Spring Boot如何實現定時任務的動態增刪啟停詳解
我以為動態停啟定時任務一般用quartz,沒想到還可以通過ScheduledTaskRegistrar來拓展。但是分散式場景,建議還是用quartz吧!
在 spring boot 專案中,可以通過 @EnableScheduling 註解和 @Scheduled 註解實現定時任務,也可以通過 SchedulingConfigurer 介面來實現定時任務。但是這兩種方式不能動態新增、刪除、啟動、停止任務。要實現動態增刪啟停定時任務功能,比較廣泛的做法是整合 Quartz 框架。
但是本人的開發原則是:在滿足專案需求的情況下,儘量少的依賴其它框架,避免專案過於臃腫和複雜。檢視 spring-context 這個 jar 包中 org.springframework.scheduling.ScheduledTaskRegistrar 這個類的原始碼,發現可以通過改造這個類就能實現動態增刪啟停定時任務功能。
定時任務列表頁
定時任務執行日誌
新增執行定時任務的執行緒池配置類
@Configuration public class SchedulingConfig { @Bean public TaskScheduler taskScheduler() { ThreadPoolTaskScheduler taskScheduler = new ThreadPoolTaskScheduler(); taskScheduler.setPoolSize(4); taskScheduler.setRemoveOnCancelPolicy(true); taskScheduler.setThreadNamePrefix("TaskSchedulerThreadPool-"); return taskScheduler; } }
新增 ScheduledFuture 的包裝類。ScheduledFuture 是 ScheduledExecutorService 定時任務執行緒池的執行結果。
public final class ScheduledTask { volatile ScheduledFuture<?> future; public void cancel() { ScheduledFuture<?> future = this.future; if (future != null) { future.cancel(true); } } }
新增 Runnable 介面實現類,被定時任務執行緒池呼叫,用來執行指定 bean 裡面的方法。
public class SchedulingRunnable implements Runnable { private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SchedulingRunnable.class); private String beanName; private String methodName; private String params; public SchedulingRunnable(String beanName,String methodName) { this(beanName,methodName,null); } public SchedulingRunnable(String beanName,String methodName,String params) { this.beanName = beanName; this.methodName = methodName; this.params = params; } @Override public void run() { logger.info("定時任務開始執行 - bean:{},方法:{},引數:{}",beanName,params); long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); try { Object target = SpringContextUtils.getBean(beanName); Method method = null; if (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(params)) { method = target.getClass().getDeclaredMethod(methodName,String.class); } else { method = target.getClass().getDeclaredMethod(methodName); } ReflectionUtils.makeAccessible(method); if (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(params)) { method.invoke(target,params); } else { method.invoke(target); } } catch (Exception ex) { logger.error(String.format("定時任務執行異常 - bean:%s,方法:%s,引數:%s ",params),ex); } long times = System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime; logger.info("定時任務執行結束 - bean:{},方法:{},引數:{},耗時:{} 毫秒",params,times); } @Override public boolean equals(Object o) { if (this == o) return true; if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false; SchedulingRunnable that = (SchedulingRunnable) o; if (params == null) { return beanName.equals(that.beanName) && methodName.equals(that.methodName) && that.params == null; } return beanName.equals(that.beanName) && methodName.equals(that.methodName) && params.equals(that.params); } @Override public int hashCode() { if (params == null) { return Objects.hash(beanName,methodName); } return Objects.hash(beanName,params); } }
新增定時任務註冊類,用來增加、刪除定時任務。
@Component public class CronTaskRegistrar implements DisposableBean { private final Map<Runnable,ScheduledTask> scheduledTasks = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(16); @Autowired private TaskScheduler taskScheduler; public TaskScheduler getScheduler() { return this.taskScheduler; } public void addCronTask(Runnable task,String cronExpression) { addCronTask(new CronTask(task,cronExpression)); } public void addCronTask(CronTask cronTask) { if (cronTask != null) { Runnable task = cronTask.getRunnable(); if (this.scheduledTasks.containsKey(task)) { removeCronTask(task); } this.scheduledTasks.put(task,scheduleCronTask(cronTask)); } } public void removeCronTask(Runnable task) { ScheduledTask scheduledTask = this.scheduledTasks.remove(task); if (scheduledTask != null) scheduledTask.cancel(); } public ScheduledTask scheduleCronTask(CronTask cronTask) { ScheduledTask scheduledTask = new ScheduledTask(); scheduledTask.future = this.taskScheduler.schedule(cronTask.getRunnable(),cronTask.getTrigger()); return scheduledTask; } @Override public void destroy() { for (ScheduledTask task : this.scheduledTasks.values()) { task.cancel(); } this.scheduledTasks.clear(); } }
新增定時任務示例類
@Component("demoTask") public class DemoTask { public void taskWithParams(String params) { System.out.println("執行有參示例任務:" + params); } public void taskNoParams() { System.out.println("執行無參示例任務"); } }
定時任務資料庫表設計
定時任務資料庫表設計
新增定時任務實體類
