手寫RPC框架實現
手寫RPC框架實現
參考視訊:自己動手實現RPC框架
1、什麼是RPC?
- RPC, 英文全名remote procedure call 即遠端過程掉呼叫
- 就是說一個應用部署在A伺服器上,想要呼叫B伺服器上應用提供的方法
- 由於不在一個記憶體空間,不能直接呼叫,需要通過網路來表達呼叫的語義和傳達呼叫的資料
- RPC就是要像呼叫本地的函式一樣去呼叫遠端函式
2、RPC架構
服務提供者(RPC Server): 執行在伺服器端,提供服務介面定義與服務實現類。
註冊中心(Registry): 執行在伺服器端,負責將本地服務釋出成遠端服務,管理遠端服務,提供給服務消費者使用。
服務消費者(RPC Client): 執行在客戶端,通過遠端代理物件呼叫遠端服務。
3、動手實現RPC框架
實現RPC框架主要分成6個模組實現,分別是序列化模組、server模組、client模組、網路傳輸模組、協議模組、通用模組。
3.1 通用模組實現
通用模組主要提供各個模組公用的一個反射工具類,用來根據Class物件建立類的例項物件、獲得類的公共方法以及呼叫指定物件的指定方法。
ReflectionUtils.java
import java.lang.invoke.MethodHandle; import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException; import java.lang.reflect.Method; import java.lang.reflect.Modifier; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.List; /** * @author Wenbo * @version 1.0 * @program * @description 反射工具類,用於建立例項和呼叫方法實現。 * @date 2022/5/15 15:52 */ public class ReflectionUtils { /** * 根據clazz建立物件 * @param clazz 帶建立物件的類 * @param <T> 物件型別 * @return 建立好物件 */ public static <T> T newInstance(Class<T> clazz){ try{ return clazz.newInstance(); }catch (Exception e){ throw new IllegalStateException(); } } /** * 獲取某個類clazz的公有方法 * @param clazz * @return 當前類宣告的公有方法 */ public static Method[] getPublicMethods(Class clazz){ Method[] methods = clazz.getDeclaredMethods(); List<Method> pmethods = new ArrayList<>(); for(Method m : methods){ if(Modifier.isPublic(m.getModifiers())){ pmethods.add(m); } } return pmethods.toArray(new Method[0]); } /** * * @param obj 被呼叫方法的物件 * @param method 被呼叫的方法 * @param args 方法的引數 * @return 返回結果 */ public static Object invoke(Object obj, Method method, Object... args) { try{ return method.invoke(obj, args); }catch (Exception e){ throw new IllegalStateException(); } } }
3.2 序列化模組實現
序列化模組主要就是當客戶端呼叫服務端的介面方法時,需要傳入呼叫的具體方法和引數,因此需要通過底層的網路協議(如HTTP、TCP),傳輸到服務端,所以需要將資料序列化後才能在網路中進行傳輸,服務端接收後需要對傳輸過來的資料進行反序列化拿到具體的值。序列化的方式有很多,如java原生序列化、json序列化、Protobuff序列化等。
JSONDecoder.java
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON; /** * @author Wenbo * @version 1.0 * @program * @description fastjson實現反序列化 * @date 2022/5/15 16:11 */ public class JSONDecoder implements Decoder{ @Override public <T> T decode(byte[] bytes, Class<T> clazz) { return JSON.parseObject(bytes, clazz); } }
JSONEecoder.java
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
/**
* @author Wenbo
* @version 1.0
* @program
* @description fastjson實現序列化
* @date 2022/5/15 16:11
*/
public class JSONEncoder implements Encoder{
@Override
public byte[] encode(Object obj) {
return JSON.toJSONBytes(obj);
}
}
3.3 協議模組
協議模組主要就是規定了客戶端傳輸的資料內容、服務端響應的內容、網路端點的資訊,客戶端傳輸的資料內容主要包括請求的資訊(一個實體類,其中包括服務名、呼叫的具體函式名、引數型別、返回型別、版本號)、呼叫引數值。服務端響應的內容主要包括相應編碼(成功或失敗)、服務端資訊以及呼叫的服務端函式返回的資料。網路端點的資訊就包括主機名和埠號。
Peer.java
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
/**
* @author Wenbo
* @version 1.0
* @program
* @description 表示網路傳輸的一個端點
* @date 2022/5/15 15:09
*/
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
public class Peer {
private String host;
private int port;
}
Request.java
import lombok.Data;
/**
* @author Wenbo
* @version 1.0
* @program
* @description 請求服務
* @date 2022/5/15 15:15
*/
@Data
public class Request {
private ServiceDescriptor serviceDescriptor; // 請求的資訊,其中包括服務名(介面名)、呼叫的具體函式名、引數型別、返回型別、版本號
private Object[] parameters;
}
Response.java
import lombok.Data;
/**
* @author Wenbo
* @version 1.0
* @program
* @description 表示RPC的返回
* @date 2022/5/15 15:15
*/
@Data
public class Response {
/**
* 服務返回編碼,0 成功,非0 失敗
*/
private int code = 0;
/**
* 具體的錯誤資訊
*/
private String message = "ok";
/**
* 返回的資料
*/
private Object data;
}
ServiceDescriptor.java
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.Arrays;
