Neovim開發環境搭建(2021.07.01)
Neovim開發環境搭建(2021.07.01)
目錄-
Neovim開發環境搭建(2021.07.01)
- 一、搭建環境
- 二、Neovim安裝
- 三、vim-plug安裝
- 四、開發環境搭建
-
五、其它擴充套件
- 5.1 coc.nvim
- 5.2 auto-pairs
- 5.3 rawbow
- 5.4 vim-startify
- 5.5 vim-airline
- 5.6 vim-airline-themes
- 5.7 nord-vim
- 5.8 gruvbox
- 5.9 indentLine
- 5.10 nerdcommenter
- 5.11 tabular
- 5.12 vim-gitgutter
- 5.13 neoformat
- 5.14 nerdtree
- 5.15 sonokai
- 5.16 codi.vim
- 5.17 vim-pydocstring
- 5.18 tagbar
- 5.19 vimspector
- 5.20 vim-easycomplete
- 5.21 ultisnips
- 5.22 vim-snippets
- 六、其它配置
一、搭建環境
- Ubuntu 21.04
- Neovim 0.4.4
二、Neovim安裝
# 下載 neovim,如遇網路問題可以採用 https://hub.fastgit.org 映象進行加速下載 # curl -LO https://hub.fastgit.org/neovim/neovim/releases/latest/download/nvim.appimage $ curl -LO https://github.com/neovim/neovim/releases/latest/download/nvim.appimage # 為 neovim 新增執行許可權 $ chmod +x nvim.appimage # 將 neovim 移至 /usr/local/bin 目錄下,並重命名為 nvim $ sudo mv nvim.appimage /usr/local/bin/nvim # 測試 neovim 使用 $ nvim # 配置 vim 和 vi 使用 nvim(可選) # 為 vi 和 vim 新增 nvim 可選項 $ sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/vi vi /usr/local/bin/nvim 30 $ sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/vim vim /usr/local/bin/nvim 30 # 配置 vi 和 vim 使用 nvim,選擇列表中 nvim 對應的序號即可 $ sudo update-alternatives --config vi $ sudo update-alternatives --config vim
三、vim-plug安裝
vim-plug
是一個極簡的 vim 外掛管理工具,通過它我們可以非常方便的安裝外掛。
3.1 安裝
3.1.1 Vim
# 使用 vim 的安裝方式,如遇網路問題可以採用 https://raw.fastgit.org 映象加速下載
# curl -fLo ~/.vim/autoload/plug.vim --create-dirs \
# https://raw.fastgit.org/junegunn/vim-plug/master/plug.vim
$ curl -fLo ~/.vim/autoload/plug.vim --create-dirs \
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/junegunn/vim-plug/master/plug.vim
3.1.2 Neovim
# 使用 neovim 的安裝方式,如遇網路問題可以採用 https://raw.fastgit.org 映象加速下載
# sh -c 'curl -fLo "${XDG_DATA_HOME:-$HOME/.local/share}"/nvim/site/autoload/plug.vim --create-dirs \
# https://raw.fastgit.org/junegunn/vim-plug/master/plug.vim'
$ sh -c 'curl -fLo "${XDG_DATA_HOME:-$HOME/.local/share}"/nvim/site/autoload/plug.vim --create-dirs \
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/junegunn/vim-plug/master/plug.vim'
3.3 使用
新增vim-plug
的配置到neovim
的配置檔案~/.config/nvim/init.vim
中(vim
配置檔案路徑為~/.vimrc
)。
- 以
call plug#begin('~/.vim/plugged')
開始; - 用
Plug
命令列出所有需要安裝外掛; - 以
call plug#end()
結束;
示例:
" ~/.vim/plugged 為外掛儲存的路徑,可自定義
call plug#begin('~/.vim/plugged')
" 用 Plug 命令列出所有需要安裝的外掛
Plug 'jiangmiao/auto-pairs' " 自動補全括號外掛
Plug 'neoclide/coc.nvim', {'branch': 'release'} " lsp語言服務協議
" 結束
call plug#end()
重新載入配置檔案通過:PlugInstall
命令來安裝外掛。
四、開發環境搭建
4.1 coc.nvim
4.1.1 安裝
coc.nvim
擴充套件使neovim
(或者vim
)支援各種語言服務協議,從而實現智慧提示等功能。
採用vim-plug
的方式進行安裝,在.vimrc
或者init.vim
檔案中新增以下內容:
Plug 'neoclide/coc.nvim', {'branch': 'release'}
重新載入配置檔案通過:PlugInstall
命令來安裝外掛。
注:coc.nvim 需要依賴 node, 關於 node 的安裝請自行查閱,此處不再贅述。
4.1.2 配置
coc.nvim
的配置較為複雜,此處採用預設配置,如有需求可以自行修改。
在.vimrc
或者init.vim
新增以下配置,以使 coc.nvim
更好的工作:
" Set internal encoding of vim, not needed on neovim, since coc.nvim using some
" unicode characters in the file autoload/float.vim
set encoding=utf-8
" TextEdit might fail if hidden is not set.
