關於Oracle和MySQL中的無密碼登入 (r5筆記第39天)
無密碼登入在一定程度上能夠簡化流程，對於密碼敏感，但是又需要提供訪問許可權的情況下是一個不錯的選擇。尤其是在乙方在做一些操作的時候，要密碼和給密碼是一個糾結的問題。不給沒法工作，給了又對資訊保安又影響。
在Oracle和MySQL中都有相應的解決方案，大道至簡，這個功能的目的都是類似的。
在Oracle中可以通過設定wallet來實現，在10g版本開始支援。而在MySQL中自5.6版本開始可以使用--login-path來實現。
先來看看Oracle中的wallet實現無密碼登入，可以通過mkstore來配置，我們可以使用--help得到命令使用的幫助。
[ora11g@oel1 admin]$ mkstore --help
Oracle Secret Store Tool : Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Copyright (c) 2004, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
No wallet location specified.
mkstore [-wrl wrl] [-create] [-createSSO] [-createLSSO] [-createALO] [-delete] [-deleteSSO] [-list] [-createEntry alias secret] [-viewEntry alias] [-modifyEntry alias secret] [-deleteEntry alias] [-createCredential connect_string username password] [-listCredential] [-modifyCredential connect_string username password] [-deleteCredential connect_string] [-help] [-nologo]
$ mkstore -wrl /u02/ora11g/wallet -create
Oracle Secret Store Tool : Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Copyright (c) 2004, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Enter password:
Enter password again:
生成錢包後，會在指定的路徑下生成兩個檔案。
$ ll
total 8
-rw------- 1 ora11g dba 3589 May 17 21:37 cwallet.sso
-rw------- 1 ora11g dba 3512 May 17 21:37 ewallet.p12$tnsping test11g
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oel1.oracle.com)(PORT = 1511))) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = TEST11G)))
OK (0 msec)
配置完成之後，我們需要在登入之前在sqlnet.ora中配置錢包的路徑。sqlnet.ora中需要配置的內容如下：
$ cat sqlnet.ora
WALLET_LOCATION =
(SOURCE =
(METHOD = FILE)
(METHOD_DATA =
(DIRECTORY = /u02/ora11g/wallet)
)
)
SQLNET.WALLET_OVERRIDE=true$ mkstore -wrl /u02/ora11g/wallet -createCredential test11g n1 n1
Oracle Secret Store Tool : Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Copyright (c) 2004, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Enter wallet password: l 1
Create credential oracle.security.client.connect_string1
配置完成之後工作就完成了，我們可以簡單驗證一下。
$ sqlplus /@test11g
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Sun May 17 21:45:59 2015
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
n1@TEST11G>
而如果使用MySQL來實現，則需要通過mysql_config_editor來配置。
mysql_config_editor的命令提示如下，可以看出可使用的選項還是相對比較簡單的。
[mysql@oel1 ~]$ mysql_config_editor set --help
mysql_config_editor Ver 1.0 Distrib 5.6.23, for linux-glibc2.5 on i686
Copyright (c) 2012, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
MySQL Configuration Utility.
Description: Write a login path to the login file.
Usage: mysql_config_editor [program options] [set [command options]]
-?, --help Display this help and exit.
-h, --host=name Host name to be entered into the login file.
-G, --login-path=name
Name of the login path to use in the login file. (Default
: client)
-p, --password Prompt for password to be entered into the login file.
-u, --user=name User name to be entered into the login file.
-S, --socket=name Socket path to be entered into login file.
-P, --port=name Port number to be entered into login file.
-w, --warn Warn and ask for confirmation if set command attempts to
overwrite an existing login path (enabled by default).
(Defaults to on; use --skip-warn to disable.)
我們直接可以通過一個命令來完成配置，制定這個無密碼登入的別名為fastlogin
[mysql@oel1 ~]$ mysql_config_editor set --login-path=fastlogin --user=root --host=localhost --password --socket=/u02/mysql/mysqld_mst.sock
Enter password:
配置完成之後，會在當前路徑下生成一個隱藏檔案.mylogin.cnf
[mysql@oel1 ~]$ ll -la .mylogin*
-rw------- 1 mysql dba 480 May 17 22:10 .mylogin.cnf
[mysql@oel1 ~]$
大功告成，這個時候直接登入即可。
[mysql@oel1 ~]$ mysql --login-path=fastlogin
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.6.23-enterprise-commercial-advanced-log MySQL Enterprise Server - Advanced Edition (Commercial)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.
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