Java常用阻塞佇列

ArrayBlockingQueue

內部由一個固定長度的陣列來實現阻塞佇列

/** The queued items */
final Object[] items;

/** items index for next take, poll, peek or remove */
int takeIndex;

/** items index for next put, offer, or add */
int putIndex;

public ArrayBlockingQueue(int capacity, boolean fair) {
    if (capacity <= 0)
        throw new IllegalArgumentException();
    /** 定長陣列 */
    this.items = new Object[capacity]; 
    lock = new ReentrantLock(fair);
    notEmpty = lock.newCondition();
    notFull =  lock.newCondition();
}
 

提供了兩個入隊操作方法，offer()和put()
offer方法不會阻塞，但有返回值，如果佇列滿了，那麼直接返回false，否則插入資料並返回true。

/**
 * Inserts the specified element at the tail of this queue if it is
 * possible to do so immediately without exceeding the queue's capacity,
 * returning {@code true} upon success and {@code false} if this queue
 * is full.  This method is generally preferable to method {@link #add},
 * which can fail to insert an element only by throwing an exception.
 *
 * @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null
 */
public boolean offer(E e) {
    checkNotNull(e);
    final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
    lock.lock();
    try {
        if (count == items.length)
            return false;
        else {
            enqueue(e);
            return true;
        }
    } finally {
        lock.unlock();
    }
}
 

put()會在佇列滿了的時候會阻塞生產者執行緒，知道有消費者執行緒消費後將其喚醒。

public void put(E e) throws InterruptedException {
    checkNotNull(e);
    final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
    lock.lockInterruptibly();
    try {
        while (count == items.length)
            notFull.await();
        enqueue(e);
    } finally {
        lock.unlock();
    }
}

private E dequeue() {
    // assert lock.getHoldCount() == 1;
    // assert items[takeIndex] != null;
    final Object[] items = this.items;
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    E x = (E) items[takeIndex];
    items[takeIndex] = null;
    if (++takeIndex == items.length)
        takeIndex = 0;
    count--;
    if (itrs != null)
        itrs.elementDequeued();
    notFull.signal(); // 出隊後喚醒生產者執行緒
    return x;
}
 

LinkedBlockingQueue

基於連結串列的阻塞佇列，同ArrayListBlockingQueue類似，其內部也維持著一個數據緩衝佇列（該佇列由一個連結串列構成），當生產者往佇列中放入一個數據時，佇列會從生產者手中獲取資料，並快取在佇列內部，而生產者立即返回；只有當佇列緩衝區達到最大值快取容量時，才會阻塞生產者佇列，直到消費者從佇列中消費掉一份資料，生產者執行緒會被喚醒，反之對於消費者這端的處理也基於同樣的原理。

需要注意的是，如果構造一個LinkedBlockingQueue物件，而沒有指定其容量大小，LinkedBlockingQueue會預設一個類似無限大小的容量（Integer.MAX_VALUE），這樣的話，如果生產者的速度一旦大於消費者的速度，也許還沒有等到佇列滿阻塞產生，系統記憶體就有可能已被消耗殆盡了。

/**
 * Creates a {@code LinkedBlockingQueue} with a capacity of
 * {@link Integer#MAX_VALUE}.
 */
public LinkedBlockingQueue() {
    this(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
}

/**
 * Creates a {@code LinkedBlockingQueue} with the given (fixed) capacity.
 *
 * @param capacity the capacity of this queue
 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code capacity} is not greater
 *         than zero
 */
public LinkedBlockingQueue(int capacity) {
    if (capacity <= 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException();
    this.capacity = capacity;
    last = head = new Node<E>(null);
}

使用 BlockingQueue 實現生產者消費者問題

public class ProducerConsumer {

    private static BlockingQueue<String> queue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(5);

    private static class Producer extends Thread {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            try {
                queue.put("product");
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.print("produce..");
        }
    }

    private static class Consumer extends Thread {

        @Override
        public void run() {
            try {
                String product = queue.take();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.print("consume..");
        }
    }
}

public static void main(String[] args) {
    for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
        Producer producer = new Producer();
        producer.start();
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
        Consumer consumer = new Consumer();
        consumer.start();
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
        Producer producer = new Producer();
        producer.start();
    }
}

output：
produce..produce..consume..consume..produce..consume..produce..consume..produce..consume..