set hidden
" Some servers have issues with backup files, see #649.
set nobackup
set nowritebackup
" Give more space for displaying messages.
set cmdheight=2
" Having longer updatetime (default is 4000 ms = 4 s) leads to noticeable
" delays and poor user experience.
set updatetime=300
" Don't pass messages to |ins-completion-menu|.
set shortmess+=c
" Always show the signcolumn, otherwise it would shift the text each time
" diagnostics appear/become resolved.
if has("nvim-0.5.0") || has("patch-8.1.1564")
" Recently vim can merge signcolumn and number column into one
set signcolumn=number
else
set signcolumn=yes
endif
" Use tab for trigger completion with characters ahead and navigate.
" NOTE: Use command ':verbose imap <tab>' to make sure tab is not mapped by
" other plugin before putting this into your config.
inoremap <silent><expr> <TAB>
\ pumvisible() ? "\<C-n>" :
\ <SID>check_back_space() ? "\<TAB>" :
\ coc#refresh()
inoremap <expr><S-TAB> pumvisible() ? "\<C-p>" : "\<C-h>"
function! s:check_back_space() abort
let col = col('.') - 1
return !col || getline('.')[col - 1] =~# '\s'
endfunction
" Use <c-space> to trigger completion.
if has('nvim')
inoremap <silent><expr> <c-space> coc#refresh()
else
inoremap <silent><expr> <c-@> coc#refresh()
endif
" Make <CR> auto-select the first completion item and notify coc.nvim to
" format on enter, <cr> could be remapped by other vim plugin
inoremap <silent><expr> <cr> pumvisible() ? coc#_select_confirm()
\: "\<C-g>u\<CR>\<c-r>=coc#on_enter()\<CR>"
" Use `[g` and `]g` to navigate diagnostics
" Use `:CocDiagnostics` to get all diagnostics of current buffer in location list.
nmap <silent> [g <Plug>(coc-diagnostic-prev)
nmap <silent> ]g <Plug>(coc-diagnostic-next)
" GoTo code navigation.
nmap <silent> gd <Plug>(coc-definition)
nmap <silent> gy <Plug>(coc-type-definition)
nmap <silent> gi <Plug>(coc-implementation)
nmap <silent> gr <Plug>(coc-references)
" Use K to show documentation in preview window.
nnoremap <silent> K :call <SID>show_documentation()<CR>
function! s:show_documentation()
if (index(['vim','help'], &filetype) >= 0)
execute 'h '.expand('<cword>')
elseif (coc#rpc#ready())
call CocActionAsync('doHover')
else
execute '!' . &keywordprg . " " . expand('<cword>')
endif
endfunction
" Highlight the symbol and its references when holding the cursor.
autocmd CursorHold * silent call CocActionAsync('highlight')
" Symbol renaming.
nmap <leader>rn <Plug>(coc-rename)
" Formatting selected code.
xmap <leader>f <Plug>(coc-format-selected)
nmap <leader>f <Plug>(coc-format-selected)
augroup mygroup
autocmd!
" Setup formatexpr specified filetype(s).
autocmd FileType typescript,json setl formatexpr=CocAction('formatSelected')
" Update signature help on jump placeholder.
autocmd User CocJumpPlaceholder call CocActionAsync('showSignatureHelp')
augroup end
" Applying codeAction to the selected region.
" Example: `<leader>aap` for current paragraph
xmap <leader>a <Plug>(coc-codeaction-selected)
nmap <leader>a <Plug>(coc-codeaction-selected)
" Remap keys for applying codeAction to the current buffer.
nmap <leader>ac <Plug>(coc-codeaction)
" Apply AutoFix to problem on the current line.
nmap <leader>qf <Plug>(coc-fix-current)
" Map function and class text objects
" NOTE: Requires 'textDocument.documentSymbol' support from the language server.
xmap if <Plug>(coc-funcobj-i)
omap if <Plug>(coc-funcobj-i)
xmap af <Plug>(coc-funcobj-a)
omap af <Plug>(coc-funcobj-a)
xmap ic <Plug>(coc-classobj-i)
omap ic <Plug>(coc-classobj-i)
xmap ac <Plug>(coc-classobj-a)
omap ac <Plug>(coc-classobj-a)
" Remap <C-f> and <C-b> for scroll float windows/popups.
