|NO.Z.00002|——————————|NavigationLog|——|Linux&本地yum源&遠端epel源|
阿新 • • 發佈:2022-03-22
[NavigationIng:Linux&本地yum源&遠端epel源] [NavigationIng.了不起]
一、方案一:光碟掛載/解除安裝/開機自動掛載
### ---- 方案一: ~~~ 將ISO檔案上傳到/home/目錄下 [root@localhost home]# ls CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1611.iso soft.bak ~~~ 建立掛載點 [root@localhost mnt]# mkdir centos7.3 ~~~ 將ISO檔案掛載到/mnt/centos7.3目錄下 [root@localhost mnt]# mount -t iso9660 -o loop /home/CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1611.iso /mnt/centos7.3/ ~~~ 檢視是否掛載成功 [root@localhost mnt]# df -h /dev/loop0 4.1G 4.1G 0 100% /mnt/centos7.3 [root@localhost centos7.3]# pwd /mnt/centos7.3 [root@localhost centos7.3]# ls CentOS_BuildTag EULA images LiveOS repodata RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-7 EFI GPL isolinux Packages RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 TRANS.TBL
### --- 設定開機自動掛載
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/fstab
/home/CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1611.iso /mnt/centos7.3 iso9660 defaults 0 0
二、方案一:光碟掛載/解除安裝### ---- 方案二: ~~~ 注:fstab 輸入錯誤會使主機無法正常啟動而進入emergency mode緊急狀態 [root@localhost ~]# echo "/dev/sr0 /mnt/cdrom iso9660 defaults 0 0" >>/etc/fstab ~~~ 解除安裝 [root@localhost ~]# umount /mnt/centos7.3
### ---- 方案二: ~~~ 建立掛載點 [root@localhost ~]# mkdir /mnt/centos7.3 ~~~ 掛載磁碟檔案 [root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/centos7.3/ ~~~ 檢視掛載是否成功 [root@localhost ~]# df -h /dev/sr0 4.1G 4.1G 0 100% /mnt/centos7.3 ~~~ 拷貝檔案到/home目錄下,製作本地YUM源時用 [root@localhost ~]# cd -r /mnt/centos7.3/ /home/
### ---- 設定開機自啟動
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/fstab
/dev/cdrom /mnt/centos7.3 iso9660 defaults 0 0
[root@localhost ~]# echo “/dev/cdrom /mnt/centos7.3 iso9660 defaults 0 0” >>/etc/fstab
一、製作本地YUM源
### --- 製作YUM本地源:
~~~ 備份原有的YUM檔案
[root@localhost ~]# cp -r /etc/yum.repos.d/ /home/soft.bak
~~~ 建立YUM配置檔案my.repo
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/my.repo
[CentOS7.3] // 倉庫ID 唯一標識別,不能重複
name=centos7.3 // 完整的倉庫名稱
baseurl=file:///home/centos7.3 // YUM倉庫指明的訪問路徑
gpgcheck=0 // 是否檢查完整性和來源合法性(1啟用,0禁用)
enabled=1 // 是否啟用此YUM倉庫,預設啟用(1啟用,0禁用)
### --- 快取yum原始檔:
[root@localhost ~]# yum clean all // 清除原有的YUM源
[root@localhost ~]# yum makecache // 更新YUM源
[root@localhost ~]# yum repolist all // 檢視所建立的YUM倉庫
repo id repo name status
EentOS7.3 centos7.3 enabled: 3,831
### --- yum常用操作:
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa |grep softwarename // 檢視sever下有無安裝該軟體
[root@localhost ~]# yum list | grep softwarenane // 檢視yum倉庫下有無該軟體
[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y software // 安裝軟體包
[root@localhost ~]# yum reinstall -y software // 重新安裝
[root@localhost ~]# yum remove -y software // 解除安裝已安裝的軟體包
三、YUM常用命令操作
### --- YUM常用操作
[root@localhost ~]# yum history summary httpd // 列出軟體包的詳細資訊
[root@localhost ~]# yum install PACKAGE_NAME // 安裝yum包:
[root@localhost ~]# yum remove PACKAGE_NAME // 取出yum包裝:解除安裝yum包
[root@localhost ~]# yum reinstall PACKAGE_NAME // 重新安裝一個yum包:
[root@localhost ~]# yum search PACKAGE_NAME // 搜尋yum包:
[root@localhost ~]# yum info PACKAGE_NAME // 顯示yum包的資訊:
[root@localhost ~]# yum update // 更新安裝的yum包:
[root@localhost ~]# yum update PACKAGE_NAME // 更新具體的yum包:
[root@localhost ~]# yum history // 顯示yum歷史:
[root@localhost ~]# yum repolist // 顯示已啟用的yum儲存庫的列表:
[root@localhost ~]# yum whatprovides "*bin/nc" // 找出哪個yum包提供了一個特定的檔案(例如:/usr/bin/nc)):
[root@localhost ~]# yum clean all // 清除yum快取:
四、centos建議使用epel源:
### --- 什麼是epel源:
~~~ 如果既想獲得 RHEL 的高質量、高效能、高可靠性,
~~~ 又需要方便易用(關鍵是免費)的軟體包更新功能,
~~~ 那麼 Fedora Project 推出的 EPEL(Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux)正好適合你。
~~~ EPEL(http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/EPEL) 是由 Fedora 社群打造,
~~~ 為 RHEL 及衍生髮行版如 CentOS、Scientific Linux 等提供高質量軟體包的專案。
### --- 使用感受:
~~~ 不用去換原來yum源,安裝後會產生新repo
~~~ epel會有很多源地址,如果一個下不到,會去另外一個下
~~~ 更新時如果下載的包不全,就不會進行安裝。這樣的話,依賴關係可以報錯;
http://mirror.xfes.ru/fedora-epel/6/x86_64/ibus-table-chinese-scj-1.3.4-1.el6.noarch.rpm: [Errno 14] PYCURL ERROR 6 - ""
Trying other mirror.
http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/fedora/epel/6/x86_64/ibus-table-chinese-scj-1.3.4-1.el6.noarch.rpm: [Errno 14] PYCURL ERROR 6 - ""
Trying other mirror.
http://repo.boun.edu.tr/epel/6/x86_64/ibus-table-chinese-scj-1.3.4-1.el6.noarch.rpm: [Errno 14] PYCURL ERROR 6 - ""kjs
### --- 64位作業系統:
### --- 安裝epel源:
rpm -ivh https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-6.noarch.rpm
rpm -ivh https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm
rpm -ivh https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-8.noarch.rpm
### --- key選擇下載:
rpm -ivh https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6
rpm -ivh https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6Server
rpm -ivh https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7
rpm -ivh https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7Server
rpm -ivh https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-8
### --- 匯入key:
rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6
rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6Server
rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7
rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7Server
rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-8
### --- 如果用比較新的軟體,用epel-test.repo這個檔案就行了
[root@localhost ~]# yum install yum-priorities // yum-priorities外掛是用來設定yum在呼叫軟體源時的順序,
// 因為官方提供的軟體源,都是比較穩定和被推薦使用的,因此官方源的順序要高於第三方
root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls |grep epel // 這兩個檔案產生,說明epel源安裝成功
epel.repo
epel-testing.repo
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Walter Savage Landor:strove with none,for none was worth my strife.Nature I loved and, next to Nature, Art:I warm'd both hands before the fire of life.It sinks, and I am ready to depart ——W.S.Landor
來自為知筆記(Wiz)