/**
* @author Wenbo
* @version 1.0
* @program
* @description 服務的描述,在服務端註冊服務和具體實現類的時候需要用到map,所以需要重寫hashcode 和 equals。 一個服務介面可以有多個不同版本的實現類。所以加入了version欄位。
* @date 2022/5/15 15:15
*/
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class ServiceDescriptor {
public String clazz; // 服務介面
private String method; // 方法名
private String returnType; // 返回型別
private String[] parameterTypes;// 引數型別
private String version;// 服務版本號
// 不帶版本號的介面描述
public static ServiceDescriptor from(Class clazz, Method method){
ServiceDescriptor sdp = new ServiceDescriptor();
sdp.setClazz(clazz.getName());
sdp.setMethod(method.getName());
sdp.setReturnType(method.getReturnType().getName());
Class[] parameterClasses = method.getParameterTypes();
String[] parameterTypes = new String[parameterClasses.length];
for (int i = 0; i < parameterClasses.length; i++) {
parameterTypes[i] = parameterClasses[i].getName();
}
sdp.setParameterTypes(parameterTypes);
return sdp;
}
// 帶版本號的介面描述
public static ServiceDescriptor from(Class clazz,String version, Method method){
ServiceDescriptor sdp = new ServiceDescriptor();
sdp.setClazz(clazz.getName());
sdp.setMethod(method.getName());
sdp.setReturnType(method.getReturnType().getName());
sdp.setVersion(version);
Class[] parameterClasses = method.getParameterTypes();
String[] parameterTypes = new String[parameterClasses.length];
for (int i = 0; i < parameterClasses.length; i++) {
parameterTypes[i] = parameterClasses[i].getName();
}
sdp.setParameterTypes(parameterTypes);
return sdp;
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object o){
if (this == o) return true;
if(o == null || this.getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;
ServiceDescriptor that = (ServiceDescriptor) o;
return this.toString().equals(that.toString());
}
@Override
public int hashCode(){
return toString().hashCode();
}
public String toString(){
return "clazz=" + clazz + ", method" +method + ",returnType = " + returnType + ",parametersType=" + Arrays.toString(parameterTypes);
}
}
3.4 網路傳輸模組
網路傳輸模組主要就是指定主機之間採用什麼網路協議進行通訊,這裡採用的是HTTP傳輸協議,客戶端向服務端發起連線請求,並傳輸資料,服務端利用jetty內嵌伺服器接收請求,並對相應的請求處理,呼叫具體的服務,將服務執行結果返回給消費端。
HTTPTransportClient.java
import com.rpc.Peer;
import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
/**
* @author Wenbo
* @version 1.0
* @program
* @description 基於HTTP實現的客戶端
* @date 2022/5/15 19:38
*/
public class HTTPTransportClient implements TransportClient{
private String url;
@Override
public void connect(Peer peer) {
this.url = "http://" + peer.getHost() + ":" + peer.getPort();
}
@Override
public InputStream write(InputStream data) throws IOException {
HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) new URL(url).openConnection();
connection.setDoOutput(true);
connection.setDoInput(true);
connection.setUseCaches(false);
connection.connect();
IOUtils.copy(data, connection.getOutputStream());
int resultCode = connection.getResponseCode();
if(resultCode == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK){
return connection.getInputStream();
}else{
return connection.getErrorStream();
}
}
@Override
public void close() {
}
}
HTTPTransportServer.java
import org.eclipse.jetty.server.Server;
import org.eclipse.jetty.servlet.ServletContextHandler;
import org.eclipse.jetty.servlet.ServletHolder;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
/**
* @author Wenbo
* @version 1.0
* @program
* @description 基於http短連線實現的伺服器,就是dubbo中的HTTPserver
* @date 2022/5/15 19:18
*/
@Slf4j
public class HTTPTransportServer implements TransportServer{
private RequestHandler handler; // 請求處理器
private Server server;
@Override
