Ubuntu安裝anaconda和一些常用的conda命令
阿新 • • 發佈：2022-03-28
time stamp:2022-03-28
author: Weber
實驗環境
vmware ubuntu虛擬機器
$uname -a
Linux weber-virtual-machine 5.11.0-40-generic #44~20.04.2-Ubuntu SMP Tue Oct 26 18:07:44 UTC 2021 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
實驗步驟
1. 下載安裝指令碼
$wget -P /tmp https://repo.anaconda.com/archive/Anaconda3-2021.11-Linux-x86_64.sh
如果下載速度過慢，可能是ubuntu沒有換源，下面是給Ubuntu換源的步驟：
將原先的源進行備份
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bakvim原始檔並新增國內的源
sudo vim/etc/apt/sources.list#配置內容（國內源）： #阿里源 deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse #清華源 # 預設註釋了原始碼映象以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消註釋 deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse # 預釋出軟體源，不建議啟用 # deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse #中科大源 deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse #網易163源 deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse更新
#更新源 sudo apt-get update #更新軟體 sudo apt-get upgrade
2.驗證指令碼資料完整性
$sha256sum /tmp/Anaconda3-2021.11-Linux-x86_64.sh
輸出類似於以下：
$fedf9e340039557f7b5e8a8a86affa9d299f5e9820144bd7b92ae9f7ee08ac60 /tmp/Anaconda3-2021.11-Linux-x86_64.sh
確保上面的命令打印出來的雜湊值和https://docs.anaconda.com/anaconda/install/hashes/lin-3-64/ 頁面對應版本的 Anaconda 雜湊值一樣。
fedf9e340039557f7b5e8a8a86affa9d299f5e9820144bd7b92ae9f7ee08ac60
3.執行指令碼安裝
$bash /tmp/Anaconda3-2021.11-Linux-x86_64.sh
輸出：
Welcome to Anaconda3 2020.02 In order to continue the installation process, please review the license agreement. Please, press ENTER to continue >>>按
ENTER繼續。往下滑動閱讀協議，使用ENTER按鍵。一旦你看完協議，你將會被詢問是否接受協議條款：Do you approve the license terms? [yes|no]輸入
yes接受協議，並且你會被提示選擇安裝路徑：Anaconda3 will now be installed into this location: /root/anaconda3 - Press ENTER to confirm the location - Press CTRL-C to abort the installation - Or specify a different location below預設的位置應該對大部分使用者都可直接使用。按
Enter確認位置。安裝過程將會花費一些時間，並且一旦完成，指令碼將會問你是否想要執行
conda init。輸入yes。Installation finished. Do you wish the installer to initialize Anaconda3 by running conda init? [yes|no]這將會將命令列工具
conda新增到系統的PATH環境變數中。想要啟用 Anaconda，你可以關閉並且重新開啟你的 shell 或者在當前 shell 會話中輸入下面的命令，來重新載入
PATH環境變數：source ~/.bashrc想要驗證安裝過程，在你的終端輸入
conda。
3.conda相關命令
建立環境
conda create --name your_env_name輸入y確認建立。
創建制定python版本的環境
conda create --name your_env_name python=2.7 conda create --name your_env_name python=3 conda create --name your_env_name python=3.5建立包含某些包的環境
conda create --name your_env_name numpy scipy建立指定python版本下包含某些包的環境
conda create --name your_env_name python=3.5 numpy scipy列舉當前所有環境
conda info --envs conda env list進入某個環境
activate your_env_name退出當前環境
deactivate複製某個環境
conda create --name new_env_name --clone old_env_name刪除某個環境
conda remove --name your_env_name --all