檢視Linux系統記憶體、CPU、磁碟使用率和詳細資訊
阿新 • • 發佈：2022-04-08
轉載自：https://www.csdn.net/tags/NtjaAgysMjc1MzgtYmxvZwO0O0OO0O0O.html
一、檢視記憶體佔用
1、free
# free -m
以MB為單位顯示記憶體使用情況
[root@localhost ~]# free -m
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 11852 1250 8668 410 1934 9873
Swap: 6015 0 6015# free -h
以GB為單位顯示記憶體使用情況
[root@localhost ~]# free -h
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 11G 1.2G 8.5G 410M 1.9G 9.6G
Swap: 5.9G 0B 5.9G
# free -t
以總和的形式查詢記憶體的使用資訊
[root@localhost ~]# free -t
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 12137332 1285344 8870628 420268 1981360 10105740
Swap: 6160380 0 6160380
Total: 18297712 1285344 15031008# free -s 5
週期性的查詢記憶體使用資訊
每5秒執行一次命令
[root@localhost ~]# free -s 5
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 12137332 1280796 8875008 420268 1981528 10110136
Swap: 6160380 0 6160380
解釋：
Mem：記憶體的使用情況總覽表
total：機器總的實體記憶體
used：用掉的記憶體
free：空閒的實體記憶體
注：實體記憶體（total）=系統看到的用掉的記憶體（used）+系統看到空閒的記憶體（free）
2、檢視某個pid的實體記憶體使用情況
# cat /proc/PID/status | grep VmRSS
[root@localhost ~]# pidof nginx 27327 27326 [root@localhost ~]# [root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/27327/status | grep VmRSS VmRSS: 2652 kB [root@localhost ~]# [root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/27326/status | grep VmRSS VmRSS: 1264 kB [root@localhost ~]# [root@localhost ~]# pidof java 1973 [root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/1973/status | grep VmRSS VmRSS: 1166852 kB
由上面可知，nginx服務程序的兩個pid所佔實體記憶體為"2652+1264=3916k"
3、檢視本機所有程序的記憶體佔比之和
# cat mem_per.sh
[root@localhost ~]# cat mem_per.sh
#!/bin/bash
ps auxw|awk '{if (NR>1){print $4}}' > /opt/mem_list
awk '{MEM_PER+=$1}END{print MEM_PER}' /opt/mem_list
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# chmod 755 mem_per.sh
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# sh mem_per.sh
64.4
[root@localhost ~]#
指令碼配置解釋：
ps -auxw|awk '{print $3}' 表示列出本機所有程序的cpu利用率情況，結果中第一行帶"%CPU"字元
ps -auxw|awk '{print $4}' 表示列出本機所有程序的記憶體利用率情況，結果中第一行帶"%MEM"字元
ps auxw|awk '{if (NR>1){print $4}} 表示將"ps auxw"結果中的第一行過濾(NR>1)掉，然後列印第4行
二、檢視CPU使用情況
1、top
top後鍵入P看一下誰佔用最大
# top -d 5
週期性的查詢CPU使用資訊
每5秒重新整理一次
top - 02:37:55 up 4 min, 1 user, load average: 0.02, 0.10, 0.05
Tasks: 355 total, 1 running, 354 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
%Cpu(s): 3.0 us, 2.8 sy, 0.0 ni, 94.2 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st
# us：表示使用者空間程式的cpu使用率（沒有通過nice排程）
# sy：表示系統空間的cpu使用率，主要是核心程式。
# id：空閒cpu
KiB Mem : 1868660 total, 1081340 free, 578388 used, 208932 buff/cache
KiB Swap: 4194300 total, 4194300 free, 0 used. 1123992 avail Mem
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
2220 mysql 20 0 1307796 471172 7608 S 0.6 25.2 0:02.31 mysqld
349 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.4 0.0 0:01.14 kworker/0:3
644 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.4 0.0 0:00.17 xfsaild/dm-0
3489 root 20 0 146432 2268 1440 R 0.4 0.1 0:00.11 top
1 root 20 0 44500 7120 2596 S 0.2 0.4 0:01.69 systemd
283 root 39 19 0 0 0 S 0.2 0.0 0:00.18 khugepaged
2621 root 20 0 141264 5140 3896 S 0.2 0.3 0:00.18 sshd
2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 kthreadd
3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 ksoftirqd/0
