Spring MVC的配置和使用
阿新 • • 發佈:2022-04-28
筆記倉庫:https://github.com/nnngu/LearningNotes
Spring MVC需要的jar包
文章中 Spring MVC 使用的版本是 3.2.18 , 需要的 jar 包如下:
spring-webmvc
jstl 1.1.2
aopalliance 1.0
commons-logging 1.1.1
spring-aop
spring-beans
spring-context
spring-core
spring-expression
spring-web
使用 Maven 構建的 Java 專案,需要在 pom.xml 中新增如下依賴:
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>3.2.18.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>jstl</groupId> <artifactId>jstl</artifactId> <version>1.1.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>aopalliance</groupId> <artifactId>aopalliance</artifactId> <version>1.0</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>commons-logging</groupId> <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId> <version>1.1.1</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId> <version>3.2.18.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId> <version>3.2.18.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>3.2.18.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId> <version>3.2.18.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId> <version>3.2.18.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId> <version>3.2.18.RELEASE</version> </dependency>
前期準備
1、在com.nnngu.entity
包下建立 User.java
程式碼如下:
package com.nnngu.entity; import java.io.Serializable; public class User implements Serializable { private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; private String name; private Integer age; private String pwd; public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public Integer getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(Integer age) { this.age = age; } public String getPwd() { return pwd; } public void setPwd(String pwd) { this.pwd = pwd; } }
2、在下圖所示的位置建立兩個 jsp 頁面
create.jsp
的程式碼如下:
<%-- Created by IntelliJ IDEA. User: lijiawei Date: 13/02/2018 Time: 14:08 To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates. --%> <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8" %> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>建立使用者</title> </head> <body> <form action="save" method="post"> <fieldset> <legend>建立使用者</legend> <p> <label>姓名:</label> <input type="text" id="name" name="name" tabindex="1"> </p> <p> <label>年齡:</label> <input type="text" id="age" name="age" tabindex="2"> </p> <p> <label>密碼:</label> <input type="text" id="pwd" name="pwd" tabindex="3"> </p> <p id="buttons"> <input id="reset" type="reset" tabindex="4" value="重置"> <input id="submit" type="submit" tabindex="5" value="建立"> </p> </fieldset> </form> </body> </html>
detail.jsp
的程式碼如下:
<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: lijiawei
Date: 13/02/2018
Time: 14:08
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>使用者詳情</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="gloobal">
<h4>建立成功</h4>
<p>
<h5>詳情:</h5>
姓名:${user.name}<br/>
年齡:${user.age}<br/>
密碼:${user.pwd}<br/>
</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>
配置Spring MVC
1、在 web.xml 檔案中進行如下配置:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
version="3.1">
<filter>
<description>字符集過濾器</description>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<description>字符集編碼</description>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>appServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:spring/springmvc-context.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>appServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
2、在下圖所示的位置建立 springmvc-context.xml
springmvc-context.xml
的程式碼如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans:beans xmlns:beans="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd ">
<!-- 對包中的所有類進行掃描,以完成Bean建立和自動依賴注入的功能 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.nnngu"/>
<!-- 啟動基於Spring MVC的註解功能,將控制器與方法對映加入到容器中 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
<!-- 這個類用於Spring MVC檢視解析 -->
<beans:bean id="viewResolver"
class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<beans:property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/"/>
<beans:property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</beans:bean>
</beans:beans>
3、編寫 Controller
在上圖所示的位置建立 UserController.java
,程式碼如下:
package com.nnngu;
import com.nnngu.entity.User;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ModelAttribute;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
/**
* 使用者管理
*/
@Controller
public class UserController {
@RequestMapping("")
public String Create(Model model) {
return "create";
}
@RequestMapping("/save")
public String Save(@ModelAttribute("form") User user, Model model) { // user:檢視層傳給控制層的表單物件; model:控制層返回給檢視層的物件
model.addAttribute("user", user);
return "detail";
}
}
測試
啟動專案,在瀏覽器輸入 localhost:8080
測試成功。