安裝mysql5.7

1. 在aliyun機器上安裝和配置mysql

2. 在安裝MySQL服務的時候

   [root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mysql-community-server
   

3. 遇到以下報錯

   Downloading packages:
   warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/2.1903/mysql57-community/packages/mysql-community-common-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 3a79bd29: NOKEY
   Public key for mysql-community-common-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm is not installed
   (1/4): mysql-community-common-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                  | 311 kB  00:00:01
   (2/4): mysql-community-libs-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                    | 2.4 MB  00:00:01
   (3/4): mysql-community-client-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                  |  25 MB  00:00:08
   (4/4): mysql-community-server-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                  | 174 MB  00:00:42
   ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Total                                                                                         4.4 MB/s | 202 MB  00:00:45
   Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
   Importing GPG key 0x5072E1F5:
    Userid     : "MySQL Release Engineering <[email protected]>"
    Fingerprint: a4a9 4068 76fc bd3c 4567 70c8 8c71 8d3b 5072 e1f5
    Package    : mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch (@/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch)
    From       : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
   
   Public key for mysql-community-server-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm is not installed
   
    Failing package is: mysql-community-server-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64
    GPG Keys are configured as: file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
    
   

4. 需要需要以下yum檔案,指定某個版本

   vi /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo
   
   # Enable to use MySQL 5.6
   [mysql56-community]
   name=MySQL 5.6 Community Server
   
   baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.6-community/el/6/$basearch/
   enabled=1
   gpgcheck=1
   # gpgcheck=0表示預設此版本
   gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
   

啟動MySQL

1. 啟動MySQL服務systemctl start mysqld.service

2. 重啟systemctl restart mysqld.service

3. 停止systemctl stop mysqld.service

4. 檢視狀態systemctl status mysqld.service

5. 配置MySQL的開機啟動systemctl enable mysqld

6. 重新整理配置生效systemctl daemon-reload

登陸MySQL

1. 第一次登陸,先檢視內建密碼

   grep "password" /var/log/mysqld.log
   

2. 用root登陸mysql -u root -p

   • 需要進行修改密碼

   SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('密碼');
    
   

   mysql> set global validate_password_policy=0;  //改變密碼等級
   mysql> set global validate_password_length=4;   //改變密碼最小長度
   

3. 配置遠端登陸

   MySQL預設root使用者只能本地登入，如果要遠端連線，要簡單設定下，這裡直接用root來遠端登入不新增其他角色。

   GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '1234' WITH GRANT OPTION;
   

   1. *.*的意思是所有庫的所有表
   2. To後面跟的是使用者名稱
   3. @後面跟的是ip地址
   4. %代表所有ip地址
   5. identified by後面的是密碼

   flush privileges;
   

   需要注意mysql的配置檔案中的bindaddress 的引數和skip-networking配置

   bindaddress : 設定哪些ip地址被配置，使得mysql伺服器只回應哪些ip地址的請求),最好註釋掉該引數或設定成為127.0.0.1以外的值

   skip-networking : 如果設定了該引數項，將導致所有TCP/IP埠沒有被監聽,也就是說出了本機，其他客戶端都無法用網路連線到本mysql伺服器，所以應該註釋掉該引數

新增埠

1. 新增3306埠

   firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent;
   

2. 檢視防火牆狀態systemctl status firewalld

3. 開啟防火牆systemctl start firewalld

4. 重新啟用3306埠

   firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent;
   

5. 重啟防火牆firewall-cmd --reload

收尾動作

1. 檢視MySQL的配置檔案cat /etc/my.cnf

   [root@blue-ocean tmp]# cat /etc/my.cnf
   # For advice on how to change settings please see
   # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
   
   [mysqld]
   #
   # Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
   # cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
   # innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
   #
   # Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
   # changes to the binary log between backups.
   # log_bin
   #
   # Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
   # The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
   # Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
   # join_buffer_size = 128M
   # sort_buffer_size = 2M
   # read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
   datadir=/var/lib/mysql
   socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
   
   # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
   symbolic-links=0
   
   log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
   pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
   

2. 在vim /etc/my.cnf中

   [mysqld] 
   
   character_set_server=utf8
   init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'
   

3. 預設配置檔案路徑

   /etc/my.cnf #這是mysql的主配置檔案
   /var/lib/mysql #mysql資料庫的資料庫檔案存放位置
   /var/log mysql #資料庫的日誌輸出存放位置