if has('nvim-0.4.0') || has('patch-8.2.0750')
nnoremap <silent><nowait><expr> <C-f> coc#float#has_scroll() ? coc#float#scroll(1) : "\<C-f>"
nnoremap <silent><nowait><expr> <C-b> coc#float#has_scroll() ? coc#float#scroll(0) : "\<C-b>"
inoremap <silent><nowait><expr> <C-f> coc#float#has_scroll() ? "\<c-r>=coc#float#scroll(1)\<cr>" : "\<Right>"
inoremap <silent><nowait><expr> <C-b> coc#float#has_scroll() ? "\<c-r>=coc#float#scroll(0)\<cr>" : "\<Left>"
vnoremap <silent><nowait><expr> <C-f> coc#float#has_scroll() ? coc#float#scroll(1) : "\<C-f>"
vnoremap <silent><nowait><expr> <C-b> coc#float#has_scroll() ? coc#float#scroll(0) : "\<C-b>"
endif
" Use CTRL-S for selections ranges.
" Requires 'textDocument/selectionRange' support of language server.
nmap <silent> <C-s> <Plug>(coc-range-select)
xmap <silent> <C-s> <Plug>(coc-range-select)
" Add `:Format` command to format current buffer.
command! -nargs=0 Format :call CocAction('format')
" Add `:Fold` command to fold current buffer.
command! -nargs=? Fold :call CocAction('fold', <f-args>)
" Add `:OR` command for organize imports of the current buffer.
command! -nargs=0 OR :call CocAction('runCommand', 'editor.action.organizeImport')
" Add (Neo)Vim's native statusline support.
" NOTE: Please see `:h coc-status` for integrations with external plugins that
" provide custom statusline: lightline.vim, vim-airline.
set statusline^=%{coc#status()}%{get(b:,'coc_current_function','')}
" Mappings for CoCList
" Show all diagnostics.
nnoremap <silent><nowait> <space>a :<C-u>CocList diagnostics<cr>
" Manage extensions.
nnoremap <silent><nowait> <space>e :<C-u>CocList extensions<cr>
" Show commands.
nnoremap <silent><nowait> <space>c :<C-u>CocList commands<cr>
" Find symbol of current document.
nnoremap <silent><nowait> <space>o :<C-u>CocList outline<cr>
" Search workspace symbols.
nnoremap <silent><nowait> <space>s :<C-u>CocList -I symbols<cr>
" Do default action for next item.
nnoremap <silent><nowait> <space>j :<C-u>CocNext<CR>
" Do default action for previous item.
nnoremap <silent><nowait> <space>k :<C-u>CocPrev<CR>
" Resume latest coc list.
nnoremap <silent><nowait> <space>p :<C-u>CocListResume<CR>
4.2 Python補全支援
coc.pyright
為coc.nvim
的一個外掛,通過它可以實現python
語言的智慧提示等。
-
通過以下命令安裝擴充套件;
:CocInstall coc-pyright
-
配置
python
開發環境(如果已經配置跳過此步); -
開啟
.py
檔案即可自動識別實現提示補全等功能;
4.2 Java補全支援
coc-java
為coc.nvim
的一款外掛,通過它可以實現java
語言的智慧提示等。
-
通過以下命令安裝擴充套件;
:CocInstall coc-java
-
安裝 JDK 並正確配置環境變數(如果已經配置跳過此步);
-
開啟
.java
檔案將會自動啟用;
注1:當沒有發現 jdt.ls 時,該擴充套件會自動進行下載。
注2:如果
jdt
下載較慢,可以手動下載 jdt 並解包到coc-java
的資料資料夾下,可以在neovim
(或者vim
)中通過:echo coc#util#extension_root().'/coc-java-data/server'
命令獲取檔案路徑。
五、其它擴充套件
5.1 coc.nvim
5.1.1 coc-json
json
語言服務,安裝命令如下:
:CocInstall coc-json
5.1.2 coc-sh
sh
語言服務,安裝命令如下:
:CocInstall coc-sh
5.2 auto-pairs
自動插入或者刪除另一半括號,vim-plug
方式安裝:
Plug 'jiangmiao/auto-pairs'
5.3 rawbow
巢狀彩虹括號,vim-plug
方式安裝:
Plug 'luochen1990/rainbow'
