1. 程式人生 > 其它 >第一個springmvc專案HelloSpringMVC

第一個springmvc專案HelloSpringMVC

一、配置方式
1、建立一個父專案,新建一個Module,如springmvc-03,完成後選擇已建立的module右擊選Add Framwork Support新增web支援

2、確定匯入了SpringMVC依賴(在pom.xml檔案中新增springmvc和servlet依賴)

說明:若父專案中添加了這些依賴,子專案繼承父專案可以不用在自己的pom檔案中再次新增

<dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>5.2.12.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
            <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>jstl</groupId>
            <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
            <version>1.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.5</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

3、配置web.xml,註冊DispatcherServlet

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
<!--    配置DispatcherServlet:這個是springmvc的核心;請求分發器,前端控制器-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
<!--        啟動級別: 跟伺服器一起啟動 -->
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
<!--    springmvc中/ 與/*是不同的
                  /:匹配除jsp之外的所有請求
                  /*:包括jsp在內的所有請求-->
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

4.在resoueces編寫SpringMVC 的 配置檔案!如名稱:springmvc-servlet.xml 需同web.xml中配置的中classpath值相同

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
          http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    <!--配置處理器對映器-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"/>
    <!--配置處理器介面卡-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"/>
    <!--配置檢視解析器:DispatcherServlet給他的ModelAndView-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <!--字首-->
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
        <!--字尾-->
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>

    <bean id="/hello" class="com.zhou.controller.HelloController"/>
</beans>

5.寫Contoroller,使用ModelAndView封裝資料和檢視物件

public class HelloController implements Controller {
    @Override
    public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) throws Exception {
        ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
        //業務程式碼
        String result="HelloSpringMVC";
        mv.addObject("msg",result);


        //檢視跳轉
        mv.setViewName("test");


        return mv;
    }
}

6.將Controller交給SpringIOC容器管理(在springmvc-servlet.xml中註冊Bean)

<bean id="/hello" class="com.zhou.controller.HelloController"/>

7、編寫前端檢視頁面

<%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: mm
  Date: 2022/5/7
  Time: 10:58
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
${msg}
</body>
</html>

8、釋出專案,啟動Tomcat後,在瀏覽器輸入localhost:8080/hello訪問頁面

二、註解方式(推薦)

1、建立一個新的空的maven專案(父專案),新建一個module,如springmvc-02-annotation

2、新增web支援(同方案一),右擊新建module,點選 Add Framwork Support新增web支援

3、在pom.xml中匯入springmvc和servlet依賴

<!--1.註冊DispatcherServlet-->
<servlet>
    <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <!--關聯一個springmvc的配置檔案:【servlet-name】-servlet.xml-->
    <init-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <!--啟動級別-1-->
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<!--/ 匹配所有的請求;(不包括.jsp)-->
<!--/* 匹配所有的請求;(包括.jsp)-->
<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

4、在resoueces編寫SpringMVC 的 配置檔案!如名稱:springmvc-servlet.xml 需同web.xml中配置的中classpath值相同

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<!--    自動掃描包,讓指定包下的註解生效 ,由IOC容器統一管理-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.zhou.controller"/>
<!--    讓springmvc不處理靜態資源-->
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
<!--    支援MVC註解驅動-->
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>
    <!--配置檢視解析器:DispatcherServlet給他的ModelAndView-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <!--字首-->
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
        <!--字尾-->
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

5、寫controller,使用ModelAndView封裝資料模型和物件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<!--    自動掃描包,讓指定包下的註解生效 ,由IOC容器統一管理-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.zhou.controller"/>
<!--    讓springmvc不處理靜態資源-->
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
<!--    支援MVC註解驅動-->
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>
    <!--配置檢視解析器:DispatcherServlet給他的ModelAndView-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <!--字首-->
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
        <!--字尾-->
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

6、編寫前端檢視頁面

<%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: 周志飛
  Date: 2022/5/7
  Time: 16:57
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
${msg}

</body>
</html>

7、釋出專案,啟動Tomcat後,在瀏覽器輸入localhost:8080/hello訪問頁面