轉：django中excel匯入匯出
阿新 • • 發佈：2020-07-28
django匯入匯出excel實踐
目錄
正文
回到頂部一、xlrd和xlwt模組介紹
xlrd模組提供在任何平臺上從excel電子表格(.xls和.xlsx)中提取資料的功能，xlwt模組提供生成與Microsoft Excel 95 到2003版本相容的excel檔案的功能。
1、安裝方法
# 方法一：
pip3 install xlrd
pip3 install xlwt
# 方法二：
在python官網http://pypi.python.org/pypi/xlrd/(xlwt)下載xlrd/xlwt的安裝包。
壓縮包放置在python安裝目錄下python/Lib/site-packages。
解壓壓縮包：tar zxvf xlrd-1.0.0.tar.gz
進入到解壓的資料夾：cd xlrd-1.0.0
執行命令：python setup,py install
2、xlrd使用詳解
（1）excel文件準備
準備excel文件：聯絡人.xls，內容如下所示：
（2）xlrd獲取sheet工作表名稱和物件
import xlrd
# 開啟Excel檔案讀取器,加上utf-8編碼可防止遇到中文字元亂碼
data = xlrd.open_workbook('聯絡人.xls', encoding_override='utf-8')
# 獲取所有sheet工作表名稱
sheetnames = data.sheet_names()
print(sheetnames)
"""
['銀行1', '銀行2']
"""
# 通過索引獲取指定sheet工作表名稱
sheet_name = data.sheet_names()[1]
print(sheet_name)
"""
銀行2
"""
# 通過工作表名稱獲取sheet物件
table_name = data.sheet_by_name(sheet_name)
print(table_name)
"""
<xlrd.sheet.Sheet object at 0x10b657160>
"""
# 通過sheet索引獲取sheet工作表物件
table_index = data.sheet_by_index(0)
print(table_index)
"""
<xlrd.sheet.Sheet object at 0x1073b3f28>
"""（3）sheet工作表行/列操作
# 獲取行數和列數
nrows = table_name.nrows # 總行數
ncols = table_name.ncols # 總列數
print("銀行2表,總行數: %s,總列數: %s" % (nrows, ncols))
"""
銀行2表,總行數: 5,總列數: 7
"""
# 根據sheet物件獲取整行和整列的值
sheet_row_val = table_name.row_values(3)
sheet_col_val = table_name.col_values(3)
print("整行的值：%s , \n整列的值: %s" % (sheet_row_val, sheet_col_val))
"""
整行的值：['', '李九', '開發', 'IOS開發', 87888.0, 13213123.0, '[email protected]'] ,
整列的值: ['', '工作職責', 'UI設計', 'IOS開發', '硬體維護']
"""
# 獲取當前行的有效單元格長度
print(table_name.row_len(3))
print(table_index.row_len(3))
"""
7
8
"""
（4）sheet工作表單元格操作
單元格是組成表格的最小單位，可以拆分或合併。每個資料的輸入和修改都是在單元格中進行的。
# 獲取指定單元格內容
print(table_name.cell(1,0).value) # 第二行第一列
print(table_name.cell_value(2,1)) # 第三行第二列
print(table_name.row(1)[0].value) # 第二行第一列
"""
機構名稱
張八
機構名稱
"""
# 獲取單元格內容的資料型別
# ctype說明：0 empty, 1 string, 2 number, 3 date, 4 boolean, 5 error
print(table_index.cell(1,0).ctype) # 銀行1表，2行1列內容 機構名稱
print(table_index.cell(3,4).ctype) # 銀行1表，4行5列內容 888
print(table_index.cell(2,6).ctype) # 銀行1表，3行7列內容 2019/5/7
"""
1
2
3
"""
# 日期單元格內容處理
from datetime import datetime, date
if table_index.cell(2,6).ctype == 3:
print(table_index.cell(2, 6).value)
date_value = xlrd.xldate_as_tuple(table_index.cell(2, 6).value, data.datemode)
print(date_value)
print(date(*date_value[:3]))
print(date(*date_value[:3]).strftime('%Y/%m/%d'))
"""
43592.0
(2019, 5, 7, 0, 0, 0)
2019-05-07
2019/05/07
"""
# 獲取number型別的單元格內容
if table_index.cell(3, 4).ctype == 2:
print(table_index.cell(3, 4).value)
num_value = int(table_index.cell(3, 4).value) # 轉為整型
print(num_value)
"""
888.0
888
"""
（5）獲取合併單元格內容
需要使用merged_cells屬性，獲取merged_cells返回的row和col低位的索引即可。
# 需要在讀取檔案時新增formatting_info引數，預設是False
# 需要設定為True，才能呼叫merged_cells屬性獲取到值
xls_data = xlrd.open_workbook('聯絡人.xls', formatting_info=True)
sheet_data = xls_data.sheet_by_name('銀行2')
print(sheet_data.merged_cells)
"""
[(0, 1, 0, 7), (2, 5, 0, 1)]
"""
merged_cells返回的這四個引數的含義：(row,row_range,col,col_range)。
因此，(0,1,0,7)表示第1列~第7列合併；(2,5,0,1)表示第3行~第6行合併。
# 分別獲取合併兩個單元格內容
merge_value = []
for (row, row_range, col, col_range) in sheet_data.merged_cells:
merge_value.append((row, col))
"""
[(0, 0), (2, 0)]
"""
print(merge_value)
for i in merge_value:
print(sheet_data.cell(i[0], i[1]).value)
"""
銀行2
銀行2
"""
3、xlwt使用詳解