public void init(int port, RequestHandler handler) {
this.handler = handler;
this.server = new Server(port);
// servlet接收請求
ServletContextHandler ctx = new ServletContextHandler();
server.setHandler(ctx);
ServletHolder holder = new ServletHolder(new RequestServlet());
ctx.addServlet(holder, "/*"); // 對所有的http請求處理
}
@Override
public void start() {
try {
server.start();
server.join();
}catch (Exception e){
log.error(e.getMessage(),e);
}
}
@Override
public void stop() {
try {
server.stop();
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error(e.getMessage(),e);
}
}
class RequestServlet extends HttpServlet{
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws IOException {
log.info("客戶端連線");
InputStream in = req.getInputStream();
OutputStream out = resp.getOutputStream();
if(handler != null){
handler.onRequest(in, out);
}
out.flush();
}
}
}
RequestHandler.java
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
/**
* @author Wenbo
* @version 1.0
* @program
* @description 處理網路請求的handler
* @date 2022/5/15 16:33
*/
public interface RequestHandler {
void onRequest(InputStream recive, OutputStream toResp);
}
3.5 消費端模組
消費端模組採用動態代理的方式,生成服務的代理物件,這樣可以使得消費端直接呼叫具體的方法,而不用去關心底層的細節,在動態代理的Invoker裡面去實現真實的服務具體呼叫。同時還實現了負載均衡,簡單的利用隨機選擇主機來獲取連線。
RandomTransportSelector.java
import com.rpc.Peer;
import com.rpc.ReflectionUtils;
import com.rpc.transport.TransportClient;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;
/**
* @author Wenbo
* @version 1.0
* @program
* @description 負載均衡選擇器, 隨機選擇一個連線進行傳輸
* @date 2022/5/15 20:10
*/
@Slf4j
public class RandomTransportSelector implements TransportSelector{
private List<TransportClient> clients;
public RandomTransportSelector(){
this.clients = new ArrayList<>();
}
@Override
public synchronized void init(List<Peer> peers, int count, Class<? extends TransportClient> clazz) {
count = Math.max(count, 1);
for(Peer peer: peers){
for(int i = 0;i < count;i++){
TransportClient client = ReflectionUtils.newInstance(clazz);
client.connect(peer);
clients.add(client);
}
log.info("connect server:{}",peer);
}
}
@Override
public synchronized TransportClient select() {
int i = new Random().nextInt(clients.size());
return clients.remove(i);
}
@Override
public void release(TransportClient client) {
clients.add(client);
}
@Override
public void close() {
for(TransportClient client : clients){
client.close();
}
clients.clear();
}
}
RemoteInvoker.java
import com.rpc.*;
import com.rpc.transport.TransportClient;
import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
/**
* @author Wenbo
* @version 1.0
* @program
* @description 動態代理的InvocationHandler 的實現類。
* @date 2022/5/15 20:32
*/
public class RemoteInvoker implements InvocationHandler {
private Class clazz;
private Encoder encoder;
private Decoder decoder;
private TransportSelector selector;
public RemoteInvoker(Class clazz, Encoder encoder, Decoder decoder, TransportSelector selector){
this.clazz = clazz;
this.encoder = encoder;
this.decoder = decoder;
this.selector = selector;
}
@Override
public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
Request request = new Request();
request.setServiceDescriptor(ServiceDescriptor.from(clazz, method));
request.setParameters(args);
Response resp = invokeRemote(request);
if(resp == null || resp.getCode() != 0){
throw new IllegalStateException("fail to invoke remote:" +resp);
}
return resp.getData();
}
private Response invokeRemote(Request request) {
Response response = null;
TransportClient client = null;
try{
client = selector.select();
byte[] encode = encoder.encode(request);
InputStream write = client.write(new ByteArrayInputStream(encode));
