys.get(i).getId())) {
        fileEntrys.remove(i);
        return;
      }
    }
  }
 
  /**
   * Remove specified file for listening.
   *
   * @param file File to remove.
   */
  public void removeFile(File file) {
    files_.remove(file);
  }
 
  /**
   * Add listener to this file monitor.
   *
   * @param fileListener Listener to add.
   */
  public void addListener(FileListener fileListener) {
    // Don't add if its already there
    for (Iterator<WeakReference<FileListener>> i = listeners_.iterator(); i.hasNext(); ) {
      WeakReference<FileListener> reference = i.next();
      FileListener listener = (FileListener) reference.get();
      if (listener == fileListener) {
        return;
      }
    }
 
    // Use WeakReference to avoid memory leak if this becomes the
    // sole reference to the object.
    listeners_.add(new WeakReference<FileListener>(fileListener));
  }
 
  /**
   * Remove listener from this file monitor.
   *
   * @param fileListener Listener to remove.
   */
  public void removeListener(FileListener fileListener) {
    for (Iterator<WeakReference<FileListener>> i = listeners_.iterator(); i.hasNext(); ) {
      WeakReference<FileListener> reference = (WeakReference<FileListener>) i.next();
      FileListener listener = (FileListener) reference.get();
      if (listener == fileListener) {
        i.remove();
        break;
      }
    }
  }
 
  /**
   * This is the timer thread which is executed every n milliseconds according
   * to the setting of the file monitor. It investigates the file in question
   * and notify listeners if changed.
   */
  private class FileMonitorNotifier extends TimerTask {
    @Override
    public void run() {
      try {
        for (Iterator<FileEntry> i = fileEntrys.iterator(); i.hasNext(); ) {
          try {
            FileEntry entry = i.next();
            if (entry == null || !entry.check()) {
              i.remove();
            }
          } catch (Throwable t) {
            t.printStackTrace();
            System.out.println("執行檔案監控發生錯誤:" + t.getMessage());
          }
        }
 
        // Loop over the registered files and see which have changed.
        // Use a copy of the list in case listener wants to alter the
        // list within its fileChanged method.
        Collection<File> files = new ArrayList<File>(files_.keySet());
 
        for (Iterator<File> i = files.iterator(); i.hasNext(); ) {
          File file = i.next();
          try {
            FileEntry fileEntry = files_.get(file);
            long lastModifiedTime = fileEntry.getLastModified();
            long newModifiedTime = file.exists() ? file.lastModified() : -1;
 
            //logger.debug(file.getAbsolutePath());
            //logger.debug("  {}=>{}",lastModifiedTime,newModifiedTime);
            // Chek if file has changed
            if (newModifiedTime != lastModifiedTime) {
              //logger.debug("file changed {})",file.getAbsolutePath());
              fileEntry.setLastModified(newModifiedTime);
              // Register new modified time
              files_.put(file,fileEntry);
 
              if (fileEntry.getFileListener() != null) {
                fileEntry.getFileListener().fileChanged(fileEntry);
              } else {
                // Notify listeners
                for (Iterator<WeakReference<FileListener>> j =
                    listeners_.iterator(); j.hasNext(); ) {
                  WeakReference<FileListener> reference =
                      (WeakReference<FileListener>) j.next();
                  FileListener listener = (FileListener) reference.get();
 
                  // Remove from list if the back-end object has been GC'd
                  if (listener == null) {
                    j.remove();
                  } else {
                    listener.fileChanged(fileEntry);
                  }
                }
              }
            }
          } catch (Throwable t) {
            if (file != null) {
              t.printStackTrace();
              System.out.println(
                  "file monitor execute error,file=" + file.getAbsolutePath() +
                      t.getMessage());
            } else {
              System.out.println(
                  "file monitor execute error,file=null" + t.getMessage());
            }
          }
        }
      } catch (Throwable t) {
        System.out.println("執行檔案監控發生錯誤" + t.getMessage());
      }
    }
  }
}
package com.yx.demo.filemonitor;
 
/**
 * FileListener
 *
 * @author yx
 * @date 2019/12/21 0:55
 */
public interface FileListener {
 /**
 * 
 * @param fileEntry
 */
 public void fileChanged(FileEntry fileEntry);
}

package com.yx.demo.filemonitor;

import java.io.File;
import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
/**
 * FileEntry
 * 檔案Entry，如果FileEntry指定了FileListener，那麼當檔案發生變動時只觸發指定的FileListener
 *
 * @author yx
 * @date 2019/12/21 0:56
 */
public class FileEntry {
  String id;
  File file;
  long lastModified;
  FileListener fileListener = null;
  Object userData;
  WeakReference<Object> reference = null;
  /**
   * 建構函式。
   *
   * @param id
   * @param file
   */
  public FileEntry(String id,File file) {
    this(id,file.exists() ? file.lastModified() : -1);
  }
  public FileEntry(Object reference,String id,file.exists() ? file.lastModified() : -1);
    reference = new WeakReference<Object>(reference);
  }
  /**
   * 建構函式。
   *
   * @param id      標識
   * @param file     要監控的檔案
   * @param lastmodified 最後修改日期
   */
  public FileEntry(String id,File file,long lastmodified) {
    super();
    this.id = id;
    this.file = file;
    this.lastModified = lastmodified;
  }
  public boolean check() {
    if (reference != null && reference.get() == null) {
      //監控物件已經不存在，請求FileMonitor刪除自己
      return false;
    }
    long newModifiedTime = file.exists() ? file.lastModified() : -1;
    if (lastModified != newModifiedTime) {
      this.lastModified = newModifiedTime;
      FileListener ls = this.getFileListener();
      if (ls == null) {
        return false;
      } else {
        try {
          ls.fileChanged(this);
        } catch (Exception e) {
          e.printStackTrace();
          System.err.println("執行檔案監控事件監聽" + e.getMessage());
        }
        return true;
      }
    } else {
      return true;
    }
  }
  public String getId() {
    return id;
  }
  public void setId(String id) {
    this.id = id;
  }
  public File getFile() {
    return file;
  }
  public void setFile(File file) {
    this.file = file;
  }
  public long getLastModified() {
    return lastModified;
  }
  public void setLastModified(long lastModified) {
    this.lastModified = lastModified;
  }
  public FileListener getFileListener() {
    return fileListener;
  }
  public void setFileListener(FileListener fileListener) {
    this.fileListener = fileListener;
  }
  public Object getUserData() {
    return userData;
  }
  public void setUserData(Object userData) {
    this.userData = userData;
  }
}

使用demo:

// 檔案路徑
String fileName = "conf/database.xml";
// 檔案監控
FileListener fileListener = new FileListener() {
@Override
public void fileChanged(FileEntry fileEntry) {
// TODO 檔案變化後的業務處理
}
};
File file = new File(fileName);
FileEntry fileEntry = new FileEntry("database",file);
// 設定檔案監控
fileEntry.setFileListener(fileListener);
FileMonitor.getDefaultFileMonitor().addFileEntry(fileEntry);

總結

以上所述是小編給大家介紹的Java實現檔案監控器FileMonitor的例項程式碼，希望對大家有所幫助，如果大家有任何疑問請給我留言，小編會及時回覆大家的。在此也非常感謝大家對我們網站的支援！
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