SpringMVC框架（一）
阿新 • • 發佈：2022-04-29
SpringMVC最核心：DispatcherServlet
SpringMVC環境搭建：
結構：
過程：
1.導包
2.宣告SpringMVC核心Servlet：org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
宣告Spring配置檔案的路徑：
1.可以自己宣告
2.預設值：/WEB-INF/springDispatcherServlet-servlet.xml
3.新建Spring配置檔案
（註解方式）
1.掃描器：<context:component-scan base-package="com.maya"></context:component-scan>
2.配置檢視解析器，設定字首字尾
3.開啟SpringMVC註解驅動：<mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>
4.編寫控制器類，宣告方法
5.執行頁面
程式碼：
web.xml：
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 2 <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0"> 3 <display-name>test_easyui2</display-name> 4 5 <!-- The front controller of this Spring Web application, responsible for handling all application requests --> 6 <servlet> 7 <servlet-name>springDispatcherServlet</servlet-name> 8 <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> 9 <!-- 初始化引數，如果不寫有預設值，/WEB-INF/springDispatcherServlet-servlet.xml --> 10 <init-param> 11 <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> 12 <param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value> 13 </init-param> 14 <!-- 值大於0時，啟動伺服器時載入，數字越小，優先順序越高 --> 15 <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> 16 </servlet> 17 18 <!-- Map all requests to the DispatcherServlet for handling --> 19 <servlet-mapping> 20 <servlet-name>springDispatcherServlet</servlet-name> 21 <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> 22 </servlet-mapping> 23 </web-app>
spring-mvc.xml：
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 2 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 3 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 4 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 5 xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" 6 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.3.xsd 7 http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd 8 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd"> 9 10 <!-- <bean id="/helloworld" class="com.maya.controller.HelloWorldController"></bean> 11 12 spring2.5之前的配置方式 13 將SpringBean的名字作為對映路徑的請求 14 <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"></bean> 15 處理介面卡，將請求對映給conntroller類 16 <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"></bean> 17 檢視解析器 18 <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"></bean> 19 --> 20 21 <!-- 註解方式 --> 22 <!-- 掃描器 --> 23 <context:component-scan base-package="com.maya"></context:component-scan> 24 <!-- 檢視解析器 --> 25 <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> 26 <property name="prefix" value="/page/"></property> 27 <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property> 28 </bean> 29 <!-- 開啟springmvc註解驅動 --> 30 <mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven> 31 32 </beans>
兩種處理方式類：
1 package com.maya.controller;
2
3 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
4 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
5
6 import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
7 import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;
8
9 //只能處理單一請求
10 public class HelloWorldController implements Controller {
11
12 @Override
13 public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
14 ModelAndView mav=new ModelAndView();
15 mav.setViewName("page/success.jsp");
16
17 mav.addObject("message","測試，屬性message");
18 //以上方法等同於request.setAttribute(arg0, arg1);
19 return mav;
20 }
21
22 }註解方式：
1 package com.maya.controller;
2
3 import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
4 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
5 import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
6
7 @Controller
8 public class TestController {
9
10 @RequestMapping("/testHelloWorld")
11 public ModelAndView testHelloWorld(){
12 ModelAndView mav=new ModelAndView();
13 mav.addObject("msg", "測試屬性msg");
14 mav.setViewName("success");
15 return mav;
16 }
17 }jsp頁面：
1 <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
2 pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
3 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
4 <html>
5 <head>
6 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
7 <title>Insert title here</title>
8 </head>
9 <body>
10 <div>
11 <span>spring 2.5 之前</span>
12 <a href="helloworld">傳送門</a>
13 </div>
14 <div>
15 <span>基於註解</span>
16 <a href="testHelloWorld">傳送門2</a>
17 </div>
18 </body>
19 </html> 1 <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
2 pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
3 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
4 <html>
5 <head>
6 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
7 <title>Insert title here</title>
8 </head>
9 <body>
10 <h1>成功！！！</h1>
11 ${message }
12 ${msg }
13 </body>
14 </html>常用註解：
@Controller 宣告控制器類
@RequestMapping 宣告對映的請求
@RequestParam 引數繫結
@PathVariable 繫結路徑引數
@ResponseBody 將方法的返回值直接返回
@SessionAttribute 將指定的物件放到session
@ModelAttribute