public class SysJobPO { private Integer jobId; private String beanName; private String methodName; private String methodParams; private String cronExpression; private Integer jobStatus; private String remark; private Date createTime; private Date updateTime; public Integer getJobId() { return jobId; } public void setJobId(Integer jobId) { this.jobId = jobId; } public String getBeanName() { return beanName; } public void setBeanName(String beanName) { this.beanName = beanName; } public String getMethodName() { return methodName; } public void setMethodName(String methodName) { this.methodName = methodName; } public String getMethodParams() { return methodParams; } public void setMethodParams(String methodParams) { this.methodParams = methodParams; } public String getCronExpression() { return cronExpression; } public void setCronExpression(String cronExpression) { this.cronExpression = cronExpression; } public Integer getJobStatus() { return jobStatus; } public void setJobStatus(Integer jobStatus) { this.jobStatus = jobStatus; } public String getRemark() { return remark; } public void setRemark(String remark) { this.remark = remark; } public Date getCreateTime() { return createTime; } public void setCreateTime(Date createTime) { this.createTime = createTime; } public Date getUpdateTime() { return updateTime; } public void setUpdateTime(Date updateTime) { this.updateTime = updateTime; } }
新增定時任務
新增定時任務
boolean success = sysJobRepository.addSysJob(sysJob); if (!success) return OperationResUtils.fail("新增失敗"); else { if (sysJob.getJobStatus().equals(SysJobStatus.NORMAL.ordinal())) { SchedulingRunnable task = new SchedulingRunnable(sysJob.getBeanName(),sysJob.getMethodName(),sysJob.getMethodParams()); cronTaskRegistrar.addCronTask(task,sysJob.getCronExpression()); } } return OperationResUtils.success();
修改定時任務,先移除原來的任務,再啟動新任務
boolean success = sysJobRepository.editSysJob(sysJob); if (!success) return OperationResUtils.fail("編輯失敗"); else { if (existedSysJob.getJobStatus().equals(SysJobStatus.NORMAL.ordinal())) { SchedulingRunnable task = new SchedulingRunnable(existedSysJob.getBeanName(),existedSysJob.getMethodName(),existedSysJob.getMethodParams()); cronTaskRegistrar.removeCronTask(task); } if (sysJob.getJobStatus().equals(SysJobStatus.NORMAL.ordinal())) { SchedulingRunnable task = new SchedulingRunnable(sysJob.getBeanName(),sysJob.getCronExpression()); } } return OperationResUtils.success();
刪除定時任務
boolean success = sysJobRepository.deleteSysJobById(req.getJobId()); if (!success) return OperationResUtils.fail("刪除失敗"); else{ if (existedSysJob.getJobStatus().equals(SysJobStatus.NORMAL.ordinal())) { SchedulingRunnable task = new SchedulingRunnable(existedSysJob.getBeanName(),existedSysJob.getMethodParams()); cronTaskRegistrar.removeCronTask(task); } } return OperationResUtils.success();
定時任務啟動 / 停止狀態切換
if (existedSysJob.getJobStatus().equals(SysJobStatus.NORMAL.ordinal())) { SchedulingRunnable task = new SchedulingRunnable(existedSysJob.getBeanName(),existedSysJob.getMethodParams()); cronTaskRegistrar.addCronTask(task,existedSysJob.getCronExpression()); } else { SchedulingRunnable task = new SchedulingRunnable(existedSysJob.getBeanName(),existedSysJob.getMethodParams()); cronTaskRegistrar.removeCronTask(task); }
新增實現了 CommandLineRunner 介面的 SysJobRunner 類,當 spring boot 專案啟動完成後,載入資料庫裡狀態為正常的定時任務。
@Service public class SysJobRunner implements CommandLineRunner { private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SysJobRunner.class); @Autowired private ISysJobRepository sysJobRepository; @Autowired private CronTaskRegistrar cronTaskRegistrar; @Override public void run(String... args) { List<SysJobPO> jobList = sysJobRepository.getSysJobListByStatus(SysJobStatus.NORMAL.ordinal()); if (CollectionUtils.isNotEmpty(jobList)) { for (SysJobPO job : jobList) { SchedulingRunnable task = new SchedulingRunnable(job.getBeanName(),job.getMethodName(),job.getMethodParams()); cronTaskRegistrar.addCronTask(task,job.getCronExpression()); } logger.info("定時任務已載入完畢..."); } } }
工具類 SpringContextUtils,用來從 spring 容器裡獲取 bean
@Component public class SpringContextUtils implements ApplicationContextAware { private static ApplicationContext applicationContext; @Override public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException { SpringContextUtils.applicationContext = applicationContext; } public static Object getBean(String name) { return applicationContext.getBean(name); } public static <T> T getBean(Class<T> requiredType) { return applicationContext.getBean(requiredType); } public static <T> T getBean(String name,Class<T> requiredType) { return applicationContext.getBean(name,requiredType); } public static boolean containsBean(String name) { return applicationContext.containsBean(name); } public static boolean isSingleton(String name) { return applicationContext.isSingleton(name); } public static Class<? extends Object> getType(String name) { return applicationContext.getType(name); } }
總結
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