SpringBoot中Actuator監控與管理
Actuator
actuator是Spring Boot專案中非常強大的一個功能,有助於對應用程式進行監控和管理,通過Restful API請求來監管、審計、收集應用的執行情況,針對微服務而言它是必不可少的一個環節。
Endpoints
Endpoints(端點)是actuator的核心部分,它用來監視應用程式及互動,spring-boot-actuator中已經內建了非常多的Endpoints(health、info、beans、httptrace、shutdown)等等,同時也允許我們自己擴充套件自己的端點
spring boot 2.0中的端點和之前版本有較大不同,使用時需要注意。另外端點的監控機制也有很大不同,啟用了不代表可以直接訪問,還需要將其暴露出來,傳統的management.security管理已被標記為不推薦。
內建Endpoints
應用
pom配置
在pom.xml中新增spring-boot-starter-actuator的依賴
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId> </dependency>
如果需要訪問info介面來獲取maven中的屬性內容請記得新增如下內容
<build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> <executions> <execution> <goals> <goal>build-info</goal> </goals> </execution> </executions> </plugin> </plugins> </build>
application.yml
在application.yml檔案中配置actuator的相關配置,其中info開頭的屬性,就是訪問info端點中顯示的相關內容,值得注意的是spring boot2.x中,預設只開放了info、health兩個端點,其餘的需要自己通過配置management.endpoints.web.exposure.include屬性來載入(有include自然就有exclude)。如果想單獨操作某個端點可以使用management.endpoint.端點.enabled屬性進行啟用或者禁用。
info: head: head body: body management: endpoints: web: exposure: # 載入所有的端點,預設只加載了info、health include:'*' endpoint: health: show-details: always # 可以關閉指定的端點 shutdown: enabled: false
測試
啟動專案,瀏覽器輸入:http://localhost:8080/actuator/info
{"head":"head","body":"body"}
自定義
上面很多都是配置相關的,以及自帶的一些端點,在實際應用中又時候預設並不能滿足我們的需求。
預設裝配HealthIndicators
下列是依賴spring-boot-xxx-starter後相關HealthIndicator的實現(通過management.health.defaults.enabled屬性可以禁用他們),但想要獲取一些額外的資訊時,自定義的作用就體現出來了。
健康端點(第一種方式)
實現HealthIndicator介面,根據自己的需要判斷返回的狀態是UP還是DOWN,功能簡單。
package com.spring.boot.health; import org.springframework.boot.actuate.health.Health; import org.springframework.boot.actuate.health.HealthIndicator; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; @Component("my1") public class MyHealthIndicator implements HealthIndicator { private static final String VERSION = "v1.0.0"; @Override public Health health() { int code = 0; if(code != 0){ Health.down().withDetail("code",code).withDetail("version",VERSION).build(); } return Health.up().withDetail("code",code) .withDetail("version",VERSION).up().build(); } }
輸入測試地址:http://localhost:8080/actuator/health
{ "status": "DOWN", "details": { "my1": { "status": "UP", "details": { "code": 0, "version": "v1.0.0" } }, "rabbit": { "status": "DOWN", "details": { "error": "org.springframework.amqp.AmqpConnectException: java.net.ConnectException: Connection refused (Connection refused)" } }, "diskSpace": { "status": "UP", "details": { "total": 250790436864, "free": 67546259456, "threshold": 10485760 } }, "db": { "status": "UP", "details": { "database": "MySQL", "hello": 1 } }, "redis": { "status": "DOWN", "details": { "error": "org.springframework.data.redis.connection.PoolException: Could not get a resource from the pool; nested exception is io.lettuce.core.RedisConnectionException: Unable to connect to 10.211.55.5:6379" } } }
可以看到當前專案的健康程度,由於沒有開啟linux虛擬機器中的redis及rabbitMQ 所以發生異常了,平時啟動專案時不去執行是不會報錯的
健康端點(第二種方式)
繼承AbstractHealthIndicator抽象類,重寫doHealthCheck方法,功能比第一種要強大一點,預設的DataSourceHealthIndicator、RedisHealthIndicator都是這種寫法,內容回撥中還做了異常的處理。
