MySQL資料庫主從複製、讀寫分離和備份
阿新 • • 發佈：2022-05-24
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通過編譯、二進位制安裝MySQL5.7
1、安裝相應工具包 yum -y install libaio numactl-libs wget 2、準備啟動使用者 groupadd mysql useradd -r -M -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql # -r建立系統使用者，-M不建立使用者家目錄 -s指定使用者不可登入 3、下載MySQL原始碼包解壓並修改許可權 wget http://mirrors.163.com/mysql/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz tar xf mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local cd /usr/local/ ln -s mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ mysql chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/ 4、準備環境變數 echo 'PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh . /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh 5、準備配置檔案 cp /etc/my.cnf{,.bak} vim /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] datadir=/data/mysql skip_name_resolve=1 socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock log-error=/data/mysql/mysql.log pid-file=/data/mysql/mysql.pid [client] socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock 6、初始化MySQL並設定root賬號密碼為空 mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql 7、準備服務指令碼並啟動MySQL cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld chkconfig --add mysqld service mysqld start 8、設定root賬號密碼 mysqladmin -uroot password magedu 9、測試登入 mysql -uroot -pmagedu -
二進位制安裝mariadb10.4
1、下載二進位制包並新增啟動賬號 wget https://mirrors.bkns.vn/mariadb//mariadb-10.4.25/bintar-linux-systemd-x86_64/mariadb-10.4.25-linux-systemd-x86_64.tar.gz groupadd mysql useradd -r -M -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql # -r建立系統使用者，-M不建立使用者家目錄 -s指定使用者不可登入 2、安裝mariadb-server tar -xf mariadb-10.4.25-linux-systemd-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local cd /usr/local ln -s mariadb-10.4.25-linux-systemd-x86_64 mysql cd mysql ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/var/lib/mysql #指定資料存放目錄，此處使用/etc/my.cnf中的預設配置 chown -R mysql.mysql . 3、啟動mysql並配置環境變數 export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin/ #臨時生效，永久生效配置參考MySQL5.7的安裝步驟 4、準備服務開機自啟檔案 cp support-files/systemd/mariadb.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service systemctl daemon-reload 7、啟動mariadb-server systemctl start mariadb.service 8、設定開機自啟 systemctl enable mariadb.service 9、連線mysql測試 [root@localhost mysql]# mysql #直接輸入mysql報錯，此處是因為二進位制安裝的mariadb的客戶端命令mysql將/tmp/mysql.sock 作為預設路徑，而當前/etc/my.cnf配置的路徑為/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/tmp/mysql.sock' (2) 手動指定sock檔案路徑即可登入成功（sock檔案的作用讀者可自行查閱相關資料） [root@localhost mysql]# mysql --sock=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock Info: Using unique option prefix 'sock' is error-prone and can break in the future. Please use the full name 'socket' instead. Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 9 Server version: 10.4.25-MariaDB MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]> -
匯入hellodb.sql生成資料庫
(1) 在students表中，查詢年齡大於25歲，且為男性的同學的名字和年齡MariaDB [hellodb]> desc students; --查看錶結構 +-----------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +-----------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | StuID | int(10) unsigned | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment | | Name | varchar(50) | NO | | NULL | | | Age | tinyint(3) unsigned | NO | | NULL | | | Gender | enum('F','M') | NO | | NULL | | | ClassID | tinyint(3) unsigned | YES | | NULL | | | TeacherID | int(10) unsigned | YES | | NULL | | +-----------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [hellodb]> select name,age from students where age >25 and gender='M'; +--------------+-----+ | name | age | +--------------+-----+ | Xie Yanke | 53 | | Ding Dian | 32 | | Yu Yutong | 26 | | Shi Qing | 46 | | Tian Boguang | 33 | | Xu Xian | 27 | | Sun Dasheng | 100 | +--------------+-----+ 7 rows in set (0.00 sec)(2) 以ClassID為分組依據，顯示每組的平均年齡
MariaDB [hellodb]> select classid,avg(age) from students group by classid; +---------+----------+ | classid | avg(age) | +---------+----------+ | NULL | 63.5000 | | 1 | 20.5000 | | 2 | 36.0000 | | 3 | 20.2500 | | 4 | 24.7500 | | 5 | 46.0000 | | 6 | 20.7500 | | 7 | 19.6667 | +---------+----------+ 8 rows in set (0.00 sec)(3) 顯示第2題中平均年齡大於30的分組及平均年齡
MariaDB [hellodb]> select classid,avg(age) avg_age from students group by classid having avg_age > 30; +---------+---------+ | classid | avg_age | +---------+---------+ | NULL | 63.5000 | | 2 | 36.0000 | | 5 | 46.0000 | +---------+---------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)(4) 顯示以L開頭的名字的同學的資訊
MariaDB [hellodb]> select * from students where name like 'L%'; +-------+-------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+ | StuID | Name | Age | Gender | ClassID | TeacherID | +-------+-------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+ | 8 | Lin Daiyu | 17 | F | 7 | NULL | | 14 | Lu Wushuang | 17 | F | 3 | NULL | | 17 | Lin Chong | 25 | M | 4 | NULL | +-------+-------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) -
資料庫授權root使用者，允許172.16.16.0/24網段可以連線mysql（注意關閉防火牆）
檢視當前資料庫使用者，觀察到沒有授權遠端登陸賬號建立使用者root@'172.16.16.%' 並設定密碼後驗證登陸 -
主從複製及主主複製的實現（注意關閉防火牆）
主從複製系統：centos7.6 資料庫 5.5.68-MariaDB 主節點配置(172.16.16.128)： systemctl stop firewalld yum install -y mariadb-server #注意：centos7.6系統官方倉庫未提供mysql-server源，因此安裝mariadb作為代替 [root@master ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf [mysqld] server-id=8 log-bin [root@master ~]# mysql MariaDB [(none)]> show master logs; --檢視二進位制檔案位置 +--------------------+-----------+ | Log_name | File_size | +--------------------+-----------+ | mariadb-bin.000001 | 418 | | mariadb-bin.000002 | 688 | +--------------------+-----------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave on *.* to repluser@'172.16.16.%' identified by 'passwd'; --#新建賬號 repluser密碼passwd並授權 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) --如果是MySQL 8.0 建立賬號和授權需要分成下面兩步實現 mysql>create user 'repluser'@'172.16.16.%'; mysql>grant replication slave on *.* to 'repluser'@'172.16.16.%'; 從節點配置(172.16.16.28): systemctl stop firewalld [root@slave ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf [mysqld] server-id=18 log-bin systemctl start mariadb-server [root@slave ~]# mysql MariaDB [(none)]> change master to -> master_host='172.16.16.128', -> master_user='repluser', -> master_password='passwd', -> master_port=3306, -> master_log_file='mariadb-bin.000002', -> master_log_pos=245; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> start slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G; *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 172.16.16.128 Master_User: repluser Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mariadb-bin.000002 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 996 Relay_Log_File: mariadb-relay-bin.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 839 Relay_Master_Log_File: mariadb-bin.000002 Slave_IO_Running: Yes --I/O執行緒正常執行 Slave_SQL_Running: Yes --sql執行緒正常執行 Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 996 Relay_Log_Space: 1135 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 --主從複製延遲為0 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 0 Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 8 1 row in set (0.00 sec) -
xtrabackup實現全量+增量+binlog恢復庫
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MyCAT實現MySQL讀寫分離