一、Cobbler

1.pex的二次封裝，由Python開發，提供CLI和Web管理，cobbler在epel源中，安裝時需要配置epel源。

2.工作原理：

client裸機配置了從網路啟動後，開機後會廣播包請求DHCP伺服器（cobbler server）傳送其分配
好的一個IP
DHCP伺服器（cobbler server）收到請求後傳送responese，包括其ip地址
client裸機拿到ip後再向cobbler server傳送請求OS引導檔案的請求
cobbler server告訴裸機OS引導檔案的名字和TFTP server的ip和port
client裸機通過上面告知的TFTP server地址通訊，下載引導檔案
client裸機執行執行該引導檔案，確定載入資訊，選擇要安裝的os，期間會再向cobbler server請求
kickstart檔案和os image
cobbler server傳送請求的kickstart和os iamge
client裸機載入kickstart檔案
client裸機接收os image，安裝該os image

3.配置檔案：

/etc/cobbler/settings  #cobbler 主配置檔案
/etc/cobbler/iso/  #iso模板配置檔案
/etc/cobbler/pxe   #pxe模板檔案
/etc/cobbler/power  #電源配置檔案
/etc/cobbler/user.conf   #web服務授權配置檔案
/etc/cobbler/users.digest  #web訪問的使用者名稱密碼配置檔案
/etc/cobbler/dhcp.template #dhcp伺服器的的配置模板
/etc/cobbler/dnsmasq.template #dns伺服器的配置模板
/etc/cobbler/tftpd.template  #tftp服務的配置模板
/etc/cobbler/modules.conf #cobbler模組的配置檔案

4.資料目錄：

/var/lib/cobbler/config/     #用於存放distros，system，profiles 等資訊的配置檔案
/var/lib/cobbler/triggers/   #用於存放使用者定義的cobbler命令
/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/  # 預設存放kickstart檔案
/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/     #存放各種載入程式

5.映象目錄

/var/log/cobbler/installing  #客戶端安裝日誌
/var/log/cobbler/cobbler.log #cobbler日誌

6.cobbler常用命令

cobbler check 核對當前設定是否有問題

cobbler list 列出所有的cobbler元素

cobbler report 列出元素的詳細資訊

cobbler sync 同步配置到資料目錄,更改配置最好都要執行下

cobbler reposync 同步yum倉庫

cobbler distro 檢視匯入的發行版系統資訊

cobbler system 檢視新增的系統資訊

cobbler profile 檢視配置資訊

cobbler profile report --name=xxxx 檢視ks檔案的詳細資訊

範例：centos7基於cobbler實現系統的自動化安裝

安裝cobbler包和dhcp包

[root@centos7 ~]#yum -y install dhcp cobbler

因為cobbler包對httpd和tftp有依賴關係，所以順帶裝了

啟用httpd，tftp，dhcpd，cobblerd服務

[root@centos7 ~]# systemctl enable --now cobblerd dhcpd httpd tftp

dhcp暫時起不來，我們需要進行配置

執行cobbler check命令

[root@centos7 ~]# cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:

1 : The 'server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than localhost, or kickstarting features will not work.  This should be a resolvable hostname or IP for the boot server as reachable by all machines that will use it.
2 : For PXE to be functional, the 'next_server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than 127.0.0.1, and should match the IP of the boot server on the PXE network.
3 : SELinux is enabled. Please review the following wiki page for details on ensuring cobbler works correctly in your SELinux environment:
    https://github.com/cobbler/cobbler/wiki/Selinux
4 : change 'disable' to 'no' in /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
5 : Some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders.  If you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely.  Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot.
6 : enable and start rsyncd.service with systemctl
7 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
8 : The default password used by the sample templates for newly installed machines (default_password_crypted in /etc/cobbler/settings) is still set to 'cobbler' and should be changed, try: "openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' 'your-password-here'" to generate new one
9 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them

Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.

找到server：/etc/cobbler/settings，並修改配置

[root@centos7 ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings

自己生成一個密碼，並修改其檔案將原密碼替換

[root@centos7 ~]# openssl passwd -1 123456
$1$ggsV53Cw$XE2391b9SWl64gT1BNxO5.