使用xlwt模組對Excel檔案進行建立、設定、儲存等操作。
import xlwt
# 建立一個工作簿(workbook)，並設定編碼
# workbook = xlwt.Workbook(encoding='ascii')
workbook = xlwt.Workbook(encoding='utf-8')
# 建立一個工作表(worksheet)
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet("My Worksheet")
# 樣式設定(可選)
style = xlwt.XFStyle() # 初始化樣式
font = xlwt.Font() # 為樣式建立字型
font.name = "Times New Roman"
font.bold = True # 加粗
font.underline = True # 下劃線
font.italic = True # 斜體字
style.font = font # 設定樣式
# 寫入excel,引數對應 行 列 值
# 不帶樣式的寫入
worksheet.write(1,0, 'Unformatted value')
# 帶樣式的寫入
worksheet.write(2,0, 'Formatted value', style)
# 儲存檔案
workbook.save("xlwt_test.xls")
開啟Excel檔案顯示效果如下：
（1）設定單元格寬度
import xlwt
workbook = xlwt.Workbook()
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Sheet')
worksheet.write(0, 0,'My Cell Contents')
# 設定單元格寬度
worksheet.col(0).width = 30003
workbook.save('cell_width.xls')
顯示效果：
（2）輸入日期到單元格
import xlwt
import datetime
workbook = xlwt.Workbook()
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Sheet')
style = xlwt.XFStyle()
style.num_format_str = 'M/D/YY' # Other options: D-MMM-YY, D-MMM, MMM-YY, h:mm, h:mm:ss, h:mm, h:mm:ss, M/D/YY h:mm, mm:ss, [h]:mm:ss, mm:ss.0
worksheet.write(0, 0, datetime.datetime.now(), style)
workbook.save('Excel_Workbook.xls')
顯示效果：
（3）新增公式到單元格
import xlwt
workbook = xlwt.Workbook()
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Sheet')
worksheet.write(0, 0, 5) # Outputs 5
worksheet.write(0, 1, 2) # Outputs 2
# 新增公式
worksheet.write(1, 0, xlwt.Formula('A1*B1')) # Should output "10" (A1[5] * A2[2])
worksheet.write(1, 1, xlwt.Formula('SUM(A1,B1)')) # Should output "7" (A1[5] + A2[2])
workbook.save('Excel_formula.xls')
顯示效果：
（4）新增超連結到單元格
import xlwt
workbook = xlwt.Workbook()
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Sheet')
worksheet.write(0, 0, xlwt.Formula('HYPERLINK("http://www.baidu.com";"Baidu")')) # Outputs the text "Baidu" linking to http://www.baidu.com
workbook.save('Excel_hyperlink.xls')
顯示效果：
（5）合併列和行
import xlwt
workbook = xlwt.Workbook()
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Sheet')
worksheet.write_merge(0, 0, 0, 3, 'First Merge') # Merges row 0's columns 0 through 3.
font = xlwt.Font() # Create Font
font.bold = True # Set font to Bold
style = xlwt.XFStyle() # Create Style
style.font = font # Add Bold Font to Style
worksheet.write_merge(1, 2, 0, 3, 'Second Merge', style) # Merges row 1 through 2's columns 0 through 3.
workbook.save('Excel_merge.xls')
顯示效果：
（6）其他單元格設定
"""
設定單元格內容的對其方式:
"""
import xlwt
workbook = xlwt.Workbook()
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Sheet')
alignment = xlwt.Alignment() # Create Alignment
alignment.horz = xlwt.Alignment.HORZ_CENTER # May be: HORZ_GENERAL, HORZ_LEFT, HORZ_CENTER, HORZ_RIGHT, HORZ_FILLED, HORZ_JUSTIFIED, HORZ_CENTER_ACROSS_SEL, HORZ_DISTRIBUTED
alignment.vert = xlwt.Alignment.VERT_CENTER # May be: VERT_TOP, VERT_CENTER, VERT_BOTTOM, VERT_JUSTIFIED, VERT_DISTRIBUTED
style = xlwt.XFStyle() # Create Style
style.alignment = alignment # Add Alignment to Style
worksheet.write(0, 0, 'Cell Contents', style)
workbook.save('Excel_Workbook.xls')
"""
為單元格議新增邊框:
"""
# Please note: While I was able to find these constants within the source code, on my system (using LibreOffice,) I was only presented with a solid line, varying from thin to thick; no dotted or dashed lines.
import xlwt
workbook = xlwt.Workbook()
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Sheet')
borders = xlwt.Borders() # Create Borders
borders.left = xlwt.Borders.DASHED
DASHED虛線
NO_LINE沒有
THIN實線
# May be: NO_LINE, THIN, MEDIUM, DASHED, DOTTED, THICK, DOUBLE, HAIR, MEDIUM_DASHED, THIN_DASH_DOTTED, MEDIUM_DASH_DOTTED, THIN_DASH_DOT_DOTTED, MEDIUM_DASH_DOT_DOTTED, SLANTED_MEDIUM_DASH_DOTTED, or 0x00 through 0x0D.
borders.right = xlwt.Borders.DASHED
borders.top = xlwt.Borders.DASHED
borders.bottom = xlwt.Borders.DASHED
borders.left_colour = 0x40
borders.right_colour = 0x40
borders.top_colour = 0x40
borders.bottom_colour = 0x40
style = xlwt.XFStyle() # Create Style
style.borders = borders # Add Borders to Style
worksheet.write(0, 0, 'Cell Contents', style)
workbook.save('Excel_Workbook.xls')
"""
為單元格設定背景色:
"""
import xlwt
workbook = xlwt.Workbook()
worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Sheet')
pattern = xlwt.Pattern() # Create the Pattern
pattern.pattern = xlwt.Pattern.SOLID_PATTERN # May be: NO_PATTERN, SOLID_PATTERN, or 0x00 through 0x12
pattern.pattern_fore_colour = 5 # May be: 8 through 63. 0 = Black, 1 = White, 2 = Red, 3 = Green, 4 = Blue, 5 = Yellow, 6 = Magenta, 7 = Cyan, 16 = Maroon, 17 = Dark Green, 18 = Dark Blue, 19 = Dark Yellow , almost brown), 20 = Dark Magenta, 21 = Teal, 22 = Light Gray, 23 = Dark Gray, the list goes on...
style = xlwt.XFStyle() # Create the Pattern
style.pattern = pattern # Add Pattern to Style
worksheet.write(0, 0, 'Cell Contents', style)
workbook.save('Excel_Workbook.xls')
回到頂部
二、匯出excel表（讀django欄位資料）
在django專案中實現用excel匯出資料庫中資料。
1、新增匯出excel路由
這裡是基於crm專案實現，在customer配置類中新增excel路由：
class CustomerConfig(ModelStark):
"""程式碼省略"""
def extra_url(self):
"""擴充套件路由"""
temp = []
temp.append(url(r"mycustomer/", self.mycustomer))
temp.append(url(r'export/', self.excel_export))
return temp
2、匯出excel檢視函式
# 註冊客戶(學生)到stark
class CustomerConfig(ModelStark):
"""程式碼省略"""
def excel_export(self, request):
"""匯出excel表格"""
list_obj = models.Customer.objects.all().order_by("create_time")
if list_obj:
# 建立工作薄
ws = Workbook(encoding="UTF-8")
w = ws.add_sheet(u'資料報表第一頁')
w.write(0, 0, 'id')
w.write(0, 1, u'姓名')
w.write(0, 2, u'性別')
w.write(0, 3, u'民族')
w.write(0, 4, u'籍貫')
w.write(0, 5, u'身份證號')
w.write(0, 6, u'通知書郵寄地址')
w.write(0, 7, u'郵編')
w.write(0, 8, u'聯絡電話')
w.write(0, 9, u'聯絡電話2')
w.write(0, 10, u'院校')
w.write(0, 11, u'專業')
w.write(0, 12, u'建立日期')
w.write(0, 13, u'生源人')
w.write(0, 14, u'備註')
# 寫入資料
excel_row = 1
for obj in list_obj:
data_id = obj.id
data_name = obj.name
# data_gender = obj.gender_choices # 只顯示數字
data_gender = obj.get_gender_display()
data_nation = obj.nation
data_birth = obj.birth_place
data_identity_num = obj.identity_num
data_address = obj.address
data_postcode = obj.postcode
data_tel = obj.tel
data_tel2 = obj.tel_2
data_school = obj.stu_school.title
data_course = obj.course.first().name
data_time = obj.create_time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
data_consultant = obj.consultant.name
data_memo = obj.memo
w.write(excel_row, 0, data_id)
w.write(excel_row, 1, data_name)
w.write(excel_row, 2, data_gender)
w.write(excel_row, 3, data_nation)
w.write(excel_row, 4, data_birth)
w.write(excel_row, 5, data_identity_num)
w.write(excel_row, 6, data_address)
w.write(excel_row, 7, data_postcode)
w.write(excel_row, 8, data_tel)
w.write(excel_row, 9, data_tel2)
w.write(excel_row, 10, data_school)
w.write(excel_row, 11, data_course)
w.write(excel_row, 12, data_time)
w.write(excel_row, 13, data_consultant)
w.write(excel_row, 14, data_memo)
excel_row += 1
# 檢測檔案是否存在
# 方框中程式碼是儲存本地檔案使用，如不需要請刪除該程式碼
###########################
exist_file = os.path.exists("stu_info.xls")
if exist_file:
os.remove(r"stu_info.xls")
ws.save("customer_info.xls")
############################
sio = BytesIO()
ws.save(sio)
sio.seek(0)
response = HttpResponse(sio.getvalue(), content_type='application/vnd.ms-excel')
response['Content-Disposition'] = 'attachment; filename=stu_info.xls'
response.write(sio.getvalue())
return response
（1）獲取日期並轉化格式
data_time = obj.create_time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
（2）獲取一對多物件名稱
data_consultant = obj.consultant.name
（3）獲取多對多物件名稱
data_course = obj.course.first().name
3、將註冊的模型類新增到字典_registry中
site.register(models.Customer, CustomerConfig)回到頂部
三、匯入excel表（插入django欄位資料）
匯入時，一對多欄位和多對多欄位處理需要特別注意。
1、新增匯入Excel路由
# 註冊客戶(學生)到stark
class CustomerConfig(ModelStark):
def extra_url(self):
"""擴充套件路由"""
temp = []
temp.append(url(r"mycustomer/", self.mycustomer))
temp.append(url(r'export/', self.excel_export))
temp.append(url(r'import/', self.excel_import))
return temp
2、匯入Excel檢視函式
# 註冊客戶(學生)到stark
class CustomerConfig(ModelStark):
"""省略程式碼"""
def excel_import(self, request):
"""批量匯入資料"""
if request.method == 'GET':
return render(request, 'excel_import.html', locals())
# return JsonResponse({'msg': '不是post請求'})
else:
user_id = request.session.get("user_id")
file_obj = request.FILES.get('my_file')
type_excel = file_obj.name.split('.')[1]
if 'xls' == type_excel:
# 開始解析上傳的excel表格
wb = xlrd.open_workbook(filename=None, file_contents=file_obj.read())
table = wb.sheets()[0]
nrows = table.nrows # 行數
# ncole = table.ncols # 列數
try:
# 正常的資料庫操作應該是原子性操作
with transaction.atomic():
for i in range(1, nrows):
# i/o
row_value = table.row_values(i) # 一行的資料
# 新增多對多欄位
# 主要這裡不能使用get，否則報錯：'Course' object is not iterable
course_obj = models.Course.objects.filter(name=row_value[9])
print(row_value[10], type(row_value[10])) # 1002.0 <class 'float'>
consultant_obj = models.UserInfo.objects.get(code=str(int(row_value[10])))
# 生成學生物件，新增
customer_obj = models.Customer.objects.create(
name=row_value[0],
gender=row_value[1],
nation=row_value[2],
birth_place=row_value[3],
identity_num=row_value[4],
address=row_value[5],
postcode=row_value[6],
tel=row_value[7],
tel_2=row_value[8],
stu_school_id=1,
create_time=datetime.datetime.now(),
consultant=consultant_obj, # 一對多欄位
memo=row_value[11]
)
# create的時候不寫多對多欄位，寫完後單獨設定即可
customer_obj.course.set(course_obj)
except Exception as e:
return HttpResponse('出現錯誤...%s' % e)
return HttpResponse("上傳成功")
return HttpResponse('上傳檔案格式不是xls')
（1）一對多欄位
consultant欄位是一對多欄位，使用如下方法新增：
consultant_obj = models.UserInfo.objects.get(code=str(int(row_value[10])))
# 生成學生物件，新增
customer_obj = models.Customer.objects.create(
"""程式碼省略"""
consultant=consultant_obj, # 一對多欄位
)
（2）多對多欄位
course欄位是多對多欄位，使用如下方法新增：
# 新增多對多欄位
# 主要這裡不能使用get，否則報錯：'Course' object is not iterable
course_obj = models.Course.objects.filter(name=row_value[9])
print(row_value[10], type(row_value[10])) # 1002.0 <class 'float'>
# 生成學生物件，新增
customer_obj = models.Customer.objects.create("""程式碼省略""")
# create的時候不寫多對多欄位，寫完後單獨設定即可
customer_obj.course.set(course_obj)