springmvc半註解專案開發流程
最後更新日期:2022-12-01
1. 概述
本篇主要介紹使用springmvc半註解開發專案的過程。
參考部落格:《SpringMVC學習(二)——快速搭建SpringMVC開發環境(註解方式)》
部落格內容簡潔不全,其原始碼託管於:https://gitee.com/leo825/spring-framework-learning-example
1.1 開發環境簡述
作業系統:deepin20.7
vscode:1.73.1,需要安裝java,maven,spring,tomcat相關外掛
jdk開發執行環境:
#java環境 export JAVA_HOME=/home/liwl/.jdk_for_dev/jdk-17 export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH #tomcat環境 export PATH=/home/liwl/.jdk_for_dev/apache-tomcat-8.5.83/bin:$PATH #maver環境 export PATH=/home/liwl/.jdk_for_dev/apache-maven-3.8.6/bin:$PATH
專案位置:/home/liwl/Documents/nsccwx/liwldev/java/web/springmvc/
資料庫建立:
# 建立資料庫在,注意資料庫的編碼 create database liwldev_java_web_springmvc charset utf8 collate utf8_general_ci; # 建立表 use liwldev_java_web_springmvc; create table t_user_info( `id` int(11) unsigned not null primary key auto_increment comment '使用者ID', `name` varchar(20) default null comment '使用者姓名', `gender` varchar(2) default null comment '使用者性別', `age` varchar(3) default null comment '使用者年紀'); # 授權 grant all privileges on liwldev_java_web_springmvc.* to 'liwl'@'localhost' identified by 'liwanliang'; # flush privileges;
2. 開發過程
2.1 配置部分
2.1.1 maven建立專案
進入到專案位置:
cd /home/liwl/Documents/nsccwx/liwldev/java/web/springmvc/
建立專案:
mvn archetype:generate -DgroupId=com.liwl -DartifactId=springmvc_xml_annotation -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-webapp -DinteractiveMode=false
2.1.2 配置pom.xml
編輯pom.xml,引入依賴包:
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.liwl</groupId> <artifactId>springmvc_xml_annotation</artifactId> <packaging>war</packaging> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>springmvc_xml_annotation Maven Webapp</name> <url>http://maven.apache.org</url> <properties> <spring.version>5.3.21</spring.version> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source> <maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>3.8.1</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId> <version>3.0.1</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId> <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId> <version>2.2</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>8.0.29</version> </dependency> <!-- jsp 標準標籤庫 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.taglibs</groupId> <artifactId>taglibs-standard-spec</artifactId> <version>1.2.5</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.taglibs</groupId> <artifactId>taglibs-standard-impl</artifactId> <version>1.2.5</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <finalName>springmvc_xml_annotation</finalName> <pluginManagement> <plugins> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.1.0</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.0.2</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.8.0</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.22.1</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.2.2</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.5.2</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.8.2</version> </plugin> </plugins> </pluginManagement> </build> </project>
2.1.3 配置web.xml
編輯web.xml,配置專案,其內容如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
version="3.1">
<display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc_xml_annotation</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc_xml_annotation-servlet.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc_xml_annotation</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
web.xml裡面通過contextConfigLocation
引數,引入了springmvc_xml_annotaion-servlet.xml
配置,在resources目錄下建立springmvc_xml_annotation-servlet.xml
2.1.4 配置servlet.xml
在resources目錄下建立springmvc_xml_annotation-servlet.xml,內容如下:
需要注意的是xmlns的配置,如果配置有問題,則無法識別mvc標籤
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"
default-lazy-init="true">
<!-- 處理器對映器,將處理器Handler的name作為URL進行查詢 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"></bean>
<!-- 處理器介面卡,適配處理器中handlerRequest方法的呼叫 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"></bean>
<!-- 配置檢視解析器,把handler方法返回的邏輯檢視解析為實際的物理檢視 -->
<bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
</beans>
2.2 編碼部分
/src/main/
下建立原始碼目錄:
mkdir src/main/java/com/liwl/{config,controller,model,service,util}
2.2.1 編寫HelloController.java
在src/main/java/com/liwl/controller
目錄下,建立HelloController.java
,如下:
package com.liwl.controller;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
@Controller
public class HelloController {
@RequestMapping(value = "/hello",method = RequestMethod.GET)
public ModelAndView hello() throws ServletException,IOException{
ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
modelAndView.addObject("data","springmvc註解編碼測試成功");
modelAndView.setViewName("success");
return modelAndView;
}
}
2.2.2 編寫success.jsp檔案
在src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/views/
目錄下建立success.jsp
,內容如下:
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<body>
<h2>跳轉到success了!!!</h2>
<p>
${data}
</p>
</body>
</html>
2.2.3 註冊HelloController訪問success
修改src/main/resources/sprinmvc_xml-servlet.xml
,註冊bean,如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<!-- 處理器對映器,將處理器Handler的name作為URL進行查詢 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"></bean>