 重啟cobbler服務

[root@centos7 ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd

執行cobbler get-loaders命令下載相關檔案

[root@centos7 ~]# cobbler get-loaders

如果該命令失效，則需要複製兩個檔案

[root@centos7 ~]# cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
[root@centos7 ~]# cp /usr/share/syslinux/menu.c32 /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/

再執行cobbler sync

[root@centos7 ~]# cobbler sync

修改/etc/cobbler/settings

修改dhcp模板配置檔案/etc/cobbler/dhcp.template

[root@centos7 ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template 

 重啟cobbler服務，並同步到真正的dhcp的配置檔案/etc/dhcp/dhcp.conf

[root@centos7 ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd

[root@centos7 ~]# cobbler sync

檢視dhcpd服務

[root@centos7 ~]# systemctl status dhcpd

 現在選單已經生成了，但是裡面什麼都沒有

[root@centos7 ~]# tree /var/lib/tftpboot/
[root@centos7 ~]# cat /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default 

 徹底修改選單名

[root@centos7 ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/pxe/pxedefault.template

 執行cobbler sync同步

[root@centos7 ~]# cobbler sync

 將centos7光碟匯入

[root@centos7 test1]# cobbler import --name=centos-7-x86_64 --path=/mnt/test1 -- arch=x86_64

實際是將centos7安裝檔案拷到/var/www/cobbler中

在這個機器上再增加一個8的光碟，將其掛載，然後也將其匯入

先掃描出新光碟

[root@centos7 test1]# echo '- - -'  > /sys/class/scsi_host/host0/scan;echo '- - -'  > /sys/class/scsi_host/host1/scan;echo '- - -'  > /sys/class/scsi_host/host2/scan

將其掛載

[root@centos7 test1]# mkdir /mnt/test2
[root@centos7 test1]# mount /dev/sr1 /mnt/test2
mount: /dev/sr1 is write-protected, mounting read-only

將centos8光碟匯入

[root@centos7 test1]# cobbler import --name=centos-8-x86_64 --path=/mnt/test2 -- arch=x86_64

我的是8.5的有bug不能直接導，需要修改配置檔案

[root@centos7 ~]#vim /var/lib/cobbler/distro_signatures.json

#修改第70行新增centos-linux

 重新啟動cobbler服務並同步

[root@centos7 ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd

[root@centos7 ~]# cobbler sync

再次匯入

[root@centos7 ~]# cobbler import --name=centos-8-x86_64 --path=/mnt/test2 -- arch=x86_64

 將centos7、8的應答檔案備好並修改

[root@centos8 ks]# vim centos7.cfg 

[root@centos8 ks]# vim centos8.cfg 

 正常情況下我們現在就有兩個選單了

[root@centos7 ~]# cobbler distro list
   centos-7-x86_64
   centos-8-x86_64

將應答檔案關聯，並加至選單

[root@centos7 ~]# cp centos* /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/

[root@centos7 ~]# cobbler profile add --name=CentOS-8_mini --distro=CentOS-8-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos8.cfg
[root@centos7 ~]# cobbler profile add --name=CentOS-7_mini --distro=CentOS-7-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos7.cfg

現在我們有四個選單

[root@centos7 ~]# cat /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default 

將系統兩個選單刪掉

[root@centos7 ~]# cobbler profile remove --name=centos-8-x86_64
[root@centos7 ~]# cobbler profile remove --name=centos-7-x86_64
[root@centos7 ~]# cobbler profile list
   CentOS-7_mini
   CentOS-8_mini

大功告成！

 擴充套件：cobbler實現web功能

安裝cobbler-web包

[root@centos7 ~]# yum -y install cobbler-web

重啟httpd服務

[root@centos7 ~]# systemctl status httpd

修改cobbler使用者名稱和密碼

建立一個給Cobbler服務用的賬號

[root@centos7 ~]# htdigest -c /etc/cobbler/users.digest Cobbler weilan

這裡的-c表示重新建立，如果想加一個賬號就把-c去了

檢視存放賬號密碼的檔案

[root@centos7 ~]# cat /etc/cobbler/users.digest

 拿新賬號登入