4 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker/0:0
5 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker/0:0H
6 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.02 kworker/u256:0
7 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/0
8 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rcu_bh
9 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rcuob/0
10 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rcuob/1
11 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rcuob/2
2、ps auxw（檢視本機的程序所佔cpu和mem的百分比情況）
使用"ps auxw" 可以檢視到本機的程序所佔cpu和mem的百分比情況
# ps auxw | head -1
%CPU 程序的cpu佔用率
%MEM 程序的記憶體佔用率
[root@localhost ~]# ps auxw | head -1 USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND [root@localhost ~]#
檢視java程序所佔本機的cpu百分比， 如下為0.2%
# ps auxw |grep -v grep|grep -w java|awk '{print $3}'
[root@localhost ~]# ps auxw |grep -v grep|grep -w java|awk '{print $3}'
0.2
檢視java程序所佔本機的記憶體百分比， 如下為30.0%
# ps auxw |grep -v grep|grep -w java|awk '{print $4}'
[root@localhost ~]# ps auxw |grep -v grep|grep -w java|awk '{print $4}'
30.0
3、檢視本機所有程序的CPU佔比之和
# cat cpu_per.sh
[root@localhost ~]# cat cpu_per.sh
#!/bin/bash
ps auxw|awk '{if (NR>1){print $3}}' > /opt/cpu_list
awk '{CPU_PER+=$1}END{print CPU_PER}' /opt/cpu_list
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# chmod 755 cpu_per.sh
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# sh cpu_per.sh
44.5
[root@localhost ~]#
三、檢視cpu資訊（資訊記錄在/proc/cpuinfo中）
# 總核數 = 物理CPU個數 X 每顆物理CPU的核數
# 總邏輯CPU數 = 物理CPU個數 X 每顆物理CPU的核數 X 超執行緒數
1、檢視虛擬機器邏輯CPU的個數
# cat /proc/cpuinfo| grep "processor"| wc -l
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo| grep "processor"| wc -l 6
2、檢視物理CPU個數
# cat /proc/cpuinfo| grep "physical id"| sort| uniq| wc -l
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo| grep "physical id"| sort| uniq| wc -l 1
3、列出CPU詳細資訊
# lscpu
伺服器1：
[root@localhost ~]# lscpu Architecture: x86_64 CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit Byte Order: Little Endian CPU(s): 6 On-line CPU(s) list: 0-5 Thread(s) per core: 1 Core(s) per socket: 6 座： 1 NUMA 節點： 1 廠商 ID： GenuineIntel CPU 系列： 6 型號： 15 型號名稱： Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Duo CPU T7700 @ 2.40GHz 步進： 11 CPU MHz： 2194.916 BogoMIPS： 4389.83 超管理器廠商： KVM 虛擬化型別： 完全 L1d 快取： 32K L1i 快取： 32K L2 快取： 4096K NUMA 節點0 CPU： 0-5 Flags: fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht syscall nx lm constant_tsc rep_good nopl eagerfpu pni ssse3 cx16 pcid sse4_2 x2apic hypervisor lahf_lm
伺服器2：
[root@bogon ~]# lscpu Architecture: x86_64 CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit Byte Order: Little Endian CPU(s): 8 On-line CPU(s) list: 0-7 Thread(s) per core: 1 Core(s) per socket: 8 Socket(s): 1 NUMA node(s): 1 Vendor ID: GenuineIntel CPU family: 6 Model: 79 Model name: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E7-4830 v4 @ 2.00GHz Stepping: 1 CPU MHz: 1995.192 BogoMIPS: 3990.38 Hypervisor vendor: VMware Virtualization type: full L1d cache: 32K L1i cache: 32K L2 cache: 256K L3 cache: 35840K NUMA node0 CPU(s): 0-7 Flags: fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht syscall nx rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts nopl xtopology tsc_reliable nonstop_tsc aperfmperf eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 sse4_1 sse4_2 movbe popcnt aes xsave avx hypervisor lahf_lm 3dnowprefetch epb dtherm arat pln pts