<!-- 處理器介面卡,適配處理器中handlerRequest方法的呼叫 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"></bean>
<!-- 配置檢視解析器,把handler方法返回的邏輯檢視解析為實際的物理檢視 -->
<bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
<bean id="helloController" name="/hello" class="com.liwl.controller.HelloController"></bean>
</beans>
使用maven外掛編譯應用,使用servers外掛啟動應用。訪問:http://localhost:8080/springmvc_xml/hello
2.2.4 修改servlet.xml引入註解
修改src/main/resources/sprinmvc_xml-servlet.xml
,註冊bean,如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"
default-lazy-init="true">
<!-- 處理器對映器,將處理器Handler的name作為URL進行查詢 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"></bean>
<!-- 處理器介面卡,適配處理器中handlerRequest方法的呼叫 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"></bean>
<!-- 配置檢視解析器,把handler方法返回的邏輯檢視解析為實際的物理檢視 -->
<bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
<!-- Spring內建連線池 -->
<bean id="driverManagerDataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
<property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"></property>
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/liwldev_java_web_springmvc"></property>
<property name="username" value="liwl"></property>
<property name="password" value="liwanliang"></property>
</bean>
<!--指定連線池-->
<bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
<property name="dataSource" ref="driverManagerDataSource"></property>
</bean>
<mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>
<context:component-scan base-package="com.liwl"></context:component-scan>
</beans>
2.2.5 編寫UserInfo.java
在src/main/java/com/liwl/model
下建立UserInfo.java
,如下:
此類對應資料庫liwldev_java_web_springmvc的表t_user_info的各個欄位
package com.liwl.model;
public class UserInfo {
private Long id;
private String name;
private String age;
private String gender;
public Long getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Long id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(String age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getGender() {
return gender;
}
public void setGender(String gender) {
this.gender = gender;
}
}
2.2.6 編寫UserInfoService.java
在src/main/java/com/liwl/service
目錄下,建立UserInfoService.java
檔案,如下:
package com.liwl.service;
import java.util.List;
import com.liwl.model.UserInfo;
public interface UserInfoService {
void insertUserInfo(UserInfo userInfo);
void deleteUserInfo(Long id);
void updateUserInfo(Long id,UserInfo newUserInfo);
List<UserInfo> getUserInfoList();
}
2.2.7 編寫UserInfoServiceImpl.java
在src/main/java/com/liwl/service/impl
目錄下,建立UserInfoServiceImpl.java
檔案,如下:
package com.liwl.service.impl;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import com.liwl.model.UserInfo;
import com.liwl.service.UserInfoService;
@Service
public class UserInfoServiceImpl implements UserInfoService {
@Autowired
JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
@Override
public void insertUserInfo(UserInfo userInfo) {
jdbcTemplate.execute("insert into t_user_info(name,age,gender) values('"+userInfo.getName()+"+"+userInfo.getAge()+"+"+userInfo.getGender()+"')");
}
@Override
public void deleteUserInfo(Long id) {
jdbcTemplate.execute("delete from t_user_info where id="+id);
}
@Override
public void updateUserInfo(Long id, UserInfo newUserInfo) {
jdbcTemplate.update("update t_user_info set name=?,age=?,gender=? where id=?",new Object[]{
new UserInfo().getName(),
new UserInfo().getAge(),
new UserInfo().getGender(),
});
}
@Override
public List<UserInfo> getUserInfoList() {
List<UserInfo> userInfos = new ArrayList<>();
List<Map<String,Object>> results = jdbcTemplate.queryForList("select * from t_user_info");
for (Map<String,Object> obj: results){
UserInfo userInfo = new UserInfo();
userInfo.setId((Long) obj.get("id"));
userInfo.setName((String) obj.get("name"));
userInfo.setAge((String) obj.get("age"));
userInfo.setGender((String) obj.get("gender"));
userInfos.add(userInfo);
}
return userInfos;
}
}
2.2.8 編寫GetUserInfoController.java
在src/main/java/com/liwl/controller目錄下建立GetUserInfoController.java,如下:
package com.liwl.controller;
import java.util.List;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import com.liwl.model.UserInfo;
import com.liwl.service.UserInfoService;
@Controller
public class GetUserInfoController {
@Autowired
UserInfoService userInfoService;
@RequestMapping("/getuserinfo")
public ModelAndView getUserInfo(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest,HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) throws Exception{
ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
List<UserInfo> userInfoList = userInfoService.getUserInfoList();
modelAndView.addObject("data",userInfoList);
modelAndView.setViewName("info");
return modelAndView;
}
}
2.2.9 編寫info.jsp
在src/main/webapp/views/下建立info.jsp,如下:
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" isELIgnored="false"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c"%>
<html>
<body>
<h2>跳轉到success了!!!</h2>
<p>
<c:forEach items="${data}" var="d">
<tr><td>${d.id}</td></tr>
<tr><td>${d.name}</td></tr>
<tr><td>${d.age}</td></tr>
<tr><td>${d.gender}</td></tr>
</br>
</c:forEach>
</p>
</body>
</html>
編譯以後,訪問:http://localhost:8080/springmvc_xml_annotation/getuserinfo