相關配置:
let g:rainbow_active = 1 " 啟用rainbow
5.4 vim-startify
檔案開啟記錄,vim-plug
方式安裝:
Plug 'mhinz/vim-startify'
5.5 vim-airline
狀態列外掛,vim-plug
方式安裝:
Plug 'vim-airline/vim-airline'
相關配置:
let g:airline_theme = 'nord' " 設定airline使用的主題
let g:airline_powerline_fonts = 1 " 使airline正常顯示箭頭
" 設定 neovim 或者 vim 的 tabline
let g:airline#extensions#coc#enabled = 1
let g:airline#extensions#tabline#enabled = 1
let g:airline#extensions#tabline#tab_nr_type = 1
let g:airline#extensions#tabline#show_tab_nr = 1
let g:airline#extensions#tabline#formatter = 'default'
let g:airline#extensions#tabline#buffer_nr_show = 0
let g:airline#extensions#tabline#fnametruncate = 16
let g:airline#extensions#tabline#fnamecollapse = 2
let g:airline#extensions#tabline#buffer_idx_mode = 1
5.6 vim-airline-themes
狀態列主題外掛,vim-plug
方式安裝:
Plug 'vim-airline/vim-airline-themes'
5.7 nord-vim
nord
配色主題外掛,vim-plug
方式安裝:
Plug 'arcticicestudio/nord-vim'
5.8 gruvbox
gruvbox
配色主題外掛,vim-plug
方式安裝:
Plug 'morhetz/gruvbox'
5.9 indentLine
縮排線外掛,vim-plug
方式安裝:
Plug 'Yggdroot/indentLine'
5.10 nerdcommenter
註釋外掛,支援多語言,vim-plug
方式安裝:
Plug 'preservim/nerdcommenter'
相關配置:
let g:NERDSpaceDelims = 1 " 設定在註釋分隔符後新增空格
let g:NERDCompactSexyComs = 1 " 設定多行使用簡潔語法註釋
let g:NERDTrimTrailingWhitespace = 1 " 設定允許註釋清理行尾的空格
5.11 tabular
文字對齊外掛,vim-plug
方式安裝:
Plug 'godlygeek/tabular'
5.12 vim-gitgutter
git diff
外掛,vim-plug
方式安裝:
Plug 'airblade/vim-gitgutter'
5.13 neoformat
程式碼格式化外掛,支援多語言,vim-plug
方式安裝:
Plug 'sbdchd/neoformat'
5.14 nerdtree
檔案目錄樹外掛,vim-plug
方式安裝:
Plug 'preservim/nerdtree'
5.15 sonokai
程式碼高亮配色主題,vim-plug
方式安裝:
Plug 'sainnhe/sonokai'
5.16 codi.vim
實時顯示python
指令碼執行結果,vim-plug
方式安裝:
Plug 'metakirby5/codi.vim'
5.17 vim-pydocstring
自動生成python
文件字串,vim-plug
方式安裝:
Plug 'heavenshell/vim-pydocstring'
相關配置:
let g:pydocstring_doq_path = '~/.local/share/virtualenvs/python3.8/bin/doq' " pydocstring依賴doq的路徑
5.18 tagbar
顯示檔案類結構層次,vim-plug
方式安裝:
Plug 'preservim/tagbar'
相關配置:
let g:tagbar_ctags_bin = '/usr/bin/ctags' " tagbar依賴ctags的路徑
5.19 vimspector
類似vscode
佈局的 GUI 除錯擴充套件,vim-plug
方式安裝:
Plug 'puremourning/vimspector'
相關配置:
let g:vimspector_enable_mappings = 'VISUAL_STUDIO' " vimspector快捷鍵方案
5.20 vim-easycomplete
自動補全擴充套件,功能類似coc.nvim
,vim-plug
方式安裝:
Plug 'jayli/vim-easycomplete'
5.21 ultisnips
程式碼片段,vim-plug
方式安裝:
Plug 'SirVer/ultisnips'
5.22 vim-snippets
程式碼片段,vim-plug
方式安裝:
Plug 'honza/vim-snippets'
六、其它配置
set relativenumber " 設定顯示相對行號
set number " 設定顯示行號
set expandtab " 設定TAB使用空格
set tabstop=4 " 設定TAB縮排的空格數量
set shiftwidth=4 " 自動縮排的寬度
set fileencodings=utf-8,ucs-bom,gb18030,gbk,gb2312,cp936 " 解決中文亂碼
set termencoding=utf-8
set encoding=utf-8
" 插入模式鍵對映
inoremap kk <Esc>
" 普通模式鍵對映
" 開啟檔案樹
nnoremap <leader>e :CocCommand explorer<CR>
" 儲存
nnoremap <leader>w :w<CR>
" 刪除buffer
nnoremap <leader>bd :bd<CR>
" 下一個buffer
nnoremap <leader>bn :bn<CR>
" 上一個buffer
nnoremap <leader>bp :bp<CR>
" 關閉tab
nnoremap <leader>tc :tabclose<CR>