package com.spring.boot.health; import org.springframework.boot.actuate.health.AbstractHealthIndicator; import org.springframework.boot.actuate.health.Health; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; /** * 功能更強大,AbstractHealthIndicator實現了HealthIndicator介面 */ @Component("my2") public class MyAbstractHealthIndicator extends AbstractHealthIndicator { private static final String VERSION = "v1.0.1"; @Override protected void doHealthCheck(Health.Builder builder) throws Exception { int code = 0; if(code != 0){ builder.down().withDetail("code",code).withDetail("version",VERSION).build(); } builder.withDetail("code",code).withDetail("version",VERSION).up().build(); } }
測試: http://localhost:8080/actuator/health
{ "status": "DOWN", "details": { "my2": { "status": "UP", "details": { "code": 0, "version": "v1.0.1" } }, "my1": { "status": "UP", "details": { "code": 0, "version": "v1.0.0" } }, "rabbit": { "status": "DOWN", "details": { "error": "org.springframework.amqp.AmqpConnectException: java.net.ConnectException: Connection refused (Connection refused)" } }, "diskSpace": { "status": "UP", "details": { "total": 250790436864, "free": 67543334912, "threshold": 10485760 } }, "db": { "status": "UP", "details": { "database": "MySQL", "hello": 1 } }, "redis": { "status": "DOWN", "details": { "error": "org.springframework.data.redis.connection.PoolException: Could not get a resource from the pool; nested exception is io.lettuce.core.RedisConnectionException: Unable to connect to 10.211.55.5:6379" } } }
定義自己的端點
info、health都是spring-boot-actuator內建的,真正要實現自己的端點還得通過@Endpoint、@ReadOperator、@WriteOperation、@DeleteOperation。
不同請求的操作,呼叫時缺少必須引數,或者使用無法轉換為所需型別的引數,則不會呼叫操作方法,響應狀態為400(錯誤請求)
@Endpoint: 構建rest api的唯一路徑
@ReadOperation: GET請求,響應狀態為200 如果沒有返回值響應404(資源未找到)
@WriteOperation: POST請求,響應狀態為200如果沒有返回值響應204(無響應內容)
@DeleteOperation: DELETE請求,響應狀態為200如果沒有返回值響應204(無響應內容)
package com.spring.boot.endpoint; import org.springframework.boot.actuate.endpoint.annotation.Endpoint; import org.springframework.boot.actuate.endpoint.annotation.ReadOperation; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; @Endpoint(id = "jack") public class MyEndPoint { @ReadOperation public Map<String,String> test(){ Map<String,String> result = new HashMap<>(); result.put("name","jack"); result.put("age","20"); return result; } }
然後在啟動類中注入bean
package com.spring.boot; import com.alibaba.fastjson.serializer.SerializerFeature; import com.alibaba.fastjson.support.config.FastJsonConfig; import com.alibaba.fastjson.support.spring.FastJsonHttpMessageConverter; import com.spring.boot.endpoint.MyEndPoint; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.actuate.autoconfigure.endpoint.condition.ConditionalOnEnabledEndpoint; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnMissingBean; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.http.HttpMessageConverters; import org.springframework.cache.annotation.EnableCaching; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageConverter; @EnableCaching @SpringBootApplication public class BootApplication{ public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(BootApplication.class,args); } @Configuration static class MyEndpointConfiguration{ @Bean @ConditionalOnMissingBean @ConditionalOnEnabledEndpoint public MyEndPoint myEndPoint(){ return new MyEndPoint(); } } }
啟動專案 輸入測試地址:http://localhost:8080/actuator/jack
{"name":"jack","age":"20"}