4、檢視每個物理CPU中core的個數(即核數)
# cat /proc/cpuinfo| grep "cpu cores"| uniq
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo| grep "cpu cores"| uniq cpu cores : 6
三、Linux下檢視哪些程序佔用的CPU和記憶體資源最多的方法
1、獲取佔用CPU資源最多的10個程序
# ps aux | head -1; ps aux | grep -v PID | sort -rn -k +3 | head -10
[root@localhost ~]# ps aux | head -1; ps aux | grep -v PID | sort -rn -k +3 | head -10 USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND root 9416 0.8 0.0 163544 6284 ? Ss 08:38 0:00 sshd: root@pts/0 root 3783 0.7 0.0 12072 2032 ? S May26 357:27 /bin/bash /usr/local/VMOptimizationTools/sangfor_guest_datareport root 9545 0.6 0.0 163224 5904 ? Ss 08:38 0:00 sshd: root@notty root 3966 0.3 0.0 12704 2676 ? S May26 183:12 /bin/bash /usr/local/VMOptimizationTools/sangfor_update_ipc_callback root 3784 0.3 0.0 12560 2552 ? S May26 182:42 /bin/bash /usr/local/VMOptimizationTools/sangfor_sfping 33 10431 0.3 0.1 409704 17832 ? S 08:38 0:00 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start root 3986 0.2 0.0 12452 2280 ? S May26 122:23 /bin/bash /usr/local/VMOptimizationTools/sangfor_vm_proxyd_w root 3781 0.2 0.0 12740 2672 ? S May26 115:59 /bin/bash /usr/local/VMOptimizationTools/sangfor_vm_proxyd 500 23785 0.2 2.0 1790172 249528 ? Ss Jun25 11:30 oraclehelowin (LOCAL=NO) root 4053 0.1 0.0 12508 2520 ? S May26 75:16 /bin/bash /usr/local/VMOptimizationTools/sangfor_watchdog
2、獲取佔用記憶體資源最多的10個程序
# ps aux | head -1; ps aux | grep -v PID | sort -rn -k +4 | head -10
[root@localhost ~]# ps aux | head -1; ps aux | grep -v PID | sort -rn -k +4 | head -10 USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND 500 32304 0.0 5.7 1794892 700976 ? Ss May31 2:53 ora_dbw0_helowin 500 4785 0.0 4.5 1797912 550132 ? Ss May29 4:03 ora_dbw0_helowin 500 4796 0.0 3.5 1798308 426468 ? Ss May29 2:11 ora_smon_helowin 500 25850 0.0 2.5 1810144 307340 ? Ss Jun17 0:10 oraclehelowin (LOCAL=NO) 500 32471 0.0 2.4 1810184 299704 ? Ss Jun14 0:30 oraclehelowin (LOCAL=NO) 500 3927 0.0 2.3 1791308 283440 ? Ss Jun26 0:13 oraclehelowin (LOCAL=NO) 500 5432 0.0 2.1 1794272 261692 ? Ss May29 7:16 ora_cjq0_helowin 500 23785 0.2 2.0 1790172 249528 ? Ss Jun25 11:30 oraclehelowin (LOCAL=NO) 500 19092 0.0 2.0 1793248 253080 ? Ss Jun21 0:28 oraclehelowin (LOCAL=NO) 500 32310 0.0 1.8 1794224 229200 ? Ss May31 1:25 ora_smon_helowin
3、檢視佔用cpu最高的程序
# ps aux | head -1; ps aux | grep -v PID | sort -rn -k +3 | head -1
[root@localhost ~]# ps aux | head -1; ps aux | grep -v PID | sort -rn -k +3 | head -1 USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND root 3783 0.7 0.0 12072 2032 ? S May26 357:32 /bin/bash /usr/local/VMOptimizationTools/sangfor_guest_datareport
4、獲取佔用記憶體資源最高的程序
# ps aux | head -1; ps aux | grep -v PID | sort -rn -k +4 | head -1
[root@localhost ~]# ps aux | head -1; ps aux | grep -v PID | sort -rn -k +4 | head -1 USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND 500 32304 0.0 5.7 1794892 700976 ? Ss May31 2:53 ora_dbw0_helowin
四、Linux下檢視某些程序的啟動時間和執行時長
