節選自《Netkiller Database 手札》

60.2. 文件API

60.2.1. 快速上手

文件通過 _index、_type、_id 元資料(metadata)，確定 URL 唯一

			GET /<_index>/<_type>/<_id>		

# curl -XPUT 'http://localhost:9200/website/profile/1' -d '{
	"name" : "neo",
	"nickname" : "netkiller",
	"age" : "35",
	"message" : "Helloworld !!!"
}'

# curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/website/profile/1?pretty'
{
  "_index" : "website",
  "_type" : "profile",
  "_id" : "1",
  "_version" : 1,
  "found" : true,
  "_source" : {
    "name" : "neo",
    "nickname" : "netkiller",
    "age" : "35",
    "message" : "Helloworld !!!"
  }
}

# curl -XPUT 'http://localhost:9200/website/blog/1?pretty' -d '{
>   "title": "My first blog entry",
>   "text":  "Just trying this out...",
>   "date":  "2014/01/01"
> }'
{
  "_index" : "website",
  "_type" : "blog",
  "_id" : "1",
  "_version" : 1,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 2,
    "successful" : 1,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "created" : true
}			
 

後面會詳細講解 PUT與GET的使用方法以及相關引數

60.2.2. 寫入 PUT/POST

通過 PUT 寫入資料

[root@localhost ~]# curl -XPUT 'http://localhost:9200/twitter/tweet/1' -d '{
>     "user" : "kimchy",
>     "post_date" : "2009-11-15T14:12:12",
>     "message" : "trying out Elasticsearch"
> }'
{"_index":"twitter","_type":"tweet","_id":"1","_version":1,"_shards":{"total":2,"successful":1,"failed":0},"created":true}			
 

使用 UUID 替代 _id, 注意使用UUID 必須使用 POST方式提交，不能使用 PUT。

curl -XPOST 'http://localhost:9200/website/news/?pretty' -d '{
  "title": "My first news entry",
  "text":  "Just trying this out..."
}'
{
  "_index" : "website",
  "_type" : "news1",
  "_id" : "AVY0RJrvJRTrBLpmYzBH",
  "_version" : 1,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 2,
    "successful" : 1,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "created" : true
}

curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/website/news/AVY0RJrvJRTrBLpmYzBH?pretty'			
 

提交後會輸出 "_id" : "AVY0RJrvJRTrBLpmYzBH"，查詢時將此放到放到URL中即可。

60.2.3. 獲取 GET

通過 GET 讀取資料

[root@localhost ~]# curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/twitter/tweet/1'
{"_index":"twitter","_type":"tweet","_id":"1","_version":1,"found":true,"_source":{
    "user" : "kimchy",
    "post_date" : "2009-11-15T14:12:12",
    "message" : "trying out Elasticsearch"
}}			

60.2.3.1. _source

只返回 _source 資料，去掉元資料

# curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/website/news1/AVY0Q4SqdtH0Up0t-WB2/_source?pretty'
{
  "title" : "My first news entry",
  "text" : "Just trying this out..."
}				

選擇欄位 _source=title，超過一個欄位使用逗號分隔_source=title,text。

				# curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/website/news1/AVY0Q4SqdtH0Up0t-WB2?_source=title&pretty'
{
  "_index" : "website",
  "_type" : "news1",
  "_id" : "AVY0Q4SqdtH0Up0t-WB2",
  "_version" : 1,
  "found" : true,
  "_source" : {
    "title" : "My first news entry"
  }
}

# curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/website/news1/AVY0Q4SqdtH0Up0t-WB2?_source=title,text&pretty'
{
  "_index" : "website",
  "_type" : "news1",
  "_id" : "AVY0Q4SqdtH0Up0t-WB2",
  "_version" : 1,
  "found" : true,
  "_source" : {
    "text" : "Just trying this out...",
    "title" : "My first news entry"
  }
}				

60.2.4. 檢查記錄是否存在

[root@localhost elasticsearch]# curl -i -XHEAD http://localhost:9200/website/blog/1
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Length: 0

[root@localhost elasticsearch]# curl -i -XHEAD http://localhost:9200/website/blog/100
HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Length: 0			

HTTP/1.1 200 OK 表示已經找到你要的資料

HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found 表示資料不存在

60.2.5. 引數

60.2.5.1. pretty 格式化 json

# curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/twitter/tweet/1?pretty'
{
  "_index" : "twitter",
  "_type" : "tweet",
  "_id" : "1",
  "_version" : 1,
  "found" : true,
  "_source" : {
    "user" : "kimchy",
    "post_date" : "2009-11-15T14:12:12",
    "message" : "trying out Elasticsearch"
  }
}			

60.3. 搜尋

搜尋所有內容

# curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/_search?pretty'	
# curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/_all/_search?pretty'			

指定 _index 搜尋

# curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/website/_search?pretty'
# curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/website/news/_search?pretty'		

指定 _type 搜尋

# curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/website,twitter/_search?pretty'
# curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/website/news,blog/_search?pretty'
# curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/website,twitter/news,blog/_search?pretty'		

所有 _index 包含指定 _type 搜尋

# curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/_all/news,blog/_search?pretty'		

60.3.1. 分頁

該功能與SQL的LIMIT關鍵字結果一樣，Elasticsearch接受size和from兩個引數引數：

size: 返回結果集數量，預設10，用法與SQL中的 Limit相同

from: 偏移量，預設0，用法與 SQL中的 Offset相同

如果你想每頁顯示10個結果，那麼請求如下：

			第一頁 GET /_search?size=10
第二頁 GET /_search?size=10&from=10
第三頁 GET /_search?size=10&from=20			

60.3.2. 字串搜尋

			# curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/_all/_search?q=neo&pretty'						

同時滿足兩個條件

+name:neo +age:30			

查詢name為mary 或者 john的資料

+name:(mary john)			

查詢姓名是neo或者jam並且年齡小於30歲同時1980-09-10之後出生的

			+name:(neo jam) +age:<30 +date:>1980-09-10