開啟 PostgreSQL 官網 https://www.postgresql.org/，點選選單欄上的 Download ，可以看到這裡包含了很多平臺的安裝包，包括 Linux、Windows、Mac OS等 。

Linux 我們可以看到支援 Ubuntu 和 Red Hat 等各個平臺，點選具體的平臺連結，即可檢視安裝方法：

經過上述的選擇，得到的安裝步驟如下：

# Install the repository RPM:
yum install https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/reporpms/EL-7-x86_64/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpm

# Install PostgreSQL:
yum install postgresql12-server

# Optionally initialize the database and enable automatic start:
/usr/pgsql-12/bin/postgresql-12-setup initdb
systemctl enable postgresql-12
systemctl start postgresql-12
 

啟動後預設監聽的地址是：127.0.0.1，埠是5432

[root@docker ~]# systemctl start postgresql-12

[root@docker ~]# systemctl status postgresql-12
● postgresql-12.service - PostgreSQL 12 database server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/postgresql-12.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Mon 2020-07-27 11:42:02 CST; 6s ago
     Docs: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/12/static/
  Process: 1628 ExecStartPre=/usr/pgsql-12/bin/postgresql-12-check-db-dir ${PGDATA} (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 1635 (postmaster)
   CGroup: /system.slice/postgresql-12.service
           ├─1635 /usr/pgsql-12/bin/postmaster -D /var/lib/pgsql/12/data/
           ├─1637 postgres: logger   
           ├─1639 postgres: checkpointer   
           ├─1640 postgres: background writer   
           ├─1641 postgres: walwriter   
           ├─1642 postgres: autovacuum launcher   
           ├─1643 postgres: stats collector   
           └─1644 postgres: logical replication launcher   

Jul 27 11:42:02 docker.domain.com systemd[1]: Starting PostgreSQL 12 database server...
Jul 27 11:42:02 docker.domain.com postmaster[1635]: 2020-07-27 11:42:02.505 CST [1635] LOG:  starting PostgreSQL 12.3 on x86_64-pc-linux-g... 64-bit
Jul 27 11:42:02 docker.domain.com postmaster[1635]: 2020-07-27 11:42:02.506 CST [1635] LOG:  listening on IPv4 address "127.0.0.1", port 5432
Jul 27 11:42:02 docker.domain.com postmaster[1635]: 2020-07-27 11:42:02.506 CST [1635] LOG:  could not bind IPv6 address "::1": Cannot ass...address
Jul 27 11:42:02 docker.domain.com postmaster[1635]: 2020-07-27 11:42:02.506 CST [1635] HINT:  Is another postmaster already running on por... retry.
Jul 27 11:42:02 docker.domain.com postmaster[1635]: 2020-07-27 11:42:02.507 CST [1635] LOG:  listening on Unix socket "/var/run/postgresql...L.5432"
Jul 27 11:42:02 docker.domain.com postmaster[1635]: 2020-07-27 11:42:02.508 CST [1635] LOG:  listening on Unix socket "/tmp/.s.PGSQL.5432"
Jul 27 11:42:02 docker.domain.com postmaster[1635]: 2020-07-27 11:42:02.516 CST [1635] LOG:  redirecting log output to logging collector process
Jul 27 11:42:02 docker.domain.com postmaster[1635]: 2020-07-27 11:42:02.516 CST [1635] HINT:  Future log output will appear in directory "log".
Jul 27 11:42:02 docker.domain.com systemd[1]: Started PostgreSQL 12 database server.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

[root@docker ~]# ss -tulnp | grep 5432
tcp    LISTEN     0      128    127.0.0.1:5432                  *:*                   users:(("postmaster",pid=1635,fd=3))
 

安裝完畢後，系統會建立一個數據庫超級使用者 postgres，密碼為空。

[root@docker ~]# su - postgres

使用以下命令進入 postgres，輸出以下資訊，說明安裝成功：

[root@docker ~]# su - postgres
-bash-4.2$ psql
psql (12.3)
Type "help" for help.

postgres=# 

輸入以下命令退出 PostgreSQL 提示符

postgres=# \q
-bash-4.2$ exit
logout

相關命令

systemctl enable postgresql-12
systemctl start postgresql-12
systemctl stop postgresql-12
systemctl status postgresql-12