比如檢視java程序的啟動時間和執行時長
# ps -ef|grep -v grep|grep -w java|awk '{print $2}'
# ps -eo pid,lstart,etime | grep 1973
其中：
Mon Jun 24 09:25:41 2019 為java程序的啟動時間
4-00:16:55 為java程序的執行時長，天-小時-分鐘-秒
[root@localhost ~]# ps -ef|grep -v grep|grep -w java|awk '{print $2}'
1973
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# ps -eo pid,lstart,etime | grep 1973
1973 Mon Jun 24 09:25:41 2019 4-00:16:55
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# date
Fri Jun 28 09:42:48 CST 2019
檢視所有程序的啟動事件、執行時長
# ps -eo user,pid,lstart,etime,cmd
檢視nginx程序啟動的精確時間和啟動後執行的時長
# ps -eo pid,lstart,etime,cmd|grep nginx
[root@nginx-proxy-client ~]# ps -eo pid,lstart,etime,cmd|grep nginx 1418 Mon Jun 24 13:38:18 2019 3-20:21:05 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx 1419 Mon Jun 24 13:38:18 2019 3-20:21:05 nginx: worker process 5543 Fri Jun 28 09:59:23 2019 00:00 grep --color=auto nginx [root@nginx-proxy-client ~]# [root@nginx-proxy-client ~]# date 2019年 06月 28日 星期五 09:59:45 CST [root@nginx-proxy-client ~]#
五、檢視網路情況
# ifconfig
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig
eno16777736: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.2.80 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.2.255
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe4c:ff47 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:4c:ff:47 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 7866 bytes 632606 (617.7 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 215 bytes 31932 (31.1 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 0 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 8 bytes 400 (400.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 8 bytes 400 (400.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
# ip a
[root@localhost ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eno16777736: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:4c:ff:47 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.2.80/24 brd 192.168.2.255 scope global eno16777736
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe4c:ff47/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
四、檢視磁碟以及分割槽情況
# df -Th
檢視分割槽、掛載情況
[root@localhost ~]# df -Th Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/centos-root xfs 15G 2.8G 13G 19% / devtmpfs devtmpfs 903M 0 903M 0% /dev tmpfs tmpfs 913M 0 913M 0% /dev/shm tmpfs tmpfs 913M 8.6M 904M 1% /run tmpfs tmpfs 913M 0 913M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sda1 xfs 297M 115M 183M 39% /boot tmpfs tmpfs 183M 0 183M 0% /run/user/0
# lsblk
檢視磁碟情況
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 300M 0 part /boot └─sda2 8:2 0 19G 0 part ├─centos-root 253:0 0 15G 0 lvm / └─centos-swap 253:1 0 4G 0 lvm [SWAP] sr0 11:0 1 4G 0 rom
# fdisk -l
檢視詳細的硬碟分割槽情況
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk label type: dos Disk identifier: 0x0004a0a8 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 616447 307200 83 Linux /dev/sda2 616448 40478719 19931136 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 16.1 GB, 16106127360 bytes, 31457280 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes, 8388608 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
end