byte[] bytes = IOUtils.readFully(write, write.available());
response = decoder.decode(bytes, Response.class);
}catch (IOException e){
response = new Response();
response.setCode(1);
response.setMessage("Rpc error"+e.getClass()+":"+e.getMessage());
}finally {
if(client!=null){
selector.release(client);
}
}
return response;
}
}
RpcClient.java
import com.rpc.Decoder;
import com.rpc.Encoder;
import com.rpc.ReflectionUtils;
import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
/**
* @author Wenbo
* @version 1.0
* @program
* @description 動態代理, 生成服務的代理物件
* @date 2022/5/15 20:20
*/
public class RpcClient {
private RpcClientConfig config;
private Encoder encoder;
private Decoder decoder;
private TransportSelector selector;
public RpcClient(){
this(new RpcClientConfig());
}
public RpcClient(RpcClientConfig config){
this.config = config;
this.encoder = ReflectionUtils.newInstance(this.config.getEncoderClass());
this.decoder = ReflectionUtils.newInstance(this.config.getDecoderClass());
this.selector = ReflectionUtils.newInstance(this.config.getTransportSelector());
this.selector.init(this.config.getServers(), this.config.getConnectCount(), this.config.getTransportClass());
}
public <T> T getProxy(Class<T> clazz){
return (T) Proxy.newProxyInstance(getClass().getClassLoader(), new Class[]{clazz}, new RemoteInvoker(clazz,encoder,decoder,selector));
}
}
RpcClientConfig.java
import com.rpc.*;
import com.rpc.transport.HTTPTransportClient;
import com.rpc.transport.TransportClient;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import java.lang.reflect.Array;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
/**
* @author Wenbo
* @version 1.0
* @program
* @description
* @date 2022/5/15 20:06
*/
@Data
public class RpcClientConfig {
public Class<? extends TransportClient> transportClass = HTTPTransportClient.class;
public Class<? extends Encoder> encoderClass = JSONEncoder.class;
public Class<? extends Decoder> decoderClass = JSONDecoder.class;
public Class<? extends TransportSelector> transportSelector = RandomTransportSelector.class;
private int connectCount = 1;
private List<Peer> servers = Arrays.asList(new Peer("127.0.0.1", 3000));
}
3.6 服務端模組
服務端模組將所有的服務註冊到到一個map裡面,鍵為服務的描述,ServiceDescriptor物件,值為實現類ServiceInstance物件,這樣當獲取到消費端傳來的ServiceDescriptor物件的時候可以找到對應的具體實現類。因為ServiceDescriptor類作為Map的鍵,所以需要重寫ServiceDescriptor類的hashcode() 和 equals()方法。當服務端找到具體的實現類後,利用動態代理反射的機制去呼叫具體的方法,並將結果返回給消費端。
RpcServer.java
import com.rpc.*;
import com.rpc.transport.RequestHandler;
import com.rpc.transport.TransportServer;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
/**
* @author Wenbo
* @version 1.0
* @program
* @description
* @date 2022/5/15 21:17
*/
@Slf4j
public class RpcServer {
private RpcServiceConfig config;
private TransportServer net;
private Encoder encoder;
private Decoder decoder;
private ServiceManager serviceManager;
private ServiceInvoker serviceInvoker;
private RequestHandler handler = new RequestHandler() {
Response resp = new Response();
@Override
public void onRequest(InputStream recive, OutputStream toResp) {// 這裡其實就是HttpServerHandler
try{
byte[] inBytes = IOUtils.readFully(recive, recive.available());
Request request = decoder.decode(inBytes, Request.class);
log.info("get request: {}",request);
ServiceInstance sis = serviceManager.lookup(request);
Object res = serviceInvoker.invoke(sis, request);
resp.setData(res);
}catch (IOException e){
log.warn(e.getMessage(),e);
resp.setCode(1);
resp.setMessage("RpcServer get error:"+e.getClass().getName()+":"+e.getMessage());
}finally {
byte[] outBytes = encoder.encode(resp);
try{
toResp.write(outBytes);
log.info("response client");
}catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
};
public RpcServer(RpcServiceConfig config){
this.config = config;
// net
this.net = ReflectionUtils.newInstance(config.getTransportClass());
this.net.init(config.getPort(), this.handler);
// codec
this.encoder = ReflectionUtils.newInstance(config.getEncoderClass());
this.decoder = ReflectionUtils.newInstance(config.getDecoderClass());
// Service
this.serviceManager = new ServiceManager();
this.serviceInvoker = new ServiceInvoker();
}
public void start(){
this.net.start();
}
public void stop(){
this.net.stop();
}
public <T> void register(Class<T> interfaceClass, T bean){
serviceManager.register(interfaceClass, bean);
}
public RpcServer(){
this(new RpcServiceConfig());
}
}
RpcServiceConfig.java
import com.rpc.Decoder;
import com.rpc.Encoder;
import com.rpc.JSONDecoder;
import com.rpc.JSONEncoder;
import com.rpc.transport.HTTPTransportServer;
import com.rpc.transport.TransportServer;
import lombok.Data;
/**
* @author Wenbo
* @version 1.0
* @program
* @description 服務配置類
* @date 2022/5/15 21:13
*/
@Data
public class RpcServiceConfig {
// 網路協議
private Class<? extends TransportServer> transportClass = HTTPTransportServer.class;
// 序列化
private Class<? extends Encoder> encoderClass = JSONEncoder.class;
// 反序列化
private Class<? extends Decoder> decoderClass = JSONDecoder.class;
private int port = 3000;
}
ServiceInstance.java
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
/**
* @author Wenbo
* @version 1.0
* @program
* @description 表示一個具體的服務
* @date 2022/5/15 20:52
*/
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
public class ServiceInstance {
private Object target;
private Method method;
}
ServiceInvoker.java
import com.rpc.ReflectionUtils;
import com.rpc.Request;
/**
* @author Wenbo
* @version 1.0
* @program
* @description 呼叫具體的服務中的方法
* @date 2022/5/15 21:19
*/
public class ServiceInvoker {
public Object invoke(ServiceInstance serviceInstance, Request request){
return ReflectionUtils.invoke(serviceInstance.getTarget(),
serviceInstance.getMethod(),
request.getParameters());
}
}
ServiceManager.java
import com.rpc.ReflectionUtils;
import com.rpc.Request;
import com.rpc.ServiceDescriptor;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
/**
* @author Wenbo
* @version 1.0
* @program
* @description 服務管理類, 管理rpc暴露的服務
* @date 2022/5/15 20:51
*/
@Slf4j
public class ServiceManager { // 這個其實就是LocalRegister方法, 將服務名和實現類儲存在map裡面, 可以根據服務名(介面名)找對應的實現類。
private Map<ServiceDescriptor, ServiceInstance> services;
public ServiceManager(){
services = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
}
public <T> void register(Class<T> interfaceClass, T bean){ // bean是實現類的物件
Method[] methods = ReflectionUtils.getPublicMethods(interfaceClass);
for(Method method : methods){
ServiceInstance sis = new ServiceInstance(bean, method);
ServiceDescriptor sdp = ServiceDescriptor.from(interfaceClass, method);
services.put(sdp, sis);
// System.out.println("方法個數" + services.size());
log.info("register service: {} {}",sdp.getClazz(), sdp.getMethod());
}
}
// 支援版本號的rpc
public <T> void register(Class<T> interfaceClass,String version, T bean){
Method[] methods = ReflectionUtils.getPublicMethods(interfaceClass);
for(Method method:methods){
ServiceInstance sis = new ServiceInstance(bean, method);
ServiceDescriptor sdp = ServiceDescriptor.from(interfaceClass,version,method);
services.put(sdp,sis);
log.info("register service: {} {}",sdp.getClazz(), sdp.getMethod());
}
}
public ServiceInstance lookup(Request request){
ServiceDescriptor sdp = request.getServiceDescriptor();
return services.get(sdp);
}
}
最終執行結果
服務端啟動:
消費端呼叫: