什麼是 SpringCloud

SpringCloud 就是基於 SpringBoot 提供的一套微服務解決方案，是關注全域性的微服務協調治理框架，是各個微服務架構落地技術的集合體。

SpringCloud 與 SpringBoot 的關係

• SpringBoot 專注於快速開發單個個體微服務
• SpringCloud 是關注全域性的微服務協調治理框架，它將 SpringBoot 開發的微服務整合並管理起來，為各個微服務之間提供：配置管理、服務發現、斷路器、路由、代理、事件匯流排等整合服務
• SpringBoot 可以離開 SpringCloud 獨立使用，而 SpringCloud 離不開 SpringBoot

SpringCloud 與 SpringBoot 的版本選擇

• 訪問官網 https://spring.io/ 進入 Project -> SpringCloud，如下圖

SpringCloud Netflix 環境搭建

1. 建立通用 Maven 專案：spring-cloud-netflix

2. 作為總工程，只留一個 pom.xml 檔案即可

3. 編寫 pom 定義依賴管理

   pom.xml

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
   <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
            xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
            xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
       <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
   
       <groupId>com.kaishen</groupId>
       <artifactId>spring-cloud-netflix</artifactId>
       <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   
       <!-- 打包方式 -->
       <packaging>pom</packaging>
   
       <!-- 版本號 -->
       <properties>
           <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
           <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
   
           <!-- 日誌相關 -->
           <log4j.version>2.17.2</log4j.version>
           <logback.version>1.3.0-alpha14</logback.version>
   
           <!-- json 相關 -->
           <json.version>20220320</json.version>
           <gson.version>2.9.0</gson.version>
   
           <!-- J2EE 相關 -->
           <lombok.version>1.18.24</lombok.version>
           <lang3.version>3.12.0</lang3.version>
           <dom4j.version>2.1.3</dom4j.version>
           <commons-io.version>2.11.0</commons-io.version>
           <guava.version>31.1-jre</guava.version>
   
           <!-- 資料庫相關 -->
           <druid.version>1.2.9</druid.version>
           <mysql.version>5.1.47</mysql.version>
           <mybatis.version>2.2.2</mybatis.version>
   
           <!-- Netflix Component version -->
           <netflix.component.version>1.4.7.RELEASE</netflix.component.version>
       </properties>
   
       <!-- 依賴管理，此處做管理，每個Module需自行引入所需依賴 -->
       <dependencyManagement>
           <dependencies>
               <!-- SpringCloud 依賴 -->
               <dependency>
                   <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                   <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                   <version>Hoxton.SR12</version>
                   <type>pom</type>
                   <scope>import</scope>
               </dependency>
   
               <!-- SpringBoot 依賴 -->
               <dependency>
                   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                   <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
                   <version>2.3.12.RELEASE</version>
                   <type>pom</type>
                   <scope>import</scope>
               </dependency>
   
               <!-- region 通用元件 -->
               <!-- log4j -->
               <dependency>
                   <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
                   <artifactId>log4j-core</artifactId>
                   <version>${log4j.version}</version>
               </dependency>
   
               <!-- logback -->
               <dependency>
                   <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
                   <artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
                   <version>${logback.version}</version>
               </dependency>
   
               <!-- json -->
               <dependency>
                   <groupId>org.json</groupId>
                   <artifactId>json</artifactId>
                   <version>${json.version}</version>
               </dependency>
   
               <!-- google json -->
               <dependency>
                   <groupId>com.google.code.gson</groupId>
                   <artifactId>gson</artifactId>
                   <version>${gson.version}</version>
               </dependency>
   
               <!-- Lombok -->
               <dependency>
                   <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                   <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                   <version>${lombok.version}</version>
                   <scope>provided</scope>
               </dependency>
   
               <!-- lang3 Java 第二 API -->
               <dependency>
                   <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
                   <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
                   <version>${lang3.version}</version>
               </dependency>
   
               <!-- dom4j -->
               <dependency>
                   <groupId>org.dom4j</groupId>
                   <artifactId>dom4j</artifactId>
                   <version>${dom4j.version}</version>
               </dependency>
   
               <!-- commons-io -->
               <dependency>
                   <groupId>commons-io</groupId>
                   <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
                   <version>${commons-io.version}</version>
               </dependency>
   
               <!-- guava 執行緒池技術 -->
               <dependency>
                   <groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
                   <artifactId>guava</artifactId>
                   <version>${guava.version}</version>
               </dependency>
   
               <!-- druid -->
               <dependency>
                   <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
                   <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
                   <version>${druid.version}</version>
               </dependency>
   
               <!-- MySQL -->
               <dependency>
                   <groupId>mysql</groupId>
                   <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
                   <version>${mysql.version}</version>
               </dependency>
   
               <!-- MyBatis -->
               <dependency>
                   <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
                   <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
                   <version>${mybatis.version}</version>
               </dependency>
               <!-- endregion -->
   
               <!-- region Netflix Component -->
               <!-- Eureka Server -->
               <dependency>
                   <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                   <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka-server</artifactId>
                   <version>${netflix.component.version}</version>
               </dependency>
   
               <!-- Eureka Client -->
               <dependency>
                   <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                   <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
                   <version>${netflix.component.version}</version>
               </dependency>
   
               <!-- Ribbon -->
               <dependency>
                   <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                   <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>
                   <version>${netflix.component.version}</version>
               </dependency>
   
               <!-- Feign -->
               <dependency>
                   <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                   <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactId>
                   <version>${netflix.component.version}</version>
               </dependency>
   
               <!-- Hystrix -->
               <dependency>
                   <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                   <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix</artifactId>
                   <version>${netflix.component.version}</version>
               </dependency>
   
               <!-- Dashboard -->
               <dependency>
                   <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                   <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix-dashboard</artifactId>
                   <version>${netflix.component.version}</version>
               </dependency>
   
               <!-- Zuul -->
               <dependency>
                   <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                   <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zuul</artifactId>
                   <version>${netflix.component.version}</version>
               </dependency>
   
               <!-- Config Server -->
               <dependency>
                   <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                   <artifactId>spring-cloud-config-server</artifactId>
                   <version>3.1.2</version>
               </dependency>
   
               <!-- Config Client -->
               <dependency>
                   <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                   <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
                   <version>3.1.2</version>
               </dependency>
               <!-- endregion -->
           </dependencies>
       </dependencyManagement>
   
   </project>
    
   

4. 打包方式改為 pom

5. 建立 Module，每個 Module 都是一個獨立的微服務

SpringCloud Alibaba 環境搭建

由於 SpringCloud Netflix 相關元件停更，Alibaba 便在原有 SpringCloud 的基礎上推出了一套替代方案

1. 建立通用 Maven 專案：spring-cloud-alibaba

2. 作為總工程，只留一個 pom.xml 檔案即可

3. 編寫 pom 定義依賴管理

   pom.xml

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
   <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
            xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
            xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
       <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
   
       <groupId>com.kaishen</groupId>
       <artifactId>springcloud</artifactId>
       <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   
       <!-- 打包方式 -->
       <packaging>pom</packaging>
   
       <!-- 屬性配置 -->
       <properties>
           <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
           <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
   
           <!-- 日誌相關 -->
           <log4j.version>2.17.2</log4j.version>
           <logback.version>1.3.0-alpha14</logback.version>
   
           <!-- json 相關 -->
           <json.version>20220320</json.version>
           <gson.version>2.9.0</gson.version>
   
           <!-- J2EE 相關 -->
           <lombok.version>1.18.24</lombok.version>
           <lang3.version>3.12.0</lang3.version>
           <dom4j.version>2.1.3</dom4j.version>
           <commons-io.version>2.11.0</commons-io.version>
           <guava.version>31.1-jre</guava.version>
   
           <!-- 資料庫相關 -->
           <druid.version>1.2.9</druid.version>
           <mysql.version>5.1.47</mysql.version>
           <mybatis.version>2.2.2</mybatis.version>
   
           <!-- SpringCloud 元件相關 -->
           <springcloud.version>2021.0.2</springcloud.version>
           <alibaba.cloud.version>2021.0.1.0</alibaba.cloud.version>
           <springboot.version>2.6.7</springboot.version>
           <zk.version>3.1.1</zk.version>
           <consul.version>3.1.0</consul.version>
       </properties>
   
       <!-- 依賴管理，此處做管理，每個 Module 需自行引入所需依賴 -->
       <dependencyManagement>
           <dependencies>
               <!-- SpringCloud -->
               <dependency>
                   <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                   <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                   <version>${springcloud.version}</version>
                   <type>pom</type>
                   <scope>import</scope>
               </dependency>
   
               <!-- Alibaba Cloud -->
               <dependency>
                   <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                   <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
                   <version>${alibaba.cloud.version}</version>
                   <type>pom</type>
                   <scope>import</scope>
               </dependency>
   
               <!-- SpringBoot -->
               <dependency>
                   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                   <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
                   <version>${springboot.version}</version>
                   <type>pom</type>
                   <scope>import</scope>
               </dependency>
   
               <!-- region 通用元件 -->
               <!-- log4j -->
               <dependency>
                   <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
                   <artifactId>log4j-core</artifactId>
                   <version>${log4j.version}</version>
               </dependency>
   
               <!-- logback -->
               <dependency>
                   <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
                   <artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
                   <version>${logback.version}</version>
               </dependency>
   
               <!-- json -->
               <dependency>
                   <groupId>org.json</groupId>
                   <artifactId>json</artifactId>
                   <version>${json.version}</version>
               </dependency>
   
               <!-- google json -->
               <dependency>
                   <groupId>com.google.code.gson</groupId>
                   <artifactId>gson</artifactId>
                   <version>${gson.version}</version>
               </dependency>
   
               <!-- Lombok -->
               <dependency>
                   <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                   <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                   <version>${lombok.version}</version>
                   <scope>provided</scope>
               </dependency>
   
               <!-- lang3 Java 第二 API -->
               <dependency>
                   <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
                   <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
                   <version>${lang3.version}</version>
               </dependency>
   
               <!-- dom4j -->
               <dependency>
                   <groupId>org.dom4j</groupId>
                   <artifactId>dom4j</artifactId>
                   <version>${dom4j.version}</version>
               </dependency>
   
               <!-- commons-io -->
               <dependency>
                   <groupId>commons-io</groupId>
                   <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
                   <version>${commons-io.version}</version>
               </dependency>
   
               <!-- guava 執行緒池技術 -->
               <dependency>
                   <groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
                   <artifactId>guava</artifactId>
                   <version>${guava.version}</version>
               </dependency>
   
               <!-- druid -->
               <dependency>
                   <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
                   <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
                   <version>${druid.version}</version>
               </dependency>
   
               <!-- MySQL -->
               <dependency>
                   <groupId>mysql</groupId>
                   <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
                   <version>${mysql.version}</version>
               </dependency>
   
               <!-- MyBatis -->
               <dependency>
                   <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
                   <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
                   <version>${mybatis.version}</version>
               </dependency>
               <!-- endregion -->
   
               <!-- Zookeeper -->
               <dependency>
                   <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                   <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zookeeper-discovery</artifactId>
                   <version>${zk.version}</version>
               </dependency>
   
               <!-- Consul -->
               <dependency>
                   <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                   <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-consul-discovery</artifactId>
                   <version>${consul.version}</version>
               </dependency>
           </dependencies>
       </dependencyManagement>
   </project>
    
   

4. 打包方式改為 pom

5. 建立 Module，每個 Module 都是一個獨立的微服務