（1）filter：過濾函式，根據函式過濾列表

方法一：輸出：[1, 3, 5, 3, 7]

def fun(n):
    return n < 10


li = [21, 34, 1, 3, 34, 5, 3, 7, 10]
res = filter(fun, li)
print(list(res))

方法二：輸出：[1, 3, 5, 3, 7]

li = [21, 34, 1, 3, 34, 5, 3, 7, 10]
res = filter(lambda x:x<10, li)
print(list(res))

方法三：輸出：[1, 3, 5, 3, 7]

from functools import partial

def fun(n):
    return n < 10


li = [21, 34, 1, 3, 34, 5, 3, 7, 10]

filter2 = partial(filter, fun)
print(list(filter2(li)))

（2）map：根據函式，挨個計算列表元素

方法一：[42, 68, 2, 6, 68, 10, 6, 14, 20]

def fun1(n):
    return n * 2


li = [21, 34, 1, 3, 34, 5, 3, 7, 10]
res = map(fun1, li)
print(list(res))

方法二：

li = [21, 34, 1, 3, 34, 5, 3, 7, 10]
res = map(lambda x:x*2, li)
print(list(res))

方法三：[42, 68, 2, 6, 68, 10, 6, 14, 20]

from functools import partial

filter2 = partial(map, fun1)
print(list(filter2(li)))

（3）zip：打包，將多個列表，大打包成分組元祖

res = zip([1, 2, 3], [6, 7, 8])
# print(list(res))   # 輸出：[(1, 6), (2, 7), (3, 8)]
print(dict(list(res)))  #輸出：{1: 6, 2: 7, 3: 8}

（4）lambda：匿名函式

print((lambda x: x * 3)(10))
print([(lambda x: x * 3)(i) for i in range(10)])
print(list(filter(lambda x: x < 5, [